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المساهمون: University of Zurich
المصدر: Methods in Ecology and Evolution. 14:1150-1167
مصطلحات موضوعية: 10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, UFSP13-8 Global Change and Biodiversity, Ecological Modeling, 570 Life sciences, biology, 590 Animals (Zoology), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
الوصف: The insurance effect of biodiversity—that diversity stabilises aggregate ecosystem properties—is mechanistically underlain by inter- and intraspecific trait variation in organismal responses to the environment. This variation, termedresponse diversity, is therefore a potentially critical determinant of ecological stability. However, response diversity has yet to be widely quantified, possibly due to difficulties in its measurement. Even when it has been measured, approaches have varied.Here, we review methods for measuring response diversity and from them distil a methodological framework for quantifying response diversity from experimental and/or observational data, which can be practically applied in lab and field settings across a range of taxa.Previous empirical studies on response diversity most commonly invoke response traits as proxies aimed at capturing species’ ecological responses to the environment. Our approach, which is based on environment-dependent ecological responses to any biotic or abiotic environmental variable, is conceptually simple and robust to any form of environmental response, including nonlinear responses. Given its derivation from empirical data on species’ ecological responses, this approach should more directly reflect response diversity than the trait-based approach dominant in the literature.By capturing even subtle inter- or intraspecific variation in environmental responses, and environment-dependencies in response diversity, we hope this framework will motivate tests of the diversity-stability relationship from a new perspective, and provide an approach for mapping, monitoring, and conserving this critical dimension of biodiversity.
وصف الملف: HowtomeasureRoss.pdf - application/pdf
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المؤلفون: Louise R. Peckre, Anne-Claire Fabre, Christine E. Wall, Emmanuelle Pouydebat, Ian Q. Whishaw
المصدر: Evolutionary Biology. 50:206-223
مصطلحات موضوعية: 570 Life sciences, biology, 590 Animals (Zoology), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
الوصف: Anthropoid vision contributes not only to reaching and grasping but also to the orienting of a food item during the withdraw movement to precisely place it in the mouth for eating. The evolutionary history of this visual control of feeding is not known. It likely evolved from the nonvisual control of the hand that is used with good effect for eating in many non-primate animal species. Strepsirrhines are a relatively large monophyletic group, diverging near the base of the primate cladogram, and described as using vision to reach for food. It is not known whether they use vision to orient food items during the withdraw movement. Video recordings of 7,464 withdraw movements from 22 species of captive strepsirrhines eating their normal food provisions were used to assess whether and how vision contributes to the withdraw movement. The constituent acts of withdraw movements, head orientation, body posture, ground-withdraw and inhand-withdraw, were assessed using frame-by-frame video inspection. Strepsirrhines were versatile in using their hands to get food to the mouth. They displayed variation between and within families that were weakly related to phylogenetic relationships and mainly related to feeding niches. There was no evidence that any species used vision to assist with the withdraw movement. Instead strepsirrhines used mouth reaching to take food from the hand and/or perioral contact to positioning food for biting. Our findings support two hypotheses: that visual mediation of food orienting for placement in the mouth during the withdraw movement is an anthropoid innovation, and that the evolution of the visual control of feeding was not a singular event.
