المؤلفون: Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abbasi, Mohammad, Abbasifard, Mitra, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abedi, Aidin, Abedi, Parisa, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abosetugn, Akine Eshete, Aboyans, Victor, Abrams, Elissa M., Abreu, Lucas Guimaraes, Abrigo, Michael R. M., Abu Haimed, Abdulaziz Khalid, Abualhasan, Ahmed, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I., Acebedo, Alyssa, Ackerman, Ilana N., Adabi, Maryam, Adair, Tim, Adamu, Abdu A., Adebayo, Oladimeji M., Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adelson, Jaimie D., Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O., Adham, Davoud, Advani, Shailesh M., Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshari, Mahdi, Afshin, Ashkan, Agardh, Emilie E., Agarwal, Gina, Agasthi, Pradyumna, Agesa, Kareha M., Aghaali, Mohammad, Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmadpour, Ehsan, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aji, Budi, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akombi, Blessing, Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alam, Samiah, Alam, Tahiya, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M., Albertson, Samuel B., Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth, Alema, Niguse Meles, Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun, Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta, Alhabib, Khalid F., Alhassan, Robert Kaba, Ali, Muhammad, Ali, Saqib, Alicandro, Gianfranco, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alinia, Cyrus, Alipour, Vahid, Alizade, Hesam, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alla, Francois, Allebeck, Peter, Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad, Almasi, Ali, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Almasri, Nihad A., Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M., Almulhim, Abdulaziz M., Alonso, Jordi, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M., Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alumran, Arwa Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J., Amare, Azmeraw T., Amare, Bekalu, Amini, Saeed, Amini-Rarani, Mostafa, Aminorroaya, Arya, Amiri, Fatemeh, Amit, Arianna Maever L., Amugsi, Dickson A., Amul, Gianna Gayle Herrera, Anbesu, Etsay Woldu, Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderlini, Deanna, Anderson, Jason A., Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Androudi, Sofia, Angus, Colin, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Ansari, Iman, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Antony, Catherine M., Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, Anvari, Davood, Anwer, Razique, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y., Arba, Aseb Arba Kinfe, Aremu, Olatunde, Ariani, Filippo, Aripov, Timur, Armoon, Bahram, Arnlov, Johan, Arowosegbe, Oluwaseyi Olalekan, Aryal, Krishna K., Arzani, Afsaneh, Asaad, Malke, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A., Asgari, Samaneh, Asghari, Babak, Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asghari, Ashbaugh, Charlie, Assmus, Michael, Atafar, Zahra, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi, Atre, Sachin R., Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan, Ausloos, Floriane, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel Gbenato Arthur, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Aynalem, Getie Lake, Aynalem, Yared Asmare, Ayza, Muluken Altaye, Azari, Samad, Azarian, Ghasem, Azene, Zelalem Nigussie, Azhar, Gulrez, Azzopardi, Peter S., Darshan, B. B., Babaee, Ebrahim, Badawi, Alaa, Badiye, Ashish D., Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba, Bagli, Eleni, Bahrami, Mohammad Amin, Baig, Atif Amin, Bairwa, Mohan, Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein, Bakhtiari, Ahad, Bakkannavar, Shankar M., Balachandran, Arun, Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar, Balalla, Shivanthi, Balassyano, Shelly, Baldasseroni, Alberto, Ball, Kylie, Ballew, Shoshana H., Balzi, Daniela, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Srikanta K., Banik, Palash Chandra, Bannick, Marlena S., Bante, Agegnehu Bante, Bante, Simachew Animen, Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegziabher, Barboza, Miguel A., Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Barnighausen, Till Winfried, Barrero, Lope H., Barthelemy, Celine M., Barua, Lingkan, Barzegar, Akbar, Basaleem, Huda, Bassat, Quique, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T., Bayati, Mohsen, Baye, Bayisa Abdissa, Bazmandegan, Gholamreza, Becker, Jacob S., Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Bejot, Yannick, Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye Tesfaye, Bell, Michelle L., Bello, Aminu K., Bender, Rose G., Bennett, Derrick A., Bennitt, Fiona B., Bensenor, Isabela M., Benziger, Catherine P., Berhe, Kidanemaryam, Berman, Adam E., Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S., Bertolacci, Gregory J., Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhageerathy, Reshmi, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhandari, Dinesh, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhat, Anusha Ganapati, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bibi, Sadia, Biehl, Molly H., Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bilano, Ver, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Biondi, Antonio, Birihane, Binyam Minuye, Bisanzio, Donal, Bisignano, Catherine, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Bitew, Helen, Bjorge, Tone, Bockarie, Moses John, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Bohluli, Mehdi, Bojia, Hunduma Amensisa, Bolla, Srinivasa Rao, Boloor, Archith, Boon-Dooley, Alexandra S., Borges, Guilherme, Borzi, Antonio Maria, Borzouei, Shiva, Bose, Dipan, Bosetti, Cristina, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert, Brady, Oliver J., Braithwaite, Dejana, Brauer, Michael, Brayne, Carol, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Breitner, Susanne, Brenner, Hermann, Breusov, Alexey V., Briant, Paul Svitil, Briggs, Andrew M., Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Britton, Gabrielle B., Brugha, Traolach, Bryazka, Dana, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Bumgarner, Blair R., Burkart, Katrin, Burnett, Richard Thomas, Nagaraja, Sharath Burugina, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A., Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Cahill, Leah E., Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Cai, Tianji, Callender, Charlton S. K. H., Camera, Luis Alberto, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R., Rincon, Julio Cesar Campuzano, Cao, Jackie, Car, Josip, Cardenas, Rosario, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J., Carvalho, Felix, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castelpietra, Giulio, Castle, Chris D., Castro, Emma, Castro, Franz, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Causey, Kate, Cederroth, Christopher R., Cercy, Kelly M., Cerin, Ester, Chalek, Julian, Chandan, Joht Singh, Chang, Alex R., Chang, Angela Y., Chang, Jung-Chen, Chang, Kai-Lan, Charan, Jaykaran, Charlson, Fiona J., Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaturvedi, Sarika, Cherbuin, Nicolas, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chin, Ken Lee, Chirinos-Caceres, Jesus Lorenzo, Cho, Daniel Youngwhan, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Christensen, Hanne, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chung, Michael T., Chung, Sheng-Chia, Cicuttini, Flavia M., Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Cislaghi, Beniamino, Classen, Thomas Khaled Dwayne, Cohen, Aaron J., Collins, Emma L., Comfort, Haley, Compton, Kelly, Conti, Sara, Cooper, Owen R., Corso, Barbara, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Costa, Vera Marisa, Cousin, Ewerton, Cowden, Richard G., Cowie, Benjamin C., Cromwell, Elizabeth A., Croneberger, Andrew J., Cross, Di H., Cross, Marita, Crowe, Christopher Stephen, Cruz, Jessica A., Cummins, Steven, Cunningham, Matthew, Dahlawi, Saad M. A., Dai, Haijiang, Dai, Hancheng, Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura, Damiani, Giovanni, D'Amico, Emanuele, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Daneshpajouhnejad, Parnaz, Dangel, William James, Danielsson, Anna-Karin, Gela, Jiregna Darega, Dargan, Paul I., Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Daryani, Ahmad, Das, Jai K., Das Gupta, Rajat, Das Neves, Jose, Dash, Aditya Prasad, Davey, Gail, Davila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, Davis, Adrian C., Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, Davletov, Kairat, De Leo, Diego, De Neve, Jan-Walter, Dean, Frances E., DeCleene, Nicole K., Deen, Amanda, Degenhardt, Louisa, DeLang, Marissa, Dellavalle, Robert Paul, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Demsie, Desalegn Getnet, Denova-Gutierrez, Edgar, Dereje, Nebiyu Dereje, Deribe, Kebede, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Desai, Rupak, Desalew, Assefa, Dessie, Getenet Ayalew, Deuba, Keshab, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, Dianatinasab, Mostafa, da Silva, Diana Dias, Diaz, Daniel, Forooshani, Zahra Sadat Dibaji, Dichgans, Martin, Didarloo, Alireza, Dingels, Zachary V., Dippenaar, Ilse N., Dirac, M. Ashworth, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Hoa Thi, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Dolecek, Christiane, Dolgert, Andrew J., Dorostkar, Fariba, Doshi, Chirag P., Doshi, Pratik P., Doshmangir, Leila, Douiri, Abdel, Doxey, Matthew C., Doyle, Kerrie E., Driscoll, Tim Robert, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Dunachie, Susanna J., Duncan, Bruce B., Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, Eagan, Arielle Wilder, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Kalan, Mohammad Ebrahimi, Edvardsson, David, Effiong, Andem, Ehrlich, Joshua R., El Nahas, Nevine, El Sayed, Iman, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, El Tantawi, Maha, Elbarazi, Iffat, Elgendy, Islam Y., Elhabashy, Hala Rashad, El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I., Elsharkawy, Aisha, Elyazar, Iqbal R. F., Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, Emmons-Bell, Sophia, Erskine, Holly E., Eshrati, Babak, Eskandari, Khalil, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esmaeilnejad, Saman, Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz, Esteghamati, Alireza, Esteghamati, Sadaf, Estep, Kara, Etemadi, Arash, Etisso, Atkilt Esaiyas, Ezekannagha, Oluchi, Fanzo, Jessica, Farag, Tamer, Farahmand, Mohammad, Faraj, Anwar, Faraon, Emerito Jose A., Fareed, Mohammad, Faridnia, Roghiyeh, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa, Farioli, Andrea, Faris, Pawan Sirwan, Faro, Andre, Faruque, Mithila, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fattahi, Nazir, Fazaeli, Ali Akbar, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, Feigin, Valery L., Feldman, Rachel, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Ferrara, Giannina, Ferrara, Pietro, Ferrari, Alize