المؤلفون: Kissin, Igor

المصدر: Kissin, Igor. 2015. “Scientometrics of drug discovery efforts: pain-related molecular targets.” Drug Design, Development and Therapy 9 (1): 3393-3404. doi:10.2147/DDDT.S85633. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S85633.

مصطلحات موضوعية: analgesics, bibliometrics, biomedical journals, drug design, patents, pharmaceutical industry

الوصف: The aim of this study was to make a scientometric assessment of drug discovery efforts centered on pain-related molecular targets. The following scientometric indices were used: the popularity index, representing the share of articles (or patents) on a specific topic among all articles (or patents) on pain over the same 5-year period; the index of change, representing the change in the number of articles (or patents) on a topic from one 5-year period to the next; the index of expectations, representing the ratio of the number of all types of articles on a topic in the top 20 journals relative to the number of articles in all (>5,000) biomedical journals covered by PubMed over a 5-year period; the total number of articles representing Phase I–III trials of investigational drugs over a 5-year period; and the trial balance index, a ratio of Phase I–II publications to Phase III publications. Articles (PubMed database) and patents (US Patent and Trademark Office database) on 17 topics related to pain mechanisms were assessed during six 5-year periods from 1984 to 2013. During the most recent 5-year period (2009–2013), seven of 17 topics have demonstrated high research activity (purinergic receptors, serotonin, transient receptor potential channels, cytokines, gamma aminobutyric acid, glutamate, and protein kinases). However, even with these seven topics, the index of expectations decreased or did not change compared with the 2004–2008 period. In addition, publications representing Phase I–III trials of investigational drugs (2009–2013) did not indicate great enthusiasm on the part of the pharmaceutical industry regarding drugs specifically designed for treatment of pain. A promising development related to the new tool of molecular targeting, ie, monoclonal antibodies, for pain treatment has not yet resulted in real success. This approach has not yet demonstrated clinical effectiveness (at least with nerve growth factor) much beyond conventional analgesics, when its potential cost is more than an order of magnitude higher than that of conventional treatments. This scientometric assessment demonstrated a lack of real breakthrough developments.

Relation: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4492640/pdf/; Drug Design, Development and Therapy

URL الوصول: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17820956

المؤلفون: Yu, Peilin

المساهمون: Hutt, Peter Barton

المصدر: Truth in Fiction: Appreciating the Complex Realities of the Pharmaceutical Industry Through Novels (2000 Third Year Paper)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Food and Drug Law, pharmaceutical industry, fiction, FDA

الوصف: In this paper, I will illustrate how, through the use of fiction, both the teaching and learning of law may be made more interesting, meaningful, and fun. Section II begins with a discussion on the multiplicity of benefits and beneficiaries when fiction is incorporated into legal education. Section III illustrates how a topic like the pharmaceutical industry, its challenges, ethical issues, and relationships with governments and the public, may be best understood and appreciated when presented through the medium of novels. Part II introduces the five novels selected for this paper and provides analysis of their portrayals of the pharmaceutical industry. This section briefly assesses each novel's plot, major characters, and the various issues and questions each book raises with regard to the challenges and roles drug companies play in society. Part III provides a hypothetical lesson plan that uses the selected books to teach students about the pharmaceutical industry. The lesson plan incorporates a multi-faceted approach which uses the novels and excerpts from such novels as tools for learning, discussion, and contemplation.

URL الوصول: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:8852118

المؤلفون: Carson, Cheryl J.

المساهمون: Hutt, Peter Barton

المصدر: The Effect of Managed Care on the Pharmaceutical Industry (1997 Third Year Paper)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Food and Drug Law, managed care, human drugs, pharmaceutical industry

الوصف: The pharmaceutical industry has transformed itself in response to the growth of managed care, which developed as a method to contain the costs of health care. Under the traditional fee-for-service system of practicing medicine, doctors practiced medicine without incentives to reduce the costs imposed on patients, their insurers, and the health care system. Most doctors practiced independently and were reimbursed for each service rendered by passive insurance companies. Shielded from the oversight of third-party intermediaries, doctors had financial incentives to provide more services, regardless of whether those services were therapeutically necessary.

URL الوصول: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:8965565