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المؤلفون: Christen, Matthias, Gonzalo-Nadal, Veronica, Kaczmarska, Adriana, Dyrka, Magdalena, Guevar, Julien, Jagannathan, Vidhya, Leeb, Tosso, Gutierrez-Quintana, Rodrigo
المصدر: Christen, Matthias; Gonzalo-Nadal, Veronica; Kaczmarska, Adriana; Dyrka, Magdalena; Guevar, Julien; Jagannathan, Vidhya; Leeb, Tosso; Gutierrez-Quintana, Rodrigo (2023). A novel missense variant in the L2HGDH gene in a cat with L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria and multicystic cerebral lesions. Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 37(2), pp. 676-680. Wiley 10.1111/jvim.16675 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16675>
مصطلحات موضوعية: 630 Agriculture, General Veterinary, 570 Life sciences, biology, 590 Animals (Zoology), 610 Medicine & health
الوصف: CASE DESCRIPTION A 9-month-old intact male domestic shorthair cat was evaluated for increasing frequency of generalized tonic-clonic seizures. CLINICAL FINDINGS The cat was reported to have had episodes of circling between the seizures. Upon examination, the cat had bilateral inconsistent menace response but otherwise normal physical and neurological examinations. DIAGNOSTICS Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain identified multifocal, small, rounded intra-axial lesions within the subcortical white matter containing fluid with similar characteristics as cerebrospinal fluid. Evaluation of urine organic acids showed increased excretion of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid. An XM_023255678.2:c.397C>T nonsense variant in the L2HGDH gene encoding L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase was identified using whole genome sequencing. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Levetiracetam treatment was initiated at 20 mg/kg PO q8h, but the cat died after a seizure 10 days later. CLINICAL RELEVANCE We report the second pathogenic gene variant in L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria in cats and describe for the first time multicystic cerebral lesions on MRI.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
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المؤلفون: Giuseppe Locatelli, Filipa Marques‐Ferreira, Antonis Katsoulas, Vasileia Kalaitzaki, Martin Krueger, Barbara Ingold‐Heppner, Sabrina Walthert, Roman Sankowski, Olivia Prazeres da Costa, Amalia Dolga, Magdalena Huber, Maike Gold, Carsten Culmsee, Ari Waisman, Ingo Bechmann, Vladislava Milchevskaya, Marco Prinz, Achim Tresch, Burkhard Becher, Thorsten Buch
المساهمون: Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Zurich
المصدر: Glia, 71(3), 616-632. Wiley
Locatelli, Giuseppe; Marques-Ferreira, Filipa; Katsoulas, Antonis; Kalaitzaki, Vasileia; Krueger, Martin; Ingold-Heppner, Barbara; Walthert, Sabrina; Sankowski, Roman; Prazeres da Costa, Olivia; Dolga, Amalia; Huber, Magdalena; Gold, Maike; Culmsee, Carsten; Waisman, Ari; Bechmann, Ingo; Milchevskaya, Vladislava; Prinz, Marco; Tresch, Achim; Becher, Burkhard and Buch, Thorsten (2023). IGF1R expression by adult oligodendrocytes is not required in the steady-state but supports neuroinflammation. GLIA, 71(3), pp. 616-632. Wiley-Blackwell 10.1002/glia.24299 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/glia.24299>مصطلحات موضوعية: insulin-like growth factor 1, EAE, 610 Medicine & health, RESEARCH ARTICLE, RESEARCH ARTICLES, demyelination, multiple sclerosis, neuroinflammation, oligodendrocyte, 10263 Institute of Experimental Immunology, ddc, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Neurology, 570 Life sciences, biology, 590 Animals (Zoology), 10239 Institute of Laboratory Animal Science
الوصف: In the central nervous system (CNS), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) regulates myelination by oligodendrocyte (ODC) precursor cells and shows anti-apoptotic properties in neuronal cells in different in vitro and in vivo systems. Previous work also suggests that IGF-1 protects ODCs from cell death and enhances remyelination in models of toxin-induced and autoimmune demyelination. However, since evidence remains controversial, the therapeutic potential of IGF-1 in demyelinating CNS conditions is unclear. To finally shed light on the function of IGF1-signaling for ODCs, we deleted insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) specifically in mature ODCs of the mouse. We found that ODC survival and myelin status were unaffected by the absence of IGF1R until 15 months of age, indicating that IGF-1 signaling does not play a major role in post-mitotic ODCs during homeostasis. Notably, the absence of IGF1R did neither affect ODC survival nor myelin status upon cuprizone intoxication or induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), models for toxic and autoimmune demyelination, respectively. Surprisingly, however, the absence of IGF1R from ODCs protected against clinical neuroinflammation in the EAE model. Together, our data indicate that IGF-1 signaling is not required for the function and survival of mature ODCs in steady-state and disease.