J., Ferreira, Manuela L., Feyissa, Garumma Tolu, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fisher, James L., Fitzgerald, Ryan, Flohr, Carsten, Flor, Luisa Sorio, Foigt, Nataliya A., Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, Force, Lisa M., Fornari, Carla, Foroutan, Masoud, Fox, Jack T., Francis, Joel Msafiri, Frank, Tahvi D., Franklin, Richard Charles, Freitas, Marisa, Fu, Weijia, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fukutaki, Kai, Fuller, John E., Fullman, Nancy, Furtado, Joao M., Gad, Mohamed M., Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Galles, Natalie C., Gallus, Silvano, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gardner, William M., Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Gebrehiwot, Abiyu Mekonnen, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork, Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn, Gebremeskel, Leake G., Gebresillassie, Begashaw Melaku, Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Ayalew, Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea, Geremew, Abraham, Hayoon, Anna Gershberg, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Gething, Peter W., Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghadimi, Maryam, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Ghaffarifar, Fatemeh, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghajar, Alireza, Ghamari, Farhad, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghiasvand, Hesam, Ghith, Nermin, Gholamian, Asadollah, Ghosh, Rakesh, Giampaoli, Simona, Gilani, Syed Amir, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gill, Tiffany K., Gillum, Richard F., Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed, Ginindza, Themba G., Gitimoghaddam, Mojgan, Giussani, Giorgia, Glagn, Mustefa, Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna, Gnedovskaya, Elena V., Godinho, Myron Anthony, Goharinezhad, Salime, Golechha, Mahaveer, Goli, Srinivas, Gomez, Ricardo Santiago, Gona, Philimon N., Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goren, Emily, Gorini, Giuseppe, Gorman, Taren M., Gottlich, Harrison Chase, Goudarzi, Houman, Goudarzian, Amir Hossein, Goulart, Alessandra C., Goulart, Barbara Niegia Garcia, Grada, Ayman, Greaves, Felix, Grivna, Michal, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, Gudi, Nachiket, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guimaraes, Andre Luiz Sena, Guimaraes, Rafael Alves, Guled, Rashid Abdi, Gultie, Teklemariam, Guo, Gaorui, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Sharan, Subodh, Gupta, Tarun, Haagsma, Juanita A., Hachinski, Vladimir, Haddock, Beatrix, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hafiz, Abdul, Hagins, Hailey, Haile, Lydia M., Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hall, Brian J., Halvaei, Iman, Hamadeh, Randah R., Abdullah, Kanaan Hamagharib, Hameed, Sajid, Hamidi, Samer, Hamilton, Erin B., Hammer, Melanie S., Han, Chieh, Han, Hannah, Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes, Hanif, Asif, Hankey, Graeme J., Haririan, Hamidreza, Haro, Josep Maria, Harvey, James D., Hasaballah, Ahmed I., Hasan, Md Mehedi, Hasanpoor, Edris, Hasanzadeh, Amir, Hashemian, Maryam, Hashi, Abdiwahab, Hassan, Amr, Hassan, Shoaib, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassankhani, Hadi, Havmoeller, Rasmus J., Hay, Roderick J., Hay, Simon I., Hayat, Khezar, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari, Behnam, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, Hendrie, Delia, Henny, Kiana, Henok, Andualem, Henrikson, Hannah J., Henry, Nathaniel J., Herbert, Molly E., Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Hird, Thomas R., Ho, Hung Chak, Hoek, Hans W., Hole, Michael K., Holla, Ramesh, Hollingsworth, Bruce, Hoogar, Praveen, Hopf, Kathleen Pillsbury, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Hoy, Damian G., Hsairi, Mohamed, Hsiao, Thomas, Hsieh, Vivian Chia-Rong, Hu, Guoqing, Hu, Kejia, Huda, Tanvir M., Hugo, Fernando N., Humayun, Ayesha, Hussain, Rabia, Huynh, Chantal K., Hwang, Bing-Fang, Iannucci, Vincent C., Iavicoli, Ivo, Ibeneme, Charles Ugochukwu, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ikeda, Nayu, Ikuta, Kevin S., Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M., Ilic, Milena D., Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan, Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, Ippolito, Helen, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Islam, M. Mofizul, Islam, MdMohaimenul, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islami, Farhad, Iso, Hiroyasu, Ivers, Rebecca Q., Iwu, Chidozie C. D., Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi, Jaafari, Jalil, Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad, Jafari, Hussain, Jafarinia, Morteza, Jahagirdar, Deepa, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jalali, Amir, Jalilian, Farzad, James, Spencer L., Janjani, Hosna, Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar, Javaheri, Tahereh, Javidnia, Javad, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S., Jia, Peng, Johansson, Lars, John, Oommen, John-Akinola, Yetunde O., Johnson, Catherine Owens, Johnson, Sarah Charlotte, Jonas, Jost B., Joo, Tamas, Joshi, Ankur, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jurisson, Mikk, Kabir, Ali, Kabir, Zubair, Kalani, Hamed, Kalani, Rizwan, Kalankesh, Leila R., Kalhor, Rohollah, Kamath, Aruna M., Kamiab, Zahra, Kanchan, Tanuj, Kapoor, Neeti, Matin, Behzad Karami, Karanikolos, Marina, Karch, Andre, Karim, Mohd Anisul, Karimi, Salah Eddin, Karimi, Seyed Asaad, Karimi, Seyed M., Kasa, Ayele Semachew, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kawakami, Norito, Kayode, Gbenga A., Karyani, Ali Kazemi, Keddie, Suzanne H., Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Keller, Cathleen, Kemmer, Laura, Kendrick, Parkes J., Kereselidze, Maia, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khalid, Nauman, Khammarnia, Mohammad, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khan, Maseer, Khang, Young-Ho, Khatab, Khaled, Khater, Amir M., Khater, Mona M., Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khazaei, Salman, Khazaie, Habibolah, Khodayari, Mohammad Taghi, Khoja, Abdullah T., Khubchandani, Jagdish, Khundkar, Roba, Kianipour, Neda, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Cho-Il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Young-Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kinfu, Yohannes, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivimaki, Mika, Kneib, Cameron J., Knibbs, Luke D., Knight, Megan, Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, Kocarnik, Jonathan M., Kochhar, Sonali, Koh, David S. Q., Kohler, Stefan, Kolola, Tufa, Komaki, Hamidreza, Kopec, Jacek A., Korotkova, Anna V., Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich, Kosen, Soewarta, Kotlo, Anirudh, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kraemer, Moritz U. G., Kravchenko, Michael A., Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kris J., Kromhout, Hans, Shaji, K. S., Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kugbey, Nuworza, Kulkarni, Vaman, Kumar, G. Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Kumar, Nithin, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kumar, Vivek, Kumaresh, Girikumar, Kurmi, Om P., Kusuma, Dian, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lacey, Ben, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lam, Jennifer O., Lami, Faris Hasan, Lan, Qing, Landires, Ivan, Lang, Justin J., Langan, Sinead M., Lansingh, Van Charles, Lansky, Sonia, Larson, Heidi Jane, Larson, Samantha Leigh, Larsson, Anders, Lasrado, Savita, Lassi, Zohra S., Lau, Kathryn Mei-Ming, Lauriola, Paolo, Lavados, Pablo M., Lazarus, Jeffrey V., Leal, Lisiane F., Leasher, Janet L., Ledesma, Jorge R., Lee, Paul H., Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, Leever, Andrew T., LeGrand, Kate E., Leigh, James, Leonardi, Matilde, Lescinsky, Haley, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Lewington, Sarah, Li, Bingyu, Li, Shanshan, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lin, Christine, Lin, Ro-Ting, Linehan, Christine, Linn, Shai, Listl, Stefan, Liu, Hung-Chun, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Simin, Liu, Xuefeng, Liu, Yang, Liu, Zichen, Lo, Justin, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Looker, Katharine J., Lopez, Alan D., Lopez, Jaifred Christian F., Lopukhov, Platon D., Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, Rafael, Lu, Alton, Lucas, Tim C. D., Lugo, Alessandra, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lyons, Ronan A., Ma, Jianing, Machado, Daiane Borges, MacLachlan, Jennifer H., Madadin, Mohammed, Maddison, Emilie R., Maddison, Ralph, Madotto, Fabiana, Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy, Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy, Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi, Mahmoudi, Morteza, Mai, Hue Thi, Majeed, Azeem, Malagon-Rojas, Jeadran N., Maled, Venkatesh, Maleki, Afshin, Maleki, Shokofeh, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manafi, Amir, Manafi, Navid, Manda, Ana Laura, Manguerra, Helena, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Herrera, Ana M. Mantilla, Mapoma, Chabila Christopher, Maravilla, Joemer C., Marks, Ashley, Martin, Randall V., Martini, Santi, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio, Martopullo, Ira, Masaka, Anthony, Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra, Massano, Joao, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mastrogiacomo, Claudia I., Mathur, Manu Raj, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Maulik, Pallab K., May, Erin A., Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J., Mckee, Martin, Medina-Solis, Carlo Eduardo, Meharie, Birhanu Geta, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Nasab, Entezar Mehrabi, Mehri, Fereshteh, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mehta, Kala M., Meitei, Wahengbam Bigyananda, Mekonnen, Teferi, Melese, Addisu, Memiah, Peter T. N., Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G., Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, Mengesha, Meresa Berwo, Mensah, George A., Mereke, Alibek, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Milne, George J., Mini, G. K., Miri, Mohammad, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Maryam, Mirzaei, Roya, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Mitchell, Philip B., Mithra, Prasanna, Moazen, Babak, Moghadaszadeh, Masoud, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohamad, Osama, Mohamadi, Efat, Mohammad, Dara K., Mohammad, Yousef, Mezerji, Naser Mohammad Gholi, Mohammadbeigi, Abolfazl, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Ammas Siraj, Mohammed, Hussen, Mohammed, Jemal Abdu, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Bandpei, Mohammad A. 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M., Zlavog, Bianca S., Zodpey, Sanjay, Lim, Stephen S., Murray, Christopher J. L.

