المؤلفون: Nikita Aggarwal, Rahil Ajani, Brooke Christina Alviar, Miycoe Aryksen Chad Call, David Lorenzo Capriles, Marianne Cartagena-Colon, Phillip Chau, Daniel Chen, Julia Rose Clark, Brendan Stover Cornelison, Jesse Tan Dai, Brent Douglas Delano, Noemy April Escobedo, Aneesh Sanjay Galgali, Sebastian michael Garcia, Luke Joseph Gezovich, Kiran Gomatam, Chloe Greenstein, Kindred Paul Maki Griffis, Haley Danielle Guastaferro, Benjamin Hagenau, Jeff Hall, Cassandra J Hergenrader, Alice Victoria Hsu, Bjorn Lund Johnson, Andrew Christian Josselyn, Varsha Kumar, Humon Moeen, Chaitanya Venkata Nookala, Aaron Maller Ocken, Jaelon Joshua James Parson, Brian Casey Peters, Nitin Srinivas Purushotham Rao, Aysha Rehman, Benjamin Michael Ringel, Pedro Jose Salazar Garcia, Ananya Maria Saxena, Vanessa Jacques Sims, Liam Hieu Tran Sullivan, Neha Kannan Tarakad, Sarah Asfaw Tesfaye, Christos Nick Vasilarakis, Samhita Vasu, Devin Robert Wright, Alena Karina Zeni

المصدر: Summer 2020 Intern Posters and Presentations.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Administration And Management

URL الوصول: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20205005514

المؤلفون: Smith, Ramsey, Reuter, Dennis, Irons, James, Lunsford, Allen, Montanero, Matthew, Tesfaye, Zelalem, Wenny, Brian, Thome, Kurtis

مصطلحات موضوعية: Earth Resources And Remote Sensing

الوصف: The preflight calibration testing of TIRS evaluates the performance of the instrument at the component, subsystem and system level, The overall objective is to provide an instrument that is well calibrated and well characterized with specification compliant data that will ensure the data continuity of Landsat from the previous missions to the LDCM, The TIRS flight build unit and the flight instrument were assessed through a series of calibration tests at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Instrument-level requirements played a strong role in defining the test equipment and procedures used for the calibration in the thermal/vacuum chamber. The calibration ground support equipment (CGSE), manufactured by MEI and ATK Corporation, was used to measure the optical, radiometric and geometric characteristics of TIRS, The CGSE operates in three test configurations: GeoRad (geometric, radiometric and spatial), flood source and spectral, TIRS was evaluated though the following tests: bright target recovery, radiometry, spectral response, spatial shape, scatter, stray light, focus, and uniformity, Data were obtained for the instrument and various subsystems under conditions simulating those on orbit In the spectral configuration, a monochromator system with a blackbody source is used for in-band and out-of-band relative spectral response characterization, In the flood source configuration the entire focal plane array is illuminated simultaneously to investigate pixel-to-pixel uniformity and dead or inoperable pixels, The remaining tests were executed in the GeoRad configuration and use a NIST calibrated cavity blackbody source, The NIST calibration is transferred to the TIRS sensor and to the blackbody source on-board TIRS, The onboard calibrator will be the primary calibration source for the TIRS sensor on orbit.

URL الوصول: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20110023318

المؤلفون: Thome, K, Reuter, D, Lunsford, D, Montanaro, M, Smith, J, Tesfaye, Z, Wenny, B

مصطلحات موضوعية: Instrumentation And Photography

الوصف: The Landsat series of satellites provides the longest running continuous data set of moderate-spatial-resolution imagery beginning with the launch of Landsat 1 in 1972 and continuing with the 1999 launch of Landsat 7 and current operation of Landsats 5 and 7. The Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) will continue this program into a fourth decade providing data that are keys to understanding changes in land-use changes and resource management. LDCM consists of a two-sensor platform comprised of the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensors (TIRS). A description of the applications and design of the TIRS instrument is given as well as the plans for calibration and characterization. Included are early results from preflight calibration and a description of the inflight validation.