وصف الملف: application/pdf; Glia___2022___Locatelli___IGF1R_expression_by_adult_oligodendrocytes_is_not_required_in_the_steady_state_but_supports.pdf - application/pdf
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المؤلفون: Zöttl, Markus, Schreier, Tanja, Taborsky, Michael
المصدر: Zöttl, Markus; Schreier, Tanja; Taborsky, Michael (2023). Coercion promotes alloparental care in cooperative breeders. Behavioral Ecology, 34(3), pp. 363-372. Oxford University Press 10.1093/beheco/arac125 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arac125>
مصطلحات موضوعية: 590 Animals (Zoology), 570 Life sciences, biology, Animal Science and Zoology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
الوصف: Members of social groups may negotiate among each other about the exchange of goods and services. If this involves asymmetries between interacting partners, for instance in condition, power, or expected payoffs, coercion may be involved in the bargain. Cooperative breeders are excellent models to study such interactions, because asymmetries are inherent in the relationship between dominant breeders and subordinate helpers. Currently it is unclear whether punishment is used to enforce costly cooperation in such systems. Here we investigated experimentally in the cooperatively breeding cichlid Neolamprologus pulcher whether alloparental brood care provided by subordinates is contingent on enforcement by dominant breeders. We manipulated first the brood care behavior of a subordinate group member and then the possibility of the dominant breeders to punish idle helpers. When subordinates were prevented from providing brood care, breeders increased their attacks on them, which triggered increased alloparental brood care by helpers as soon as this was again possible. In contrast, when the possibility to punish helpers was prevented, energetically costly alloparental brood care did not increase. Our results confirm predictions of the pay-to-stay mechanism causing alloparental care in this species and they suggest more generally that coercion can play an important role in the control of cooperation.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::34c2204bba911fc00c761dce91ce3ef3
https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arac125 -
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المؤلفون: Matthias Christen, Odette Ludwig‐Peisker, Vidhya Jagannathan, Udo Hetzel, Ulrike Schönball, Tosso Leeb
المصدر: Christen, Matthias; Ludwig-Peisker, Odette; Jagannathan, Vidhya; Hetzel, Udo; Schönball, Ulrike; Leeb, Tosso (2023). STK36 splice site variant in an Australian Shepherd dog with primary ciliary dyskinesia. Animal genetics, 54(3), pp. 412-415. Wiley 10.1111/age.13306 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/age.13306>
مصطلحات موضوعية: 630 Agriculture, Genetics, 590 Animals (Zoology), 570 Life sciences, biology, 610 Medicine & health, Animal Science and Zoology, General Medicine
الوصف: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) represents a group of diseases characterized by impaired movement of cilia and subsequent health problems in diverse organ systems, notably the respiratory tract. Almost 50 candidate genes for PCD are known in humans. In this study, we investigated an Australian Shepherd dog with a history of recurrent respiratory infections and nasal discharge. A transmission electron microscopy investigation led to the diagnosis of PCD with central pair defect, in which the normal 9:2 arrangement of respiratory cilia was altered and reduced to a 9:0 arrangement. Whole genome sequencing data from the affected dog was obtained and searched for variants in PCD candidate genes that were not present in 918 control genomes from different breeds. This revealed a homozygous single base pair exchange at a splice site of STK36, XM_038585732.1:c.2868-1G>A. The mutant allele was absent from 281 additionally genotyped Australian Shepherd dogs. RT-PCR confirmed aberrant splicing in the affected dog with the skipping of exon 20 and the insertion of a cryptic exon, which is predicted to lead to a premature stop codon and truncation of 36% of the STK36 wild-type open reading frame, XP_038441660.1:(p.Met957Profs*11). STK36 variants were previously reported to cause PCD in humans and mice. The knowledge from other species together with the absence of the mutant allele in more than 1000 control dogs suggests STK36:c.2868-1G>A as the most likely candidate variant for PCD in the investigated case.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