المصدر: The Lancet. 396(10258):1204-1222

الوصف: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990-2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0-9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10-24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10-24 years were also in the top ten in the 25-49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50-74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and development investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Copyright (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

وصف الملف: electronic

URL الوصول: https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-441109
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9
https://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1547284/FULLTEXT01.pdf

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المؤلفون: Vos, Theo, Lim, Stephen S, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M, Abbasi, Mohammad, Abbasifard, Mitra, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abolhassani, Hassan, Aboyans, Victor, Abrams, Elissa M, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrigo, Michael R M, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I, Acebedo, Alyssa, Ackerman, Ilana N, Adabi, Maryam, Adamu, Abdu A, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adelson, Jaimie D, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adham, Davoud, Afshari, Mahdi, Afshin, Ashkan, Agardh, Emilie E, Agarwal, Gina, Agesa, Kareha M, Aghaali, Mohammad, Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmadpour, Ehsan, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akombi, Blessing, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alam, Samiah, Alam, Tahiya, Alanzi, Turki M, Albertson, Samuel B, Alcalde-Rabanal, 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المصدر: The Lancet; October 2020, Vol. 396 Issue: 10258 p1204-1222, 19p

مستخلص: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries.

المؤلفون: Abbafati, C., Machado, D.B., Cislaghi, B., Salman, O.M., Karanikolos, M., McKee, M., Abbas, K.M., Brady, O.J., Larson, H.J., Trias-Llimós, S., Cummins, S., Langan, S.M., Sartorius, B., Hafiz, A., Jenabi, E., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N., Borzouei, S., Azarian, G., Khazaei, S., Abbasi, M., Asghari, B., Masoumi, S., Komaki, H., Taherkhani, A., Adabi, M., Abbasifard, M., Bazmandegan, G., Kamiab, Z., Vakilian, A., Anjomshoa, M., Mokari, A., Sabour, S., Shahbaz, M., Saeedi, R., Ahmadieh, H., Yousefinezhadi, T., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Nikbakhsh, R., Safi, S., Asgari, S., Irvani, S.N., Jahanmehr, N., Ramezanzadeh, K., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Khayamzadeh, M., Abbastabar, H., Shirkoohi, R., Fazlzadeh, M., Janjani, H., Hosseini, M., Mansournia, M., Tohidinik, H., Bakhtiari, A., Fazaeli, A., Mousavi, S., Hasanzadeh, A., Nabavizadeh, B., Malekzadeh, R., Hashemian, M., Pourshams, A., Salimzadeh, H., Sepanlou, S.G., Afarideh, M., Esteghamati, A., Esteghamati, S., Ghajar, A., Heidari, B., Rezaei, N., Mohamadi, E., Rahimi-Movaghar, A., Rahim, F., Eskandarieh, S., Sahraian, M., Mohebi, F., Aminorroaya, A., Ebrahimi, H., Farzadfar, F., Mohajer, B., Pishgar, F., Saeedi Moghaddam, S., Shabani, M., Zarafshan, H., Abolhassani, H., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Heidari-Soureshjani, R., Abdollahi, M., Farahmand, M., Salamati, P., Mehrabi Nasab, E., Tajdini, M., Aghamir, S., Mirzaei, R., Dibaji Forooshani, Z., Khater, M.M., Abd-Allah, F., Abdelalim, A., Abualhasan, A., El-Jaafary, S.I., Hassan, A., Elsharkawy, A., Khater, A.M., Elhabashy, H.R., Salem, M.R.R., Salem, H., Sadeghi, M., Jafarinia, M., Amini-Rarani, M., Mohammadifard, N., Sarrafzadegan, N., Abdollahpour, I., Sarveazad, A., Tehrani-Banihashemi, A., Yoosefi Lebni, J., Manafi, N., Pazoki Toroudi, H., Dorostkar, F., Alipour, V., Sheikhtaheri, A., Arabloo, J., Azari, S., Ghashghaee, A., Rezapour, A., Naserbakht, M., Kabir, A., Mehri, F., Yousefifard, M., Asadi-Aliabadi, M., Babaee, E., Eshrati, B., Goharinezhad, S., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Abedi, P., Rashedi, V., Kumar, V., Elgendy, I.Y., Basu, S., Park, J., Pereira, A., Norheim, O.F., Eagan, A.W., Cahill, L.E., Sheikh, A., Abushouk, A.I., Kraemer, M.U.G., Thakur, B., Bärnighausen, T.W., Shrime, M.G., Abedi, A., Doshi, C.P., Abegaz, K.H., Geberemariyam, B.S., Aynalem, Y.A., Shiferaw, W.S., Abosetugn, A.E., Aboyans, V., Abrams, E.M., Gitimoghaddam, M., Kissoon, N., Stubbs, J.L., Brauer, M., Iyamu, I.O., Kopec, J.A., Pourmalek, F., Ribeiro, A.P., Malta, D.C., Gomez, R.S., Abreu, L.G., Abrigo, M.R.M., Almulhim, A.M., Dahlawi, S.M.A., Pottoo, F.H., Menezes, R.G., Alanzi, T.M., Alumran, A.K., Abu Haimed, A.K., Madadin, M., Alanezi, F.M., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Saddik, B., Abu-Raddad, L.J., Samy, A.M., El Nahas, N., Shalash, A.S., Nabhan, A.F., Kamath, A.M., Kassebaum, N.J., Aravkin, A.Y., Kochhar, S., Sorensen, R.J.D., Afshin, A., Burkart, K., Cromwell, E.A., Dandona, L., Dharmaratne, S.D., Gakidou, E., Hay, S.I., Kyu, H.H., Lopez, A.D., Lozano, R., Misganaw, A.T., Mokdad, A.H., Naghavi, 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N.I., Lopukhov, P.D., Glushkova, E.V., Korshunov, V.A., Polibin, R.V., Jakovljevic, M., Briko, A.N., Britton, G.B., Castro, F., Moreno Velásquez, I., Burnett, R.T., Burugina Nagaraja, S., Busse, R., Butt, Z.A., Caetano dos Santos, F., Cai, T., Hall, B.J., Cahuana Hurtado, Lucero, Cámera, L.A., Valdez, P.R., Tudor Car, L., Cárdenas, R., Gorini, G., Carreras, G., Fernandes, E., Freitas, M., Pereira, D.M., Santos, J.V., Ribeiro, D., Pinheiro, M., Massano, J., das Neves, J., Dias da Silva, D., Carvalho, F., Costa, V.M., Silva, J.P., Morgado-da-Costa, J., Castelpietra, G., Catalá-López, F., Pakhale, S., Cerin, E., Yip, P., Ho, H., Chang, J., Chang, A.R., Chang, K., Cooper, O.R., Chaturvedi, S., Chimed-Ochir, O., Chirinos-Caceres, J.L., Choi, J.J., Christensen, H., Truelsen, T.C., Chu, D., Kivimäki, M., Chung, S., Kumar, M., Ward, J.L., Chung, M.T., Cirillo, M., Virclo, R., Classen, T.K.D., Lauriola, P., Corso, B., Hugo, F.N., Kieling, C., Cousin, E., Duncan, B.B., Goulart, B.N.G., Schmidt, M.I., Stein, C., Cowden, R.G., MacLachlan, J.H., Leigh, J., Cross, M., Ferreira, M.L., Smith, E.U.R., Driscoll, T.R., Huda, T.M., Hoy, D.G., Horita, N., Cross, D.H., Dai, H., Hu, G., Damasceno, A.A.M., Damiani, G., La Vecchia, C., Sanabria, J., Pandey, A., Mathur, M.R., Zodpey, S., Kumar, G., Lal, D.K., Hamagharib Abdullah, K., Hosseinzadeh, M., Darwesh, A.M., Faraj, A., Omar Bali, A., Das Gupta, R., Dash, A.P., Davey, G., Deribe, K., Gebremedhin, K.B., Wondmieneh, A.B., Dereje, N.D., Dávila-Cervantes, C.A., Davletov, K., Mereke, A., Serdar, B., Haile, T.G., Tadesse, D.B., Weldesamuel, G.T., Demoz, G.T., Woldu, G., Handiso, D., Dervenis, N., Topouzis, F., Desai, R., Dhungana, G.P., Emamian, M., Diaz, D., Djalalinia, S., Nguyen, T.H., Vu, G.T., Do, H.T., Dokova, K., Doku, D.T., Neupane, S., Takala, J.S., Doxey, M.C., Doyle, K.E., Renzaho, A.M.N., Ogbo, F.A., Robinson, S.R., Vukovic, A., Ilic, I.M., Santric-Milicevic, M.M., Vujcic, I.S., Dubljanin, E., Vukovic, R., Rasella, D., Duraes, A.R., Ebrahimi Kalan, M., Effiong, A., Pond, C.D., Ehrlich, J.R., Liu, X., Wei, M.Y.W., El Sayed, I., El Tantawi, M., El Sayed Zaki, M., Elbarazi, I., Tsai, A.C., Elyazar, I.R., Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V., Eskandari, K., Sharifi, H., Halvaei, I., Ghaffarifar, F., Zaki, L., Hasanpoor, E., Esmaeilzadeh, F., Etemadi, A., Lan, Q., Yeheyis, T.Y., Etisso, A.E., Ezekannagha, O., e