المؤلفون: Amanda Graham, Billy Henson, Bradford W. Reyns, Leah C. Butler, Bonnie S. Fisher

المصدر: Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 37:NP20847-NP20872

مصطلحات موضوعية: media_common.quotation_subject, Target hardening, Law enforcement, Bullying, Online harassment, Affect (psychology), Clinical Psychology, Crime prevention, Perception, Intervention (counseling), Bystander effect, Humans, Sedentary Behavior, Social Behavior, Psychology, Social psychology, Crime Victims, Applied Psychology, media_common

الوصف: Failure to take responsibility for intervening has been identified as a primary barrier to bystander intervention. Building on these findings, we examine how perceptions of responsibility affect responses to witnessing victimization in the online realm—a topic that has received limited attention. Using a maximum-likelihood selection model, we analyze data from the Pew American Trends Panel ( N = 3709) to estimate the effects of respondents’ perceptions of the role different groups should play in addressing online harassment on their likelihood to engage in intervention, target hardening, or inaction in response to witnessing online harassment, conditioned upon their likelihood of having witnessed such behavior. Findings indicate that the greater role respondents believe online users should have in addressing online harassment, the more likely they are to intervene. ( b = .310). The greater role respondents believe law enforcement or elected officials should have in addressing online harassment, the less likely they are to intervene ( b = −.135 and −.072, respectively). These findings have implications for future efforts to curb online harassment through users’ crime prevention efforts.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::044245b1d02a673fa9bf609dc4ac1bd7
https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605211055088

المؤلفون: Caralin Branscum, Taylor Claxton, Alyssa Nystrom, Tara N. Richards, Angela R. Gover

المصدر: Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 37:NP20288-NP20310

مصطلحات موضوعية: Program review, Medical education, Organizational framework, Evidence-based practice, media_common.quotation_subject, Intimate Partner Violence, Fidelity, Audit, Criminals, Criminology, Risk Assessment, Clinical Psychology, Intervention (counseling), Humans, Domestic violence, Duration (project management), Risk assessment, Psychology, Applied Psychology, media_common

الوصف: Court-ordered treatment programs are a widely used response to intimate partner violence (IPV) and many states have developed standards to guide programs. The current study provides an update to Maiuro and Eberle’s. (2008) review of states’ standards and extends the literature by using the principles of effective intervention (PEIs; i.e., risk, need, responsivity, treatment, and fidelity) as an organizational framework to examine standards. Findings showed that 84% of states had standards in 2020, compared to 88% in 2007, and extensive changes both within and across states’ standards had occurred. Regarding the PEIs, in line with the risk principle most states mandated the use of risk assessments; inconsistent with the needs principle, few states used these assessments to classify clients into risk levels or inform individualized treatment. The majority of standards addressed the treatment principle by outlining a required structure and duration, but few attended to responsivity factors (e.g., identifying treatment modalities, attending to specific client factors). Regarding the fidelity principle, most standards outlined education or training requirements for staff and required periodic program reviews or audits, but few standards were evidenced-based and only about half required that programs collect data to measure effectiveness. Taken together, findings suggest that standards have continued to evolve and that the integration of PEIs into IPV treatment is only just beginning. Standards provide a rich opportunity for future researcher–practitioner partnerships in the field of IPV intervention.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::8226b88415ca40348e6ae7e2867d157d
https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605211050091

المؤلفون: Brittany E. Hayes, Michelle E Protas

المصدر: Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 37:NP19664-NP19687

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Adolescent, media_common.quotation_subject, education, Intimate Partner Violence, Developing country, Legislation, Odds, Risk Factors, Intervention (counseling), Child marriage, Prevalence, Humans, Child, Applied Psychology, media_common, Human rights, Middle Aged, Clinical Psychology, Physical abuse, Physical Abuse, Spouse Abuse, Domestic violence, Female, Psychology, Demography

الوصف: Despite being a human rights violation, child marriage still takes place across the globe. Prior scholarship has shown early marriage to be associated with an increased risk of intimate partner violence (IPV). Drawing on data from the nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys—conducted in developing and transitional nations where rates of child marriage tend to be higher—the current study provides a cross-national examination of individual-, community-, and national-level predictors of child marriage and their association with physical and emotional IPV. The sample of ever married women includes 281,674 respondents across 46 developing and transitional nations. Findings reveal the prevalence of child marriage was largely consistent with worldwide estimates. Over half of the sample (59.97%) were over the age of 18 when they married and about 1 in 10 women were married at age 14 or younger. A later age at marriage, measured continuously, was associated with lower odds of physical and emotional IPV. When considering the 18 and over cutoff traditionally used to operationalize child marriage, the odds of physical and emotional IPV were lower for women who married over the age of 18 than women who were 14 and younger when they married. However, there was a confounding effect when considering age at marriage as 18 and over when community-level predictors were not included in the model estimating physical abuse. This underscores the need to consider the nested nature of respondents’ experiences. Further, national legislation that protects against child marriage was not associated with risk of physical or emotional IPV. However, population size increased the odds of physical IPV and lowered the odds of emotional IPV. Such findings can be interpreted in light of opportunity theory and provide direction for prevention and intervention programming.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::7f5c4bde503e02ecdc5f577a989003ee
https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605211042602