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المؤلفون: Erin Massender, Hinayah R. Oliveira, Luiz F. Brito, Laurence Maignel, Mohsen Jafarikia, Christine F. Baes, Brian Sullivan, Flavio S. Schenkel
المصدر: Massender, Erin; Oliveira, Hinayah R; Brito, Luiz F; Maignel, Laurence; Jafarikia, Mohsen; Baes, Christine F; Sullivan, Brian; Schenkel, Flavio S (2023). Genome-wide association study for milk production and conformation traits in Canadian Alpine and Saanen dairy goats. Journal of dairy science, 106(2), pp. 1168-1189. American Dairy Science Association 10.3168/jds.2022-22223 <http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2022-22223>
مصطلحات موضوعية: 630 Agriculture, Genetics, 590 Animals (Zoology), 630 Landwirtschaft, Animal Science and Zoology, 590 Tiere (Zoologie), Food Science
الوصف: Increasing the productivity of Canadian dairy goats is critical to the competitiveness of the sector; however, little is known about the underlying genetic architecture of economically important traits in these populations. Consequently, the objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to perform a single-step GWAS for milk production traits (milk, protein, and fat yields, and protein and fat percentages in first and later lactations) and conformation traits (body capacity, dairy character, feet and legs, fore udder, general appearance, rear udder, suspensory ligament, and teats) in the Canadian Alpine and Saanen breeds; and (2) to identify positional and functional candidate genes related to these traits. The data available for analysis included 305-d milk production records for 6,409 Alpine and 3,434 Saanen does in first lactation and 5,827 Alpine and 2,632 Saanen does in later lactations; as well as linear type conformation records for 5,158 Alpine and 2,342 Saanen does. Genotypes were available for 833 Alpine and 874 Saanen animals. Both single-breed and multiple-breed GWAS were performed using single-trait animal models. Positional and functional candidate genes were then identified in downstream analyses. The GWAS identified 189 unique SNP that were significant at the chromosomal level, corresponding to 271 unique positional candidate genes within 50 kb up- and downstream, across breeds and traits. This study provides evidence for the economic importance of several candidate genes (e.g., CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN1S2, CSN3, DGAT1, and ZNF16) in the Canadian Alpine and Saanen populations that have been previously reported in other dairy goat populations. Moreover, several novel positional and functional candidate genes (e.g., RPL8, DCK, and MOB1B) were also identified. Overall, the results of this study have provided greater insight into the genetic architecture of milk production and conformation traits in the Canadian Alpine and Saanen populations. Greater understanding of these traits will help to improve dairy goat breeding programs.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
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المؤلفون: Abdu, Salamatu, Eisenring, Melina, Zúñiga, Daniel, Alarcón-Nieto, Gustavo, Schmid, Heidi, Aplin, Lucy M, Brandl, Hanja B, Farine, Damien R
المساهمون: University of Zurich, Abdu, Salamatu
المصدر: International Journal for Parasitology. Parasites and Wildlife, 21
مصطلحات موضوعية: Air sac nematode, Great tit, Serratospiculoides amaculata, Parasite, Host, Infection, 2405 Parasitology, 2725 Infectious Diseases, 10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Infectious Diseases, ddc:570, 570 Life sciences, biology, 590 Animals (Zoology), Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, 1103 Animal Science and Zoology
الوصف: Major climatic changes in conjunction with animal movement may be associated with the spread of parasites and their vectors into new populations, with potentially important consequences for population persistence. Parasites can evolve to adapt to unsuitable ecological conditions and take up refuge within new host species, with consequences for the population growth of the new host species. One parasite species that has likely been increasing its geographic range, and potentially infecting new hosts, is the recently described air sac nematode Serratospiculoides amaculata, in great tits (Parus major) in Slovakia. In this study, we screened wild birds for potential air sac nematode infection in a woodland area of southern Germany. We identified four additional host species: Eurasian nuthatch, great spotted woodpecker, greenfinch and robin. As infection by this group of nematodes can be highly pathogenic, we recommend further investigation into its potential risk to these populations.