Farinha, C.S., Farioli, A., Violante, F.S., Faris, P.S., Faro, A., Lam, J.O., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Flor, L.S., Foigt, N.A., Folayan, M.O., Fomenkov, A.A., Foroutan, M., Francis, J.M., Franklin, R.C., Fukumoto, T., Gamkrelidze, A., Kereselidze, M., Garcia-Basteiro, A.L., Lazarus, J.V., Straif, K., Ghiasvand, H., Ghith, N., Norrving, B., Mehta, K.M., Mohamad, O., Salama, J.S., Ghosh, R., Giampaoli, S., Gilani, S., Hameed, S., Hanif, A., Rana, S.M., Uthman, O.A., Gill, P.S., Gillum, R.F., Ginawi, I.A., Ginindza, T.G., Tlou, B., Tanser, F.C., Gnedovskaya, E.V., Kravchenko, M.A., Piradov, M.A., Golechha, M., Goli, S., Milne, G.J., Schlaich, M.P., Hankey, G.J., Gona, P.N., Gopalani, S.V., Goudarzi, H., Rawassizadeh, R., Grada, A., Nsoesie, E.O., Javaheri, T., Steel, N., Gubari, M.I.M., Gugnani, H.C., Guimaraes, A.L.S., Guimarães, R.A., Guled, R.A., Senbeta, A.M., Hashi, A., Omer, M.O., Yousuf, A.Y., Gupta, S.S., Gupta, T., Gupta, R., Haagsma, J.A., Polinder, S., Hachinski, V., Stranges, S., Hamadeh, R.R., Hamidi, S., Tabarés-Seisdedos, R., Tyrovolas, S., Hasaballah, A.I., Hassanipour, S., Joukar, F., Mansour-Ghanaei, F., Jaafari, J., Havmoeller, R.J., Hayat, K., Heibati, B., Heidari, G., Henok, A., Hird, T.R., Moraga, P., Sigfusdottir, I.D., Phillips, M.R., Hole, M.K., Hollingsworth, B., Hopf, K.P., Hosgood, H., Hossain, N., Mai, H.T., Nguyen, C.T., Nguyen, D.N., Nguyen, H.L.T., Pham, H.Q., Househ, M., Hsairi, M., Lin, R., Hsieh, V., Hwang, B., Hu, K., Humayun, A., Hussain, R., Ibeneme, C.U., Ikeda, N., Ilic, M.D., Inbaraj, L.R., Iqbal, U., Islami, F., Yamagishi, K., Iso, H., Iwu, C.C.D., Jacobsen, K.H., Jayatilleke, A.U., Jeemon, P., Jha, R.P., Jia, P., Osei, F.B., Schutte, A.E., Johansson, L., Szócska, M., Joo, T., Jozwiak, J.J., Jürisson, M., Kabir, Z., Roshandel, G., Oladnabi, M., Kalani, H., Kassa, G.M., Katikireddi, S.V., Yamada, T., Nomura, S., Kawakami, N., Kayode, G.A., Kromhout, H., Traini, E., Keiyoro, P.N., Muriithi, M.K., Wamai, R.G., Khader, Y.S., Khalid, N., Khan, E.A., Khang, Y., Khatab, K., Khubchandani, J., Kim, Y., Yoon, S., Shin, M., Kim, C., Kim, D., Kimokoti, R.W., Kinfu, Y., Kisa, S., Kisa, A., Kissimova-Skarbek, K., Topor-Madry, R., Lallukka, T., Meretoja, T.J., Shivakumar, K.M., Knudsen, A.S., Sulo, G., Kosen, S., Kotlo, A., Koul, P.A., Krishan, K., KS, S., Kuate Defo, B., Kucuk Bicer, B., Yuce, D., Rawat, R., Meitei, W.B., Kumar, P., Singh, P., Kumaresh, G., Lami, F.H., Landires, I., Nunez-Samudio, V., Landires, Lansingh, V.C., Lansky, S., Larsson, A.O., Lasrado, S., Lavados, P.M., Leasher, J.L., Leonardi, M., Raggi, A., Sattin PsyD, S Schiavolin, D., Li, B., Lim, L., Takahashi, K., Linehan, C., Linn, S., Shuval, K., Listl, S., Zhou, M., Liu, S., Logroscino, G., Looker, K.J., Lorkowski, S., Lunevicius, R., Lyons, R.A., Madotto, F., Magdy Abd El Razek, H., Magdy Abd El Razek, M., Mahmoudi, M., Maled, V., Moradi, G., Maleki, A., Manafi, A., Mapoma, C., Martini, S., Martins-Melo, F.R., Masaka, A., McAlinden, C., Momen, N.C., Plana-Ripoll, O., Medina-Solís, C.E., Meharie, B., Mehndiratta, M., Mehrotra, R., Suliankatchi Abdulkader, R., Mekonnen, T., Memiah, P.T.N., Wallin, M.T., Memish, Z.A., Mendoza, W., Mestrovic, T., Miazgowski, B., Miazgowski, T., Michalek, I., Mini, G., Miri, M., Mirrakhimov, E.M., Mirzaei, H., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammadpourhodki, R., Sahebkar, A., Mohammed, H., Sufiyan, M.B., Mohseni Bandpei, M.A., Monasta, L., Ronfani, L., Mondello, S., Moradi-Joo, M., Morawska, L., Mousavi Khaneghah, A., Westerman, R., Werdecker, A., Mueller, U.O., Mukhopadhyay, S., Musa, K., Mustafa, G., Nagarajan, A.J., Nagel, G., Rothenbacher, D., Naik, G., Schwebel, D.C., Singh, J.A., Naimzada, M., Otstavnov, N., Otstavnov, S.S., Soshnikov, S., Titova, M.V., Nair, S., Naldi, L., Nangia, V., Nansseu, J., Sobngwi, E., Nguefack-Tsague, G., Ndejjo, R., Ngari, K.N., Ngunjiri, J.W., Nigatu, Y.T., Oancea, B., Oh, I., Okunga, E.W., Olusanya, J.O., Olusanya, B.O., Ong, S., Onwujekwe, O.E., Ortega-Altamirano, D.V., Ortiz, A., Soriano, J.B., Osarenotor, O., Ostojic, S.M., Vlassov, V., Pa, M., Pangaribuan, H.U., Park, E., Pasupula, D., Patel, J.R., Patel, S.K., Paternina-Caicedo, A.J., Pathak, M., Patten, S.B., Tonelli, M., Weintraub, R.G., Paudel, S., Pepito, V.F., Thurston, G.D., Peprah, E.K., Pereira, J., Pescarini, J.M., Piccinelli, C., Pilgrim, T., Plass, D., Pokhrel, K.N., Prada, S.I., Prakash, V., Prakash, S., Prasad, N., Shigematsu, M., Pribadi, D.R.A., Sudaryanto, A., Rabiee, M., Radfar, A., Ranabhat, C.L., Ranta, A., Ribeiro, D.C., Rao, S., Rawal, L., Renjith, V., Rickard, J., Roever, L., Romoli, M., Rostamian, M., Rubagotti, E., Rwegerera, G.M., Ullah, S., Sajadi, S., Salam, N., Salomon, J.A., Salz, I., Saraswathy, S.Y., Sarmiento-Suárez, R., Sathian, B., Savic, M., Saylan, M., Schwendicke, F., Sekerija, M., Senthilkumaran, S., Sha, F., Shaheen, A.A., Shaikh, M.A., Shamsizadeh, M., Shannawaz, M., Sharma, R., Shin, J., Shiri, R., Sierpinski, R., Sigurvinsdottir, R., Silva, D.A.S., Simonetti, B., Singh, A., Sinha, D.N., Skiadaresi, E., Skou, S.T., Skryabin, V.Y., Zastrozhin, M.S., Soheili, A., Sokhan, A., Somefun, O.D., Korotkova, A.V., Soyiri, I.N., Sreeramareddy, C.T., Srinivasan, V., Sripada, K., Stovner, L.J., Stockfelt, L., Sultan, I., Swope, C.B., Vaicekonyte, R., Sykes, B.L., Szumowski, L., Tabb, K.M., Tabuchi, T., Taddele, B.W., Tahir, Z., Tareque, M.I., Tarigan, I.U., Taveira, N., Thankappan, K.R., Thomas, N., Varughese, S., Touvier, M., Tran, B.X., Tsatsakis, A., Vardavas, C., Ullah, I., Umeokonkwo, C.D., Undurraga, E.A., Upadhyay, E., Vasankari, T.J., Vasconcelos, A.N., Veisani, Y., Vidale, S., Waheed, Y., Wei, J., Wang, F., Zhao, X.G., Yu, C., Zhang, Z., Weiss, J., Wiangkham, T., Wickramasinghe, N.D., Wu, A., Xie, Y., Xu, G., Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S., Yilgwan, C.S., Yonemoto, N., Younis, M.Z., Younker, T.P., Yu, Y., Zaidi, S., Zhang, Y., Zheleva, B., Zhu, C., GBD 2019 Demographics Collaborators

المساهمون: Public Health, Tampere University, Tays Research Services, Health Sciences, Wang, Hd, Abbas, Km, Abbasifard, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, Lg, Abrigo, Mrm, Abushouk, Ai, Adabi, M, Adair, T, Adebayo, Om, Adedeji, Ia, Adekanmbi, V, Adeoye, Am, Adetokunboh, Oo, Advani, Sm, Afshin, A, Aghaali, M, Agrawal, A, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, Mb, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, T, Alanezi, Fm, Alanzi, Tm, Alcalde-Rabanal, Je, Ali, M, Alicandro, G, Alijanzadeh, M, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Alizade, H, Aljunid, Sm, Allebeck, P, Almadi, Mah, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Al-Mekhlafi, Hm, Altirkawi, Ka, Alumran, Ak, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amini-Rarani, M, Aminorroaya, A, Amit, Aml, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, Cl, Androudi, S, Angus, C, Anjomshoa, M, Ansari, F, Ansari, I, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antonio, Cat, Antony, Cm, Anvari, D, Appiah, Scy, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aravkin, Ay, Aremu, O, Arnlov, J, Aryal, Kk, Asadi-Pooya, Aa, Asgari, S, Jafarabadi, Ma, Atteraya, M, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, Efga, Quintanilla, Bpa, Ayano, G, Ayanore, Ma, Azarian, G, Babaee, E, Badiye, Ad, Bagli, E, Bahrami, Ma, Bakhtiari, A, Balassyano, S, Banach, M, Banik, Pc, Barker-Collo, Sl, Barnighausen, Tw, Barzegar, A, Basu, S, Baune, Bt, Bayati, M, Bazmandegan, G, Bedi, N, Bell, Ml, Bennett, Da, Bensenor, Im, Berhe, K, Berman, Ae, Bertolacci, Gj, Bhageerathy, R, Bhala, N, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhutta, Za, Bijani, A, Biondi, A, Bisanzio, D, Bisignano, C, Biswas, Rk, Bjorge, T, Bohlouli, S, Bohluli, M, Bolla, Srr, Borzi, Am, Borzouei, S, Brady, Oj, Braithwaite, D, Brauer, M, Briko, An, Briko, Ni, Bumgarner, Br, Nagaraja, Sb, Butt, Za, dos Santos, Flc, Cai, Tj, Charlton, Skh, Camera, Llaa, Campos-Nonato, Ir, Cardenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, Jj, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, Jm, Castelpietra, G, Castro, F, Catala-Lopez, F, Cederroth, Cr, Cerin, E, Chattu, Vk, Chin, Kl, Chu, Dt, Ciobanu, Lg, Cirillo, M, Comfort, H, Costa, Vm, Cowden, Rg, Cromwell, Ea, Croneberger, Aj, Cunningham, M, Dahlawi, Sma, Damiani, G, D'Amico, E, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dargan, Pi, Darwesh, Am, Daryani, A, Das Gupta, R, das Neves, J, Davletov, K, De Leo, D, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Deribe, K, Dervenis, N, Desai, R, Dhungana, Gp, da Silva, Dd, Diaz, D, Dippenaar, In, Djalalinia, S, Do, Ht, Dokova, K, Doku, Dt, Dorostkar, F, Doshi, Cp, Doshmangir, L, Doyle, Ke, Dubljanin, E, Duraes, Ar, Edvardsson, D, Effiong, A, El Sayed, I, El