URL الوصول: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20120004200

المؤلفون: Reuter, Dennis, Irons, James, Lunsford, Allen, Montanero, Matthew, Pellerano, Fernando, Richardson, Cathleen, Smith, Ramsey, Tesfaye, Zelalem, Thome, Kurtis

مصطلحات موضوعية: Earth Resources And Remote Sensing

الوصف: The Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM), a joint NASA and United States Geological Survey (USGS) mission, is scheduled for launch in December, 2012. The LDCM instrument payload will consist of the Operational Land Imager (OLI), provided by Ball Aerospace and Technology Corporation (BATC) under contract to NASA and the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS), provided by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). This paper will describe the design, capabilities and status of the OLI and TIRS instruments. The OLI will provide 8 channel multispectral images at a spatial resolution of 30 meters and panchromatic images at 15 meter spatial resolution. The TIRS is a 100 meter spatial resolution push-broom imager whose two spectral channels, centered at 10.8 and 12 microns, split the ETM+ thermal bands. The two channels allow the use of the "split-window" technique to aid in atmospheric correction. The TIRS focal plane consists of three Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector (QWIP) arrays to span the 185 km swath width. The OLI and TIRS instruments will be operated independently but in concert with each other. Data from both instruments will be merged into a single data stream at the (USGS)/Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) facility. The ground system, being developed by USGS, includes an Image Assessment System (lAS), similar to Landsat-7's, to operationally monitor, characterize and update the calibrations of the two sensors.

URL الوصول: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20110011677

المؤلفون: Thome, K, Reuter, D, Lunsford, A, Montanaro, M, Smith, R, Tesfaye, Z, Wenny, B

مصطلحات موضوعية: Instrumentation And Photography

الوصف: This slide presentation reviews the calibration methods being planned for use for the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) on the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM). The description reviews the TIRS and the prelaunch testing: (1) Radiometric and spectral tests, (2) Geometric and spatial tests and (3) Calibration test equipment. It also reviews the planned on-orbit testing.

URL الوصول: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20110010262

المؤلفون: Macharia, Daniel, Korme, Tesfaye, Policelli, Fritz, Irwin, Dan, Adler, Bob, Hong, Yang

مصطلحات موضوعية: Earth Resources And Remote Sensing

الوصف: SERVIR-Africa is an ambitious regional visualization and monitoring system that integrates remotely sensed data with predictive models and field-based data to monitor ecological processes and respond to natural disasters. It aims addressing societal benefits including floods and turning data into actionable information for decision-makers. Floods are exogenous disasters that affect many parts of Africa, probably second only to drought in terms of social-economic losses. This paper looks at SERVIR-Africa's approach to floods disaster management through establishment of an integrated platform, floods prediction models, post-event flood mapping and monitoring as well as flood maps dissemination in support of flood disaster management.

URL الوصول: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20100040611

المؤلفون: Fritz Policelli, G Robert Brakenridge, Alexis Coplin, Megan Bunnell, Laura Wu, Shahid Habib, Hussein Farah, Tesfaye Korme

مصطلحات موضوعية: Earth Resources And Remote Sensing

الوصف: Since the beginning of operation of the MODIS instrument on the NASA Terra satellite at the end of 1999, an exceptionally useful sensor and public data stream have been available for many applications including the rapid and precise characterization of terrestrial surface water changes. One practical application of such capability is the near-real time mapping of river flood inundation. We have developed a surface water mapping methodology based on using only bands 1 (620-672 nm) and 2 (841-890 nm). These are the two bands at 250 m, and the use of only these bands maximizes the resulting map detail. In this regard, most water bodies are strong absorbers of incoming solar radiation at the band 2 wavelength: it could be used alone, via a thresholding procedure, to separate water (dark, low radiance or reflectance pixels) from land (much brighter pixels) (1, 2). Some previous water mapping procedures have in fact used such single band data from this and other sensors that include similar wavelength channels. Adding the second channel of data (band 1), however, allows a band ratio approach which permits sediment-laden water, often relatively light at band 2 wavelengths, to still be discriminated, and, as well, provides some removal of error by reducing the number of cloud shadow pixels that would otherwise be misclassified as water.

URL الوصول: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20110007138

المؤلفون: Reuter, Dennis, Richardson, Cathy, Irons, James, Allen, Rick, Anderson, Martha, Budinoff, Jason, Casto, Gordon, Coltharp, Craig, Finneran, Paul, Forsbacka, Betsy, Hale, Taylor, Jennings, Tom, Jhabvala, Murzy, Lunsford, Allen, Magnuson, Greg, Mills, Rick, Morse, Tony, Otero, Veronica, Rohrbach, Scott, Smith, Ramsey, Sullivan, Terry, Tesfaye, Zelalem, Thome, Kurtis, Unger, Glenn, Whitehouse, Paul

مصطلحات موضوعية: Earth Resources And Remote Sensing

الوصف: The Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM), a joint NASA and USGS mission, is scheduled for launch in December, 2012. The LDCM instrument payload will consist of the Operational Land Imager (OLI), provided by Ball Aerospace and Technology Corporation (BATC} under contract to NASA and the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS), provided by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). This paper outlines the design of the TIRS instrument and gives an example of its application to monitoring water consumption by measuring evapotranspiration.