المؤلفون: Dana L. Atkins, Ali Rowhani-Rahbar, Ashley B. Hink

المصدر: Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 37:NP14368-NP14396

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Firearms, medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Violence, Community violence, 03 medical and health sciences, Clinical Psychology, 0302 clinical medicine, Firearm injury, Perception, Intervention (counseling), medicine, Humans, Wounds, Gunshot, Survivors, 030212 general & internal medicine, Psychology, Psychiatry, Crime Victims, Applied Psychology, media_common, Qualitative research

الوصف: Qualitative exploration into the risk, experiences, and outcomes of victims of firearm injury is imperative to informing not only further research, but prevention and intervention strategies. The purpose of this study was to explore prior violent exposures, risks, recovery, supportive services, outcomes, and views of firearms and violence among survivors of firearm assaults and unintentional injuries. Adults treated at a level 1 trauma center in Seattle, WA, for assault and unintentional firearm injuries were interviewed utilizing a semistructured instrument. Interview responses were coded to identify common themes and representative quotes are reported. Sixteen participants were interviewed. Notable themes included the following: (a) prior violent exposures were experienced by half of survivors, mostly through community violence; (b) risk for firearm injury was felt to be related to general societal violence, unsafe communities, and firearm practices; (c) important aspects of recovery included family/social support, mental health care and financial support services; (d) notable outcomes included psychological problems such as PTSD and anxiety, changes in relationships, and developing a new sense of purpose or mission in life; (e) generally negative views toward firearms, supporting restricted access and firearm safety practices; (f) acknowledgement of the complexity of firearm violence in society with prevention geared toward equitable education, economic opportunities and safety net programs to reduce community violence; and (g) disappointment in the criminal justice system. These findings demonstrate the varied experiences, needs, and outcomes after injury, but highlight the significance of community and societal violence, and need for improved mental health services. Integration of mental health services and victim assistance programs into trauma centers and hospital-based violence intervention programs is imperative for all survivors. Encouraging survivors to engage in new aspirations after injury can be empowering, and there is an unmet need for victim support and advocacy within the criminal justice system.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::ce1ebbe301268bbfd144cf76e74df887
https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605211005157

المؤلفون: Áine Travers, Siobhan Murphy, Ask Elklit, Tracey McDonagh

المصدر: Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 37:NP14066-NP14088

مصطلحات موضوعية: 050103 clinical psychology, Deception, Personality Inventory, media_common.quotation_subject, 050901 criminology, 05 social sciences, Personality pathology, Intimate Partner Violence, Personality Disorders, Clinical Psychology, Intervention (counseling), Humans, Domestic violence, Personality, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 0509 other social sciences, Psychology, Applied Psychology, Clinical psychology, media_common

الوصف: Self-report personality inventories may be useful in directing perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) to appropriate intervention programs. They may also have predictive capabilities in assessing the likelihood of desistance or persistence of IPV. However, validity problems are inherent in self-report clinical tools, particularly in forensic settings. Scores of the modifying indices (subsections of the scale designed to detect biases in responding) of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) often are not reported in research. This study analyses the response sets of a sample of 492 IPV perpetrators at intake to a Danish perpetrator program. Profiles were grouped into levels of severity, and the proportion of exaggerated or minimized profiles at each severity level was analyzed. Findings suggested that 30% of the present sample were severely disturbed or exaggerating their symptoms. As expected, there were significant levels of exaggerated profiles present in the severe pathology group and significant levels of minimized profiles in the low pathology group. Self-referred participants were more likely to exaggerate their pathology, but minimization was not associated with referral status. Nor was there an association between gender and the modifying indices. It is suggested that so-called “fake good” or “fake bad” profiles should not necessarily be treated as invalid, but that elevations in the modifying indices can be interpreted as clinically and forensically relevant information in their own right and should be reported on in research.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::ac7baeeda1939d8f1baeb5c2255f96ef
https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605211001482