Tantawi, M, Elbarazi, I, El-Jaafary, Si, Emamian, Mh, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Estep, K, Farahmand, M, Faraj, A, Fareed, M, Faridnia, R, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fattahi, N, Fazaeli, Aa, Fazlzadeh, M, Feigin, Vl, Fereshtehnejad, Sm, Fernandes, E, Ferreira, Ml, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flohr, C, Foigt, Na, Folayan, Mo, Fomenkov, Aa, Freitas, M, Fukumoto, T, Fuller, Je, Furtado, Jm, Gad, Mm, Gakidou, E, Gallus, S, Gebrehiwot, Am, Gebremedhin, Kb, Gething, Pw, Ghamari, F, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamian, A, Gilani, Sa, Gitimoghaddam, M, Glushkova, Ev, Gnedovskaya, Ev, Gopalani, Sv, Goulart, Ac, Gugnani, Hc, Guo, Ym, Gupta, R, Gupta, S, Haagsma, Ja, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Halvaei, I, Hamadeh, Rr, Abdullah, Kh, Han, C, Handiso, Dw, Hankey, Gj, Haririan, H, Haro, Jm, Hasaballah, Ai, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hay, Si, Heibati, B, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Henny, K, Henry, Nj, Herteliu, C, Heydarpour, F, Hole, Mk, Hoogar, P, Hosgood, Hd, Hossain, N, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hoy, Dg, Hu, Gq, Huda, Tm, Ibitoye, Se, Ikuta, K, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, Im, Ilic, Md, Imani-Nasab, Mh, Islam, M, Iso, H, Iwu, Cj, Jaafari, J, Jacobsen, Kh, Jahagirdar, D, Jahanmehr, N, Jalali, A, Jalilian, F, James, Sl, Janjani, H, Jenabi, E, Jha, Rp, Jha, V, Ji, J, Jonas, Jb, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, Jj, Jurisson, M, Kabir, Z, Kalani, H, Kalankesh, Lr, Kamiab, Z, Kanchan, T, Kapoor, N, Karch, A, Karimi, Se, Karimi, Sa, Kassebaum, Nj, Katikireddi, Sv, Kawakami, N, Kayode, Ga, Keiyoro, Pn, Keller, C, Khader, Y, Khalid, N, Khan, Ea, Khan, M, Khang, Yh, Khater, Am, Khater, Mm, Khazaei, S, Khazaie, H, Khodayari, Mt, Khubchandani, J, Kianipour, N, Kim, Ci, Kim, Ye, Kim, Yj, Kinfu, Y, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kissimova-Skarbek, K, Kivimaki, M, Komaki, H, Kopec, Ja, Kosen, S, Koul, Pa, Koyanagi, A, Kravchenko, Ma, Krishan, K, Krohn, Kj, Defo, Bk, Kumar, Ga, Kumar, M, Kumar, P, Kumar, V, Kusuma, D, Kyu, Hh, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lal, Dk, Lalloo, R, Lami, Fh, Lansky, S, Larson, Sl, Larsson, Ao, Lasrado, S, Lassi, Z, Lazarus, Jv, Lee, Ph, Lee, Swh, Leever, At, Legrand, Ke, Leonardi, M, Li, S, Lim, Ll, Lim, S, Linn, S, Lodha, R, Logroscino, G, Lopez, Ad, Lopukhov, Pd, Lotufo, Pa, Lozano, R, Lu, A, Lunevicius, R, Madadin, M, Maddison, Er, Abd El Razek, Hm, Abd El Razek, Mm, Mahasha, Pw, Mahdavi, Mm, Malekzadeh, R, Mamun, Aa, Manafi, N, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, Ma, Mapoma, Cc, Martini, S, Martins-Melo, Fr, Masaka, A, Mastrogiacomo, Ci, Mathur, Mr, May, Ea, Mcalinden, C, Mcgrath, Jj, Mckee, M, Mehndiratta, Mm, Mehri, F, Mehta, Km, Meitei, Wb, Memiah, Ptn, Mendoza, W, Menezes, Rg, Mengesha, Ew, Mensah, Ga, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, Tj, Mestrovic, T, Michalek, Im, Mihretie, Km, Miller, Tr, Mills, Ej, Milne, Gj, Mirrakhimov, Em, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei, M, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Misganaw, At, Moazen, B, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohamadi, E, Mohammad, Dk, Mohammad, Y, Mezerji, Nmg, Mohammadbeigi, A, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, H, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Bandpei, Mam, Mokari, A, Mokdad, Ah, Momen, Nc, Monasta, L, Mooney, Md, Moradi, G, Moradi, M, Moradi-Joo, M, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Velasquez, Im, Morgado-da-Costa, J, Morrison, Sd, Mosser, Jf, Mouodi, S, Mousavi, Sm, Khaneghah, Am, Mueller, Uo, Musa, Ki, Muthupandian, S, Nabavizadeh, B, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, Aj, Naghavi, M, Naghshtabrizi, B, Naik, G, Najafi, F, Nangia, V, Nansseu, Jr, Ndwandwe, De, Negoi, I, Negoi, Ri, Ngunjiri, Jw, Nguyen, Hlt, Nguyen, Th, Nigatu, Yt, Nikbakhsh, R, Nikpoor, Ar, Nixon, Mr, Nnaji, Ca, Nomura, S, Noubiap, Jj, Motlagh, Sn, Nowak, C, Otoiu, A, Odell, Cm, Oh, Ih, Oladnabi, M, Olagunju, At, Olusanya, Bo, Olusanya, Jo, Bali, Ao, Ong, Kl, Onwujekwe, Oe, Ortiz, A, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, S, Overland, S, Owolabi, Mo, Mahesh, Pa, Padubidri, Jr, Pakshir, K, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Park, J, Pasupula, Dk, Patel, Jr, Patel, Sk, Patton, Gc, Paulson, Kr, Toroudi, Hp, Pease, Sa, Peden, Ae, Pepito, Vcf, Peprah, Ek, Pereira, A, Pereira, Dm, Perico, N, Pigott, Dm, Pilgrim, T, Pilz, Tm, Piradov, Ma, Pirsaheb, M, Pokhrel, Kn, Postma, Mj, Pourjafar, H, Pourmalek, F, Pourshams, A, Poznanska, A, Prada, Si, Prakash, S, Preotescu, L, Quazi Syed, Z, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Raggi, A, Rahman, Ma, Rajabpour-Sanati, A, Ram, P, Ranabhat, Cl, Rao, Sj, Rasella, D, Rashedi, V, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawal, L, Remuzzi, G, Renjith, V, Renzaho, Amn, Resnikoff, S, Rezaei, N, Rezai, M, Rezapour, A, Rickard, J, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Rostamian, M, Rubagotti, E, Rwegerera, Gm, Sabour, S, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Sadeghi, M, Moghaddam, S, Safari, Y, Safi, S, Safiri, S, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, Ma, Sajadi, Sm, Salahshoor, Mr, Salama, J, Salamati, P, Salem, Mrr, Salimi, Y, Salomon, Ja, Salz, I, Samad, Z, Samy, Am, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, Mm, Saraswathy, Syi, Sartorius, B, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sathish, T, Sattin, D, Saylan, M, Schaeffer, Le, Schiavolin, S, Schwebel, Dc, Schwendicke, F, Sekerija, M, Senbeta, Am, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, Sg, Servan-Mori, E, Shabani, M, Shahabi, S, Shahbaz, M, Shaheen, Aa, Shaikh, Ma, Shalash, A, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Shamsi, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sharafi, Z, Sharara, F, Sharma, R, Shaw, Dh, Sheikh, A, Shin, Ji, Shiri, R, Shrime, Mg, Shuval, K, Siabani, S, Sigfusdottir, Id, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Silva, Da, Simonetti, B, Simpson, Ke, Singh, Ja, Skiadaresi, E, Skryabin, Vy, Soheili, A, Sokhan, A, Sorensen, Rjd, Soriano, Jb, Sorrie, Mb, Soyiri, In, Spurlock, Ee, 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M, Meitei, Wahengbam Bigyananda, Memiah, Peter T N, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, Mensah, George A, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Milne, George J, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Maryam, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Moazen, Babak, Moghadaszadeh, Masoud, Mohamadi, Efat, Mohammad, Dara K, Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, Mohammadbeigi, Abolfazl, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Hussen, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mohseni Bandpei, Mohammad A, Mokari, Amin, Mokdad, Ali H, Momen, Natalie C, Monasta, Lorenzo, Mooney, Meghan D, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi-Joo, Mohammad, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, Moraga, Paula, Moreno Velásquez, Ilai, Morgado-da-Costa, Joana, Morrison, Shane Dougla, Mosser, Jonathan F, Mouodi, Simin, Mousavi, 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Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostamian, Morteza, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rwegerera, Godfrey M, Sabour, Siamak, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Safari, Yahya, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, S Mohammad, Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza, Salama, Joseph S, Salamati, Payman, Salem, Marwa R Rashad, Salimi, Yahya, Salomon, Joshua A, Salz, Inbal, Samad, Zainab, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, Sartorius, Benn, Sarveazad, Arash, Sathian, Brijesh, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Sattin, Davide, Saylan, Mete, Schaeffer, Lauren E, Schiavolin, Silvia, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Sekerija, Mario, Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serván-Mori, Edson, Shabani, Mahsima, Shahabi, Saeed, Shahbaz, Mohammad, Shaheen, Amira A, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shalash, Ali S, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, Mohammadbagher, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sharafi, Kiomar, Sharafi, Zeinab, Sharara, Fablina, Sharma, Rajesh, Shaw, David H, Sheikh, Aziz, Shin, Jae Il, Shiri, Rahman, Shrime, Mark G, Shuval, Kerem, Siabani, Soraya, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silva, Diego Augusto Santo, Simonetti, Biagio, Simpson, Kyle E, Singh, Jasvinder A, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Soheili, Amin, Sokhan, Anton, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soriano, Joan B, Sorrie, Muluken Bekele, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stockfelt, Leo, Stokes, Mark A, Stubbs, Jacob L, Sudaryanto, Agu, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan, Sykes, Bryan L, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Taherkhani, Amir, Tang, Muming, Taveira, Nuno, Taylor, Heather Jean, Teagle, Whitney L, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Teklehaimanot, Berhane Fseha, Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, Thankappan, 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المصدر: The Lancet, 396(10258), 1160-1203. Elsevier Ltd.