URL الوصول: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20100031999

المؤلفون: Habib, Shahid, Policelli, F, Irwin, D, Korme, Tesfaye, Adler, Bob, Hong, Yang

مصطلحات موضوعية: Earth Resources And Remote Sensing

الوصف: Lake Victoria, the second largest fresh water lake in the Eastern part of Africa is a vital natural resource for the economic well being and prosperity of over 30 million people located in riparian regions of Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania. It covers a large area of about 68,870 km2 and produces a GDP of about US $30 billion per year. The region is also very much prone to natural disasters such as severe floods during heavy precipitation periods in the Eastern part of Africa. In addition to floods, the precipitation also produces large infestations of mosquito larvae due to the standing water in many areas. This further causes multiple vector borne diseases such as Malaria, Rift Valley Fever and more. These problems are of serious concern and require active and aggressive surveillance and management to minimize the loss of human and animal lives and property damage. Satellite imagery and observations along with the in situ measurements provide a great tool to analyze and study this area and inform the policy makers to make calculated policy decisions which are more beneficial to the environment. Recently, NASA and USAID have joined forces with the Regional Center for Mapping of Resources for Development (RCMRD) located in Nairobi, Kenya to utilize multiple NASA sensors such as TRMM, SRTM and MODIS to develop flood potential maps for the Lake Victoria Basin. The idea is to generate a flood forecasts and "nowcasts" that can be sent to the disaster management organizations of Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania. Post flood event satellite imagery is becoming a common tool to assess the areas inundated by flooding. However, this work is unique undertaking by utilizing land imaging and atmospheric satellites to build credible flood potential maps. At same time, we are also studying the potential occurrence and spread of Rift Valley Fever disease based on the short term climate records and precipitation data. These activities require multi-nation coordination and agreements and multiple operational agencies within each respective country. It also requires credible in situ data such as precipitation, river flow rates and lake levels to further validate the global and regional Hood models and algorithms. This also requires a considerable amount of training and capacity building for the RCMRD experts who will help us validate the model results and eventually transition it for operational use. In a final analysis, Disaster management and humanitarian aid organizations need accurate and timely information for making decisions regarding deployment of relief teams and emergency supplies during major floods. Flood maps based on the use of satellite data have proven extremely valuable to such organizations for identifying the location, extent, and severity of these events. However, despite extraordinary efforts on the part of remote sensing data providers to rapidly deliver such maps, there is typically a delay of several days or even weeks from the on-set of flooding until such maps are available to the disaster management community. This paper summarizes efforts at NASA to address this problem through development of an integrated and automated process of a) flood forecasting b) flood detection, c) satellite data acquisition, d) rapid Hood mapping and distribution, and e) validation of Hood forecasting and detection products.

URL الوصول: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20100031080

المؤلفون: Aviles, Hernan, Belay, Tesfaye, Vance, Monique, Sonnenfeld, Gerald

المصدر: Neuroimmunomodulation. 12(3)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Aerospace Medicine

الوصف: The rodent model of hindlimb unloading has been successfully used to simulate some of the effects of space flight conditions. Previous studies have indicated that mice exposed to hindlimb-unloading conditions have decreased resistance to infections compared to restrained and normally housed control mice. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to clarify the mechanisms involved in resistance to infection in this model by examining the effects of hindlimb unloading on the function of the immune system and its impact on the production of catecholamines. METHODS: Female Swiss Webster mice were hindlimb-unloaded during 48 h and the function of the immune system was assessed in spleen and peritoneal cells immediately after this period. In addition, the kinetics of catecholamine production was measured throughout the hindlimb-unloading period. RESULTS: The function of the immune system was significantly suppressed in the hindlimb-unloaded group compared to restrained and normally housed control mice. Levels of catecholamines were increased in the hindlimb-unloaded group and peaked at 12 h following the commencement of unloading. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that physiological responses of mice are altered early after hindlimb unloading and that catecholamines may play a critical role in the modulation of the immune system. These changes may affect the ability of mice to resist infections. Copyright (c) 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel.

URL الوصول: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050206812