المؤلفون: Caroline Kuo, Nevilene Slingers, Ashleigh LoVette, Catherine Mathews

المصدر: Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 37:NP13425-NP13445

مصطلحات موضوعية: Domestic Violence, Adolescent, media_common.quotation_subject, Psychological intervention, Intimate Partner Violence, HIV Infections, Human sexuality, South Africa, Social support, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Risk Factors, Intervention (counseling), Prevalence, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Applied Psychology, media_common, Sexual violence, Sex Offenses, 050901 criminology, 05 social sciences, medicine.disease, Clinical Psychology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Sexual Partners, Domestic violence, Female, Psychological resilience, 0509 other social sciences, Psychology, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Demography

الوصف: South Africa has some of the highest rates of intimate partner and sexual violence globally, with prevalence ranging from 10% to 21% among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). Yet, few studies characterize the relationship between violence and resilience. Identifying factors associated with resilience following exposure to violence can guide the development of strength-based interventions that change modifiable protective factors to bolster resilience. Data were derived from a cross-sectional survey of AGYW aged 15 to 24 years in South Africa that took place from 2017 to 2018. This survey was part of a national evaluation of a South African combination HIV intervention for AGYW funded by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB, and Malaria. A sample of 4,399 observations was achieved through a systematic random sampling frame of 35% of households in districts where AGYW were at highest risk for HIV, and where the intervention was implemented. Resilience was assessed using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Intimate partner and sexual violence were assessed using: (a) an adapted version of a questionnaire from the World Health Organization’s 2005 multicountry study on domestic violence against women, and (b) questions on lifetime experience of forced sex/rape. Nearly a third of AGYW (29.6%) reported intimate partner emotional and/or physical and/or sexual violence in the past year. Nearly a quarter of AGYW (23.74%) reported emotional violence, 17.48% reported physical violence, and 6.37% reported sexual violence from intimate partners. Nearly 8% (7.72%) reported forced sex/rape from intimate partners and/or nonpartners. More equitable gender norms, higher social support, and hazardous drinking were positively associated with higher resilience among those who experienced physical or sexual violence. This study addresses a gap in the resilience and violence literature. Future research should focus on the development of resilience-promoting interventions for individuals who have experienced violence.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::0bbb3d177e8d88721db9db9abf8f5f55
https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605211005158

المؤلفون: William Pickett, Valerie Michaelson, Nicole Shaver

المصدر: Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 37:NP11034-NP11065

مصطلحات موضوعية: Canada, Adolescent, media_common.quotation_subject, 050109 social psychology, Affect (psychology), Developmental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Intervention (counseling), Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Meaning (existential), Child, Crime Victims, Applied Psychology, media_common, Schools, 05 social sciences, Bullying, Cognition, 030229 sport sciences, Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Mental Health, Health promotion, Harm, Happiness, Female, Psychology

الوصف: It has long been established that bullying has many negative impacts on the mental health of adolescents. Young people who are victimized by bullying may cope by drawing on available assets to protect themselves from harm. One such asset with ancient roots but with the potential for contemporary application is the concept of spiritual health—the idea that the connections in our lives (whether to ourselves, others, nature, or something transcendent) affect our well-being. In this study, we examined 12,593 Canadians aged 11–15 years to determine the effects of being victimized by bullying on their mental health, as measured by frequent subjective health complaints. We then explored whether strong spiritual health connections were effect modifiers that buffer such negative pathways, thereby acting as protective health assets. Data were obtained from the 2017/18 Canadian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. Generalized linear regression models were used to estimate associations and evaluate effect modification in different age and gender groups. Approximately 21% of participants reported being victimized by bullying. Strength of “connections to self” (i.e., a sense of meaning/purpose or joy and happiness in one’s life) was found to act as an effect modifier, but in girls alone. Contrary to expectations of a buffering effect, the strongest associations between victimization and frequent health complaints were identified for girls with high connections to self. Relative risks for poor mental health among these highly self-connected girls were 1.63 [95% CI: 1.26–2.12] and 1.25 [1.06–1.47] for younger and older girls, respectively. We interpreted this unexpected finding in light of cognitive theories of trauma, which suggest that adverse events may lead to worse health outcomes among those who place particular value on their world being meaningful, controllable or benevolent. Implications for clinical intervention and health promotion are considered.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::22526c90a64369cf217469b58cb9259c
https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260521989853

المؤلفون: Claire M. Renzetti, Rachel E Davis

المصدر: Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 37:NP9981-NP10006

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, media_common.quotation_subject, Protective factor, Intimate Partner Violence, 050109 social psychology, Self-Control, Faith, Religiosity, Risk Factors, Intervention (counseling), Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Research question, Applied Psychology, media_common, Church attendance, 050901 criminology, 05 social sciences, Men, social sciences, Protective Factors, Prayer, Clinical Psychology, Domestic violence, 0509 other social sciences, Psychology, Clinical psychology