Lancet (London, England)
GBD 2019 Demographics Collaborators 2020, ' Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2019 : a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 ', Lancet, vol. 396, no. 10258, pp. 1160-1203 . https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30977-6
Wang, H, Abbas, K M, Abbasifard, M, Abbasi-kangevari, M, Abbastabar, H, Abd-allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, L G, Abrigo, M R M, Abushouk, A I, Adabi, M, Adair, T, Adebayo, O M, Adedeji, I A, Adekanmbi, V, Adeoye, A M, Adetokunboh, O O, Advani, S M, Afshin, A, Aghaali, M, Agrawal, A, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, M B, Al-aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, T, Alanezi, F M, Alanzi, T M, Alcalde-rabanal, J E, Ali, M, Alicandro, G, Alijanzadeh, M, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Alizade, H, Aljunid, S M, Allebeck, P, Almadi, M A H, Almasi-hashiani, A, Al-mekhlafi, H M, Altirkawi, K A, Alumran, A K, Alvis-guzman, N, Amini-rarani, M, Aminorroaya, A, Amit, A M L, Ancuceanu, R, Truelsen, T C & GBD 2019 Demographics Collaborators 2020, ' Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 ', The Lancet, vol. 396, no. 10258, pp. 1160-1203 . https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30977-6
GBD 2019 Demographics Collaborators 2020, ' Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 ', Lancet, vol. 396, no. 10258, pp. 1160-1203 . https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30977-6
LANCET, 396(10258), 1160-1203. ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
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Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A
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Epidemiology and Biostatistics Publications
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Lancet, 396(10258), 1160-1203. Elsevier
The Lancet
REDICUC-Repositorio CUC
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
instacron:Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio U. El Bosque
Universidad El Bosque
instacron:Universidad El Bosque

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, very elderly, Demographic transition, HALE, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, preschool child, Global Burden of Disease, Carga Global de Enfermedades, 0302 clinical medicine, newborn, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, and Risk Factors Study, 80 and over, 030212 general & internal medicine, Birth Rate, Child, Migration, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Injuries, Geography, Mortality rate, 1. No poverty, DEATH, Censuses, General Medicine, SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities, Middle Aged, Demographic analysis, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, 3. Good health, demographic analysis, Estilo de Vida Saludable, risk factor, Child, Preschool, Demography/statistics & numerical data, Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, Risk Factors, Fertility, Mortality, Migration, Population, epidemiology, Female, A990 Medicine and Dentistry not elsewhere classified, CHILD-MORTALITY, Live Birth, Global Health Metrics, TRANSITION, demographics, GBD, fertility, mortality, hale, Adult, Adolescent, Total fertility rate, Population, Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study, Birth rate, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Life Expectancy, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, General & Internal Medicine, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Demografía, Humans, Global Burden of Disease Study, human, Mortality, education, Preschool, Aged, Demography, Spatial Analysis, questionnaire, Infant, Newborn, Klinisk medicin, HIV, Infant, Global Burden of Diseases, sex-specific fertility, Live Birth/epidemiology, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.00 [https], MODEL, Fertilidad, Fertility, Demographic change, Life expectancy, NA, global disease burden, Clinical Medicine, population research

الوصف: Background Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Methods 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10-14 and 50-54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric. Findings The global TFR decreased from 2.72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2.66-2.79) in 2000 to 2.31 (2.17-2.46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134.5 million (131.5-137.8) in 2000 to a peak of 139.6 million (133.0-146.9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135.3 million (127.2-144.1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2.1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27.1% (95% UI 26.4-27.8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67.2 years (95% UI 66.8-67.6) in 2000 to 73.5 years (72.8-74.3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50.7 million (49.5-51.9) in 2000 to 56.5 million (53.7-59.2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9.6 million (9.1-10.3) in 2000 to 5.0 million (4.3-6.0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25.7%, from 6.2 billion (6.0-6.3) in 2000 to 7.7 billion (7.5-8.0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58.6 years (56.1-60.8) in 2000 to 63.5 years (60.8-66.1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019. Interpretation Over the past 20 years, fertility rates have been dropping steadily and life expectancy has been increasing, with few exceptions. Much of this change follows historical patterns linking social and economic determinants, such as those captured by the GBD Socio-demographic Index, with demographic outcomes. More recently, several countries have experienced a combination of low fertility and stagnating improvement in mortality rates, pushing more populations into the late stages of the demographic transition. Tracking demographic change and the emergence of new patterns will be essential for global health monitoring. Copyright (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30977-6

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Kimokoti, Yingxi Zhao, Guoqing Hu, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Ilais Moreno Velásquez, Nathaniel J. Henry, Brijesh Sathian, Daniel Kim, Peter Memiah, Mohammad Hadi Abbasi, Andrea Farioli, Zahra Kamiab, Bolajoko O. Olusanya, Matthew C. Doxey, Tommi Vasankari, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Luisa Sorio Flor, Priya Rathi, Shanshan Li, Tanvir M. Huda, Dillon O Sylte, Rosario Cárdenas, Agegnehu Bante, Helen Ippolito, Alyssa Acebedo, Jeffrey D. Stanaway, Anwar Faraj, João Pedro Silva, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah, Pushpendra Kumar, Sangram Kishor Patel, Josephine W. Ngunjiri, Holly E. Erskine, Eugene Sobngwi, Filippo Ariani, Shane D. Morrison, Mohammad Aghaali, Meghan D. Mooney, Vera Marisa Costa, Palash Chandra Banik, Rupak Desai, Ken Takahashi, Maigeng Zhou, Morteza Oladnabi, Bogdan Oancea, Daniela Ribeiro, Mohammad Farahmand, Irmina Maria Michalek, Yetunde O. John-Akinola, Khem Narayan Pokhrel, Emilie R Maddison, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Damian G. Hoy, Hosni Salem, V. 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Stubbs, Timothy J. Steiner, Helena Manguerra, Olatunji O. Adetokunboh, Amira Shaheen, Stein Emil Vollset, Yared Asmare Aynalem, Rajan Nikbakhsh, Ilana N. Ackerman, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Davide Rasella, Hedayat Abbastabar, Floriane Ausloos, Nauman Khalid, Ewerton Cousin, Nermin Ghith, Nebiyu Dereje Dereje, Rakhi Dandona, Mojtaba Bagherzadeh, Ahmed Abdelalim, Benn Sartorius, Giulio Castelpietra, Masih Tajdini, Stefanos Tyrovolas, Akram Pourshams, Ritesh G. Menezes, Eve E. Wool, Mohamed Hsairi, Alberto L. García-Basteiro, Lorainne Tudor Car, Rachelle Buchbinder, Franz Castro, Samiah Alam, Iman Ansari, Ahmed I. Hasaballah, Sanni Yaya, Silvia Schiavolin, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Khalid A Altirkawi, Marco Vacante, Jacek A. Kopec, Archith Boloor, Simon I. Hay, Mathilde Touvier, Ensiyeh Jenabi, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Scott B. Patten, Arash Ziapour, Carlo La Vecchia, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Thomas Truelsen, Houman Goudarzi, Ryan Fitzgerald, Di H. Cross, Eduarda Fernandes, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Odgerel Chimed-Ochir, Iqbal R. F. Elyazar, Alexandrea Watson, Bo Norrving, Kerem Shuval, Chidozie Declan Iwu, Jasvinder A. Singh, Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart, Shirin Djalalinia, Marisa Freitas, Feleke Mekonnen Demeke, Hiroyasu Iso, Hussain Jafari, Lee Ling Lim, Roman V. Polibin, Charles D.A. Wolfe, Ulrich O Mueller, Luis Camera, Fabiana Madotto, Gregory A. Roth, Nevine El Nahas, Paul S. F. Yip, Miguel A Barboza, Anna E. Torre, Ali Rajabpour-Sanati, Hailey Hagins, Tauseef Ahmad, Platon D. Lopukhov, Giovanni Damiani, Mohammad Hossein Bakhshaei, Hirut Teame, Silvano Gallus, Tudorel Andrei, Suzanne H. Keddie, Madgalene K. Walters, Mohammad Abdollahi, Temesgen Yihunie Akalu, Catherine Bisignano, Iyad Sultan, Ira Martopullo, Emma L. Collins, Spencer L. James, Rasmus Havmoeller, Alireza Esteghamati, Seok Jun Yoon, Paramjit Gill, Maryam Hashemian, Klara Dokova, Weijia Fu, Anna Gershberg Hayoon, Kathryn H. Jacobsen, Zohra S Lassi, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Sanjeev Nair, Phetole Walter Mahasha, Shelly Balassyano, Giulia Carreras, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Reinhard Busse, Takeshi Fukumoto, Abdullah Al Mamun, Sarika Chaturvedi, Stefania Mondello, Christoph Nowak, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Efat Mohamadi, Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan, Paul S Briant, M Alijanzadeh, Giuseppe Gorini, Berhane Fseha Teklehaimanot, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal, Katya Anne Shackelford, Mehdi Fazlzadeh, Virginia Núñez-Samudio, Minh Nguyen, Payman Salamati, Itamar S. Santos, Bach Xuan Tran, Lal B. Rawal, Louisa Degenhardt, Dietrich Plass, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, José Neves, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Mona M. Khater, Alyssa Pennini, Ehsan Sadeghi, Salah Eddin Karimi, Ravensara S. Travillian, Alexander C. Tsai, Emilie E. Agardh, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Hamed Zandian, Zahid A Butt, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Ai-Min Wu, Bing Fang Hwang, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Jeff T. Zhao, Paolo Cortesi, Giorgia Giussani, Gregory J. Bertolacci, Andrew T Olagunju, Søren Thorgaard Skou, Peter Allebeck, Benjamin C Cowie, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, In-Hwan Oh, Erin B. Hamilton, Puja C Rao, Vinod C Nayak, Carla Fornari, Khezar Hayat, Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir, Emmanuel Peprah, Oommen John, Sonyah Terrason, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Sojib Bin Zaman, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Emmanuela Gakidou, Abiyu Mekonnen Gebrehiwot, Celine M. Barthelemy, Nicholas L S Roberts, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Navid Rabiee, Alireza Ghajar, Mark G. Shrime, Hamed Kalani, Mayowa O. Owolabi, Lisa M. Force, Irina Filip, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Gelin Xu, Thomas R. Hird, Kara Estep, Mohammad Zamani, Lalit Dandona, João Massano, Antonio Maria Borzì, Masoud Moradi, Molly R Nixon, Delia Hendrie, Mostafa Amini-Rarani, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Rachel Feldman, Emmanuel Wandera Okunga, Bruce Bartholow Duncan, Nazir Fattahi, Joshua R. Ehrlich, Adnan Kisa, Ghasem Azarian, Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Reed J D Sorensen, Roderick J. Hay, Johan Ärnlöv, Liliana G Ciobanu, Claudiu Herteliu, Andreea Mirica, Sofia Boston Redford, Wahengbam Bigyananda Meitei, Jae Il Shin, Kanaan Hamagharib Abdullah, Abhijit Pakhare, Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla, Rixing Xu, Jonathan F. Mosser, Meresa Berwo Mengesha, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Andre Rodrigues Duraes, Yuan-Pang Wang, Jaimie D. Adelson, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Alireza Vakilian, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Ali S. Shalash