International Journal for Parasitology. Parasites and Wildlife, 21
ISSN:2213-2244وصف الملف: Abdu_etal_2023_IJPPW.pdf - application/pdf; application/application/pdf; application/pdf
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المؤلفون: P Siegler, A Wiethoelter, J Hufschmid
المصدر: Siegler, P; Wiethoelter, A; Hufschmid, J (2023). Perspectives of vets on plastics in veterinary medicine. Australian veterinary journal, 101(4), pp. 164-173. Wiley 10.1111/avj.13230 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/avj.13230>
مصطلحات موضوعية: 630 Agriculture, General Veterinary, 590 Animals (Zoology), General Medicine
الوصف: The use of disposable plastics and their subsequent environmental impacts are topics of increasing concern in modern society. Medical, including veterinary, sectors are major contributors to plastic waste production. While there is an existing body of literature on the use and reduction of disposable plastics in the human medical sector, few studies, if any, have specifically investigated the use of plastics within the veterinary field. The overall aim of this pilot study was to investigate Australian veterinarians regarding their attitudes toward the ways in which they use disposable plastic in their work and personal lives.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
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المؤلفون: Quintero Rodríguez, Luis E., Domínguez, Germán, Alvarado Pinedo, María F., Travería, Gabriel E., Moré, Gastón, Campero, Lucía M., de la Sota, R. Luzbel, Madoz, Laura V., Giuliodori, Mauricio J.
المصدر: Theriogenology. 194:126-132
مصطلحات موضوعية: Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral, 630 Agriculture, Coccidiosis, Equine, Neospora, Cattle Diseases, Antibodies, Protozoan, 500 Science, Antibodies, Viral, Food Animals, Pregnancy, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Animals, 590 Animals (Zoology), Female, Cattle, Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease, Animal Science and Zoology, Prospective Studies, 610 Medicine & health, Small Animals, Progesterone, Herpesvirus 1, Bovine
الوصف: The objectives of this study were: 1- to evaluate the association of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV), Bovine Herpes Virus 1 (BoHV-1), and Neospora caninum (N. caninum) with the risk for Late Embryonic Loss (LEL) in grazing dairy cows, 2- to evaluate blood progesterone concentration at the time of LEL occurrence, and 3- to describe a novel ultrasound-guided technique for conceptus sampling. We run a prospective cohort study involving 92 cows (46 LEL and 46 NLEL). An LEL cow was that having an embryo with no heartbeat, detached membranes, or floating structures, including embryo remnants detected at pregnancy check by ultrasonography (US) 28-42 days post-AI, whereas an NLEL cow was that with embryo heartbeats detectable by US at pregnancy check 28-42 d post-IA. We took two blood samples from every cow at pregnancy check by US (the day of LEL detection) and 28 d later to perform serological diagnosis of BVDV, BoHV-1, and N. caninum; and to measure blood progesterone concentration at pregnancy check (28-42 d post-AI). We also sampled the conceptus from all the LEL cows. We performed PCR to detect BVDV, BoHV-1, and N. caninum in sampled conceptuses from LEL cows. Finally, we evaluated the associations of risk factors (serological titers, seroconversion, and progesterone) with LEL odds with logistic models. The risk for LEL was associated with serological titers to BVDV (P = 0.03) and tended to be associated with seroconversion to BVDV, given that 19.6% (9/46) in LEL and 6.5% (3/46) in NLEL cows seroconverted to BVDV (P = 0.09). In addition, BVDV was detected in conceptuses from LEL cows that seroconverted to BVDV but not in LEL cows that did not seroconvert. Conversely, the risk for LEL was not associated with the titers or seroconversion to BoHV-1 and N. caninum. BoHV-1 and N. caninum were not identified in any of the conceptuses. Finally, blood progesterone concentration was similar in LEL and NLEL cows, and it was not associated with the risk for LEL (P = 0.54). In conclusion, BVDV infection is a risk factor for LEL in dairy cows.