الوصف: Recent research has indicated that religiosity has multiple dimensions and that religious self-regulation may be a more effective predictor of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration than other measures of religiosity, such as frequency of prayer or church attendance. Nonetheless, studies have produced inconsistent results regarding the associations between religious self-regulation and IPV perpetration. Moreover, no studies have included self-reported level of religiosity in addition to religious self-regulation in predictive models of IPV perpetration. The present study sought to address the following research question: What is the association between religious self-regulation and men’s IPV perpetration, accounting for self-reported level of religiosity? A convenience sample of 289 men, who had been in their current committed heterosexual relationship for at least one year, were recruited via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk and responded to an online survey. Logistic and negative binomial regression analyses indicated that introjected religious self-regulation was significantly positively associated with physical, psychological, and sexual IPV perpetration, while identified religious self-regulation was significantly negatively associated with physical, psychological, and sexual IPV perpetration, supporting both hypotheses. These findings have implications for faith leaders and secular service providers seeking to develop effective, culturally sensitive, and empirically informed IPV intervention and prevention strategies.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::4ddd1446a24ca141f66451e167977f1e
https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520985497

المؤلفون: Hilary L. Richardson, Amy Damashek

المصدر: Journal of interpersonal violence. 37(21-22)

مصطلحات موضوعية: media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Psychological intervention, Primary care, law.invention, Treatment and control groups, Randomized controlled trial, Punishment, law, Perception, Intervention (counseling), Spanking, Humans, education, Applied Psychology, media_common, education.field_of_study, Parenting, Primary Health Care, Clinical Psychology, Attitude, Caregivers, Child, Preschool, Psychology, Internet-Based Intervention, Clinical psychology

الوصف: There is a robust and growing literature base indicating that spanking is a common, but potentially problematic, discipline strategy. Goals: Using a randomized controlled trial design, this study examined whether participation in a brief online program, Play Nicely, would result in favorable changes in caregivers’ attitudes toward spanking. The study also examined whether the intervention was equally effective for participants of color (POC) and White participants, and it assessed caregivers’ perceptions of the program’s cultural sensitivity. Methods: Participants were 52 caregivers from 1- to 5-year-old children who were visiting a pediatric clinic. Participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to either engage in the Play Nicely online program ( n = 21) or view a control condition website ( n = 31) in a clinic exam room. Results: There was not a statistically significant difference between the treatment and control groups’ scores on attitudes toward spanking (ATS) at post-test ( F (1, 49) = 1.515, p = 0.224), but a small between-group effect size was detected ( d = 0.20). Within the treatment condition, desired changes in ATS scores were significantly higher among White participants than POC ( t (17) = −2.125, p = 0.049), but there was not a significant difference in reported perceptions of Play Nicely’s cultural acceptability between White participants and POC ( t (19) = 0.469, p = 0.644). Conclusions: Findings suggest a need for further investigation of Play Nicely’s impact on caregivers’ ATS with a larger sample to clarify the program’s utility as a potential population-based tool for parent education and violence prevention. Additional research is needed to identify sociocultural factors that may moderate the effects of spanking interventions for families across diverse racial backgrounds.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::eea489a2c6e32efc641374288ef89e35
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34802302

المؤلفون: Xianhua Liu, Rulan Xiao, Wei Tang

المصدر: Journal of interpersonal violence. 37(21-22)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Mindfulness, Schools, Adolescent, media_common.quotation_subject, Bullying, Self-control, law.invention, Self-Control, Clinical Psychology, Randomized controlled trial, Negatively associated, law, Adolescent Behavior, Intervention (counseling), Trait, Humans, School based, Psychology, Applied Psychology, media_common, Clinical psychology

الوصف: The current study aimed to explore the impact of a school-based mindfulness intervention on bullying behaviors among teenagers. A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted, in which the experimental group ( n = 92) received mindfulness intervention, and the control group ( n = 97) did not. The measured outcomes included: bullying behavior, self-control, and trait mindfulness. The results were as follows: (1) the post-test scores of trait mindfulness and self-control in the experimental group significantly increased ( p < 0.01) while the scores of bullying behavior significantly decreased ( p < 0.01); (2) trait mindfulness was positively associated with self-control (r = 0.13 to 0.63, p < 0.05), whereas trait mindfulness and self-control were both negatively associated with bullying behavior (r = −0.38 to −0.13, p < 0.05); and (3) the mediating effect of self-control accounted for 50% of the overall effect of trait mindfulness on bullying behavior. These findings demonstrated that the school-based mindfulness intervention distinctly improves trait mindfulness and self-control and reduces bullying behavior among teenagers. Moreover, self-control plays a mediating role between trait mindfulness and bullying behavior.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::c60eb6467781a0eeb50bdd92e985a173
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34802328