المساهمون: Vos, T, Lim, S, Abbafati, C, Abbas, K, Abbasi, M, Abbasifard, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdollahpour, I, Abolhassani, H, Aboyans, V, Abrams, E, Abreu, L, Abrigo, M, Abu-Raddad, L, Abushouk, A, Acebedo, A, Ackerman, I, Adabi, M, Adamu, A, Adebayo, O, Adekanmbi, V, Adelson, J, Adetokunboh, O, Adham, D, Afshari, M, Afshin, A, Agardh, E, Agarwal, G, Agesa, K, Aghaali, M, Aghamir, S, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, M, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmadpour, E, Akalu, T, Akinyemi, R, Akinyemiju, T, Akombi, B, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alam, S, Alam, T, Alanzi, T, Albertson, S, Alcalde-Rabanal, J, Alema, N, Ali, M, Ali, S, Alicandro, G, Alijanzadeh, M, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Alonso, J, Al-Raddadi, R, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, N, Amini, S, Amini-Rarani, M, Aminorroaya, A, Amiri, F, Amit, A, Amugsi, D, Amul, G, Anderlini, D, Andrei, C, Andrei, T, Anjomshoa, M, Ansari, F, Ansari, I, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antonio, C, Antony, C, Antriyandarti, E, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aravkin, A, Ariani, F, Arnlov, J, Aryal, K, Arzani, A, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, A, Asghari, B, Ashbaugh, C, Atnafu, D, Atre, S, Ausloos, F, Ausloos, M, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayano, G, Ayanore, M, Aynalem, Y, Azari, S, Azarian, G, Azene, Z, Babaee, E, Badawi, A, Bagherzadeh, M, Bakhshaei, M, Bakhtiari, A, Balakrishnan, S, Balalla, S, Balassyano, S, Banach, M, Banik, P, Bannick, M, Bante, A, Baraki, A, Barboza, M, Barker-Collo, S, Barthelemy, C, Barua, L, Barzegar, A, Basu, S, Baune, B, Bayati, M, Bazmandegan, G, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bejot, Y, Bello, A, Bender, R, Bennett, D, Bennitt, F, Bensenor, I, Benziger, C, Berhe, K, Bernabe, E, Bertolacci, G, Bhageerathy, R, Bhala, N, Bhandari, D, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhutta, Z, Bibi, S, Biehl, M, Bikbov, B, Bin Sayeed, M, Biondi, A, Birihane, B, Bisanzio, D, Bisignano, C, Biswas, R, Bohlouli, S, 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L., Department of Public Health, Clinicum, Department of Neurosciences, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, Environmental Sciences, Public Health, Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Sálfræðideild (HR), Department of Psychology (RU), Samfélagssvið (HR), School of Social Sciences (RU), Háskólinn í Reykjavík, Reykjavik University, GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborator, Violante FS, Department of Earth Observation Science, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, UT-I-ITC-ACQUAL

المصدر: Looker, K J 2020, ' Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 ', Lancet, vol. 396, no. 10258, pp. 1204-1222 . https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9
Vos, T, Lim, S S, Abbafati, C, Abbas, K M, Abbasi, M, Abbasifard, M, Abbasi-kangevari, M, Abbastabar, H, Abd-allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdollahpour, I, Abolhassani, H, Aboyans, V, Abrams, E M, Abreu, L G, Abrigo, M R M, Abu-raddad, L J, Abushouk, A I, Acebedo, A, Ackerman, I N, Adabi, M, Adamu, A A, Adebayo, O M, Adekanmbi, V, Adelson, J D, Adetokunboh, O O, Adham, D, Afshari, M, Afshin, A, Agardh, E E, Agarwal, G, Agesa, K M, Aghaali, M, Aghamir, S M K, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, M, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmadpour, E, Akalu, T Y, Akinyemi, R O, Akinyemiju, T, Akombi, B, Al-aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Christensen, H, Truelsen, T C & GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators 2020, ' Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 ', The Lancet, vol. 396, no. 10258, pp. 1204-1222 . https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9
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The Lancet, 396(10258), 1204-1222. Elsevier Ltd.
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LANCET, 396(10258), 1204-1222. ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators 2020, ' Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 ', Lancet, vol. 396, no. 10258, pp. 1204-1222 . https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9
Repositorio U. El Bosque
Universidad El Bosque
instacron:Universidad El Bosque
GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators 2020, ' Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 ', The Lancet, vol. 396, no. 10258, pp. 1204-1222 . https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9
The Lancet, 396(10258), 1204-1222. Elsevier

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الوصف: Publisher's version (útgefin grein)
Background In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990-2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0-9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10-24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10-24 years were also in the top ten in the 25-49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50-74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and development investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Copyright (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Research reported in this publication was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; the University of Melbourne; Queensland Department of Health, Australia; the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia; Public Health England; the Norwegian Institute of Public Health; St Jude Children's Research Hospital; the Cardiovascular Medical Research and Education Fund; the National Institute on Ageing of the National Institutes of Health (award P30AG047845); and the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health (award R01MH110163). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funders. The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this Article and they do not necessarily represent the views, decisions, or policies of the institutions with which they are affiliated, the National Health Service (NHS), the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), the UK Department of Health and Social Care, or Public Health England; the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the US Government, or MEASURE Evaluation; or the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). This research used data from the Chile National Health Survey 2003, 2009-10, and 2016-17. The authors are grateful to the Ministry of Health, the survey copyright owner, for allowing them to have the database. All results of the study are those of the authors and in no way committed to the Ministry. The Costa Rican Longevity and Healthy Aging Study project is a longitudinal study by the University of Costa Rica's Centro Centroamericano de Poblacion and Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud, in collaboration with the University of California at Berkeley. The original pre-1945 cohort was funded by the Wellcome Trust (grant 072406), and the 1945-55 Retirement Cohort was funded by the US National Institute on Aging (grant R01AG031716). The principal investigators are Luis Rosero-Bixby and William H Dow and co-principal investigators are Xinia Fernandez and Gilbert Brenes. The accuracy of the authors' statistical analysis and the findings they report are not the responsibility of ECDC. ECDC is not responsible for conclusions or opinions drawn from the data provided. ECDC is not responsible for the correctness of the data and for data management, data merging and data collation after provision of the data. ECDC shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data. The Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study is an international study carried out in collaboration with WHO/EURO. The international coordinator of the 1997-98, 2001-02, 2005-06, and 2009-10 surveys was Candace Currie and the databank manager for the 1997-98 survey was Bente Wold, whereas for the following surveys Oddrun Samdal was the databank manager. A list of principal investigators in each country can be found on the HBSC website. Data used in this paper come from the 2009-10 Ghana Socioeconomic Panel Study Survey, which is a nationally representative survey of more than 5000 households in Ghana. The survey is a joint effort undertaken by the Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research (ISSER) at the University of Ghana and the Economic Growth Centre (EGC) at Yale University. It was funded by EGC. ISSER and the EGC are not responsible for the estimations reported by the analysts. The Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics granted the researchers access to relevant data in accordance with license number SLN2014-3-170, after subjecting data to processing aiming to preserve the confidentiality of individual data in accordance with the General Statistics Law, 2000. The researchers are solely responsible for the conclusions and inferences drawn upon available data. Data for this research was provided by MEASURE Evaluation, funded by USAID. The authors thank the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, conducted by the National Research University Higher School of Economics and ZAO Demoscope together with Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the Institute of Sociology, Russia Academy of Sciences for making data available. This paper uses data from the Bhutan 2014 STEPS survey, implemented by the Ministry of Health with the support of WHO; the Kuwait 2006 and 2014 STEPS surveys, implemented by the Ministry of Health with the support of WHO; the Libya 2009 STEPS survey, implemented by the Secretariat of Health and Environment with the support of WHO; the Malawi 2009 STEPS survey, implemented by Ministry of Health with the support of WHO; and the Moldova 2013 STEPS survey, implemented by the Ministry of Health, the National Bureau of Statistics, and the National Center of Public Health with the support of WHO. This paper uses data from Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) Waves 1 (DOI:10.6103/SHARE. w1.700), 2 (10.6103/SHARE.w2.700), 3 (10.6103/SHARE.w3.700), 4 (10.6103/SHARE.w4.700), 5 (10.6103/SHARE.w5.700), 6 (10.6103/SHARE.w6.700), and 7 (10.6103/SHARE.w7.700); see Borsch-Supan and colleagues (2013) for methodological details. The SHARE data collection has been funded by the European Commission through FP5 (QLK6-CT-2001-00360), FP6 (SHARE-I3: RII-CT-2006-062193, COMPARE: CIT5-CT-2005-028857, SHARELIFE: CIT4-CT-2006-028812), FP7 (SHARE-PREP: GA N degrees 211909, SHARE-LEAP: GA N degrees 227822, SHARE M4: GA N degrees 261982) and Horizon 2020 (SHARE-DEV3: GA N degrees 676536, SERISS: GA N degrees 654221) and by DG Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion. Additional funding from the German Ministry of Education and Research, the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science, the