المؤلفون: Baumgartner, M. P.

المصدر: American Sociologist; Summer2001, Vol. 32 Issue 2, p99-113, 15p

مصطلحات موضوعية: SOCIOLOGICAL jurisprudence, LAW & the social sciences, CRITICAL legal studies, CRITICAL theory, SOCIAL justice, JUSTICE administration, AMERICAN law

مصطلحات جغرافية: UNITED States

People: BLACK, Donald

مستخلص: This article focuses on the sociology of law in the United States. The two most important and most distinctive contributions of the U.S. legal sociology accordingly reflect a scientific orientation. One of these is an immense body of empirical research that has produced findings about virtually every aspect of law. The other is the development of a uniquely powerful and general scientific theory able to predict and explain the empirical variation documented in this research, the pure sociology of law advanced by theorist Donald Black. One of the greatest strengths of U.S. sociology is its vibrant research tradition. The empirical tradition in the U.S. legal sociology includes work utilizing virtually every method of sociological research to address variation at every stage of the U.S. criminal, civil, and administrative justice systems. The principal methods used include participant and direct observation, experimentation, cross-cultural research, historical research, archival research, and survey research. There have been studies of the police, exploring a diversity of issues such as how the police are mobilized, how they respond to calls, how they conduct vice and traffic enforcement, when they make arrests, when they use excessive force, how and when they conduct criminal investigations, and how they manage their relations with the wider community.

المصدر: Current Sociology; Spring85, Vol. 33 Issue 1, p2-29, 28p

مصطلحات موضوعية: SOCIOLOGICAL jurisprudence, CRITICAL legal studies, SOCIAL justice, SOCIOLOGY, LAW & the social sciences

People: BLACK, Donald

مستخلص: The article discusses sociological jurisprudence, and the related critical legal studies movements. Donald Black has also recognized that much of that which passes for the sociology of law has been more akin to traditional jurisprudence than a true sociological approach to law. This has been due to the fact that much legal sociology has been evaluative in nature, being concerned primarily with instrumentalist notions such as that of legal effectiveness, rather than seeking to treat law as an entirely empirical phenomenon. There is clearly a great deal of activity within the critical legal studies movement. This action has involved critiques of liberalism, critiques of legal formalism, and studies of various aspects of legal consciousness. Very little of this work has been empirical in nature. Various attempts have been made to present a picture of this movement. The critical legal studies movement also involves a critique of (legal) formalism, and objectivism. This is associated with the purely instrumental use of legal practice and legal doctrine to advance leftist aims'.