US National Institute on Aging (U01_AG09740-13S2, P01_AG005842, P01_AG08291, P30_AG12815, R21_AG025169, Y1-AG-4553-01, IAG_BSR06-11, OGHA_04-064, HHSN271201300071C), and from various national funding sources is gratefully acknowledged. This study has been realised using the data collected by the Swiss Household Panel, which is based at the Swiss Centre of Expertise in the Social Sciences. The project is financed by the Swiss National Science Foundation. The United States Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study is a supplement to the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), which is sponsored by the National Institute of Aging (grant number NIA U01AG009740). It was conducted jointly by Duke University and the University of Michigan. The HRS is sponsored by the National Institute on Aging (grant number NIA U01AG009740) and is conducted by the University of Michigan. This paper uses data from Add Health, a program project designed by J Richard Udry, Peter S Bearman, and Kathleen Mullan Harris, and funded by a grant P01-HD31921 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, with cooperative funding from 17 other agencies. Special acknowledgment is due to Ronald R Rindfuss and Barbara Entwisle for assistance in the original design. Information on how to obtain the Add Health data files is available on the Add Health website. No direct support was received from grant P01-HD31921 for this analysis. The data reported here have been supplied by the United States Renal Data System. The interpretation and reporting of these data are the responsibility of the authors and in no way should be seen as an official policy or interpretation of the US Government. Collection of data for the Mozambique National Survey on the Causes of Death 2007-08 was made possible by USAID under the terms of cooperative agreement GPO-A-00-08-000_D3-00. This manuscript is based on data collected and shared by the International Vaccine Institute (IVI) from an original study IVI conducted. L G Abreu acknowledges support from Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (Brazil; finance code 001) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq, a Brazilian funding agency). I N Ackerman was supported by a Victorian Health and Medical Research Fellowship awarded by the Victorian Government. O O Adetokunboh acknowledges the South African Department of Science and Innovation and the National Research Foundation. A Agrawal acknowledges the Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance Senior Fellowship. S M Aljunid acknowledges the Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University and International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia for the approval and support to participate in this research project. M Ausloos, C Herteliu, and A Pana acknowledge partial support by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. A Badawi is supported by the Public Health Agency of Canada. D A Bennett was supported by the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre. R Bourne acknowledges the Brien Holden Vision Institute, University of Heidelberg, Sightsavers, Fred Hollows Foundation, and Thea Foundation. G B Britton and I Moreno Velasquez were supported by the Sistema Nacional de Investigacion, SNI-SENACYT, Panama. R Buchbinder was supported by an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Senior Principal Research Fellowship. J J Carrero was supported by the Swedish Research Council (2019-01059). F Carvalho acknowledges UID/MULTI/04378/2019 and UID/QUI/50006/2019 support with funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds. A R Chang was supported by National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases grant K23 DK106515. V M Costa acknowledges the grant SFRH/BHD/110001/2015, received by Portuguese national funds through Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia, IP, under the Norma Transitaria DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006. A Douiri acknowledges support and funding from the National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care South London at King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the Royal College of Physicians, and support from the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London. B B Duncan acknowledges grants from the Foundation for the Support of Research of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (IATS and PrInt) and the Brazilian Ministry of Health. H E Erskine is the recipient of an Australian NHMRC Early Career Fellowship grant (APP1137969). A J Ferrari was supported by a NHMRC Early Career Fellowship grant (APP1121516). H E Erskine and A J Ferrari are employed by and A M Mantilla-Herrera and D F Santomauro affiliated with the Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, which receives core funding from the Queensland Department of Health. M L Ferreira holds an NHMRC Research Fellowship. C Flohr was supported by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust. M Freitas acknowledges financial support from the EU (European Regional Development Fund [FEDER] funds through COMPETE POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029248) and National Funds (Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia) through project PTDC/NAN-MAT/29248/2017. A L S Guimaraes acknowledges support from CNPq. C Herteliu was partially supported by a grant co-funded by FEDER through Operational Competitiveness Program (project ID P_40_382). P Hoogar acknowledges Centre for Bio Cultural Studies, Directorate of Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education and Centre for Holistic Development and Research, Kalaghatagi. F N Hugo acknowledges the Visiting Professorship, PRINT Program, CAPES Foundation, Brazil. B-F Hwang was supported by China Medical University (CMU107-Z-04), Taichung, Taiwan. S M S Islam was funded by a National Heart Foundation Senior Research Fellowship and supported by Deakin University. R Q Ivers was supported by a research fellowship from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia. M Jakovljevic acknowledges the Serbian part of this GBD-related contribution was co-funded through Grant OI175014 of the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. P Jeemon was supported by a Clinical and Public Health intermediate fellowship (grant number IA/CPHI/14/1/501497) from the Wellcome Trust-Department of Biotechnology, India Alliance (2015-20). O John is a recipient of UIPA scholarship from University of New South Wales, Sydney. S V Katikireddi acknowledges funding from a NRS Senior Clinical Fellowship (SCAF/15/02), the Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12017/13, MC_UU_12017/15), and the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office (SPHSU13, SPHSU15). C Kieling is a CNPq researcher and a UK Academy of Medical Sciences Newton Advanced Fellow. Y J Kim was supported by Research Management Office, Xiamen University Malaysia (XMUMRF/2018-C2/ITCM/00010). K Krishan is supported by UGC Centre of Advanced Study awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. M Kumar was supported by K43 TW 010716 FIC/NIMH. B Lacey acknowledges support from the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre and the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford. J V Lazarus was supported by a Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities Miguel Servet grant (Instituto de Salud Carlos III [ISCIII]/ESF, the EU [CP18/00074]). K J Looker thanks the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Evaluation of Interventions at the University of Bristol, in partnership with Public Health England, for research support. S Lorkowski was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (nutriCARD, grant agreement number 01EA1808A). R A Lyons is supported by Health Data Research UK (HDR-9006), which is funded by the UK Medical Research Council, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council, NIHR (England), Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates, Health and Social Care Research and Development Division (Welsh Government), Public Health Agency (Northern Ireland), British Heart Foundation, and Wellcome Trust. J J McGrath is supported by the Danish National Research Foundation (Niels Bohr Professorship), and the Queensland Health Department (via West Moreton HHS). P T N Memiah acknowledges support from CODESRIA. U O Mueller gratefully acknowledges funding by the German National Cohort Study BMBF grant number 01ER1801D. S Nomura acknowledges the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (18K10082). A Ortiz was supported by ISCIII PI19/00815, DTS18/00032, ISCIII-RETIC REDinREN RD016/0009 Fondos FEDER, FRIAT, Comunidad de Madrid B2017/BMD-3686 CIFRA2-CM. These funding sources had no role in the writing of the manuscript or the decision to submit it for publication. S B Patten was supported by the Cuthbertson & Fischer Chair in Pediatric Mental Health at the University of Calgary. G C Patton was supported by an aNHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellowship. M R Phillips was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, number 81371502 and 81761128031). A Raggi, D Sattin, and S Schiavolin were supported by grants from the Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico C Besta, Linea 4-Outcome Research: dagli Indicatori alle Raccomandazioni Cliniche). P Rathi and B Unnikrishnan acknowledge Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal. A L P Ribeiro was supported by Brazilian National Research Council, CNPq, and the Minas Gerais State Research Agency, FAPEMIG. D C Ribeiro was supported by The Sir Charles Hercus Health Research Fellowship (#18/111) Health Research Council of New Zealand. D Ribeiro acknowledges financial support from the EU (FEDER funds through the Operational Competitiveness Program; POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029253). P S Sachdev acknowledges funding from the NHMRC of Australia Program Grant. A M Samy was supported by a fellowship from the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. M M Santric-Milicevic acknowledges the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (contract number 175087). R Sarmiento-Suarez received institutional support from Applied and Environmental Sciences University (Bogota, Colombia) and ISCIII (Madrid, Spain). A E Schutte received support from the South African National Research Foundation SARChI Initiative (GUN 86895) and Medical Research Council. S T S Skou is currently funded by a grant from Region Zealand (Exercise First) and a grant from the European Research Council under the EU's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement number 801790). J B Soriano is funded by Centro de Investigacion en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, ISCIII. R Tabares-Seisdedos was supported in part by the national grant PI17/00719 from ISCIII-FEDER. N Taveira was partially supported by the European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership, the EU (LIFE project, reference RIA2016MC-1615). S Tyrovolas was supported by the Foundation for Education and European Culture, the Sara Borrell postdoctoral programme (reference number CD15/00019 from ISCIII-FEDER). S B Zaman received a scholarship from the Australian Government research training programme in support of his academic career.
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URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::7a1b89c1945177752dac8770b30794fe
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/8646