المؤلفون: David Martin Herold, Łukasz Marzantowicz

المصدر: Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Management Research Review. 47(8):1199-1220

الوصف: Purpose - Neo-institutional theories and their constructs have so far only received limited attention in supply chain management literature. As recent supply chain disruptions and their ripple effects affect actors on a broader institutional level, supply chains are confronted with multiple new and emerging, often conflicting, institutional demands. This study aims to unpack the notion of institutional complexity behind supply chain disruptions and present a novel institutional framework to lower supply chain susceptibility and increase supply chain resilience. Design/methodology/approach - The authors identify the patterns of complexity that shape the supply chain susceptibility, namely, distance, diversity and ambiguity, and present three institutional responses to susceptibility to increase supply chain resilience, namely, institutional entrepreneurship, institutional alignment and institutional layering. Findings - This paper analyses the current situational relevance to better understand the various and patterned ways how logics influence both supply chain susceptibility and the supply chain resilience. The authors derive six propositions on how complexity can be reduced for supply chain susceptibility and can be increased for supply chain resilience. Originality/value - By expanding and extending research on institutional complexity to supply chains, the authors broaden how researchers in supply chain management view supply chain susceptibility, thereby providing managers with theory to think differently about supply chains and its resilience.

الإتاحة: https://ideas.repec.org/a/eme/mrrpps/mrr-08-2023-0572.html

المؤلفون: Khairul Azhar Meerangani, Mohammad Fahmi Abdul Hamid, Nor Azlina Abd Wahab, Abdul Satar, David Martin

المصدر: International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science. 8(5):2076-2083

الوصف: The harmony of a society of various races and religions is a unique identity that Malaysia has had since independence. However, efforts to maintain this harmony are certainly faced with various challenges, especially in the era of information and communication technology boom. The introduction of the ‘Comprehensive Direction of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0)’ and ‘National Digital’ are seen to further increase accessibility and boost Malaysian society’s involvement with ICT. However, the facilities offered have been misused to the point of inviting insults to religion, race and royal institutions, as well as hate speech which is becoming more and more common. The study aims to identify the influence of the 3R elements (Race, Religion, Royalty) on the harmony of society in Malaysia in the era of industrial revolution 4.0 (IR4.0). This study was conducted qualitatively by analyzing literature data, which was further analyzed inductively to summarize the influence of the 3R issue on digital platforms on the harmony of society in Malaysia. After the GE-14 general election, the seeds of tension have started to grow, leading to the birth of sensitive issues, especially related to religion and race, which if not managed well, could potentially lead Malaysia towards division and enmity. Therefore, the 3R element plays an important role as the core of the formation and strengthening of harmony in community relations in Malaysia. On that basis, the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (SKMM) itself has given serious attention to any attempt to sue one of these three main cores. The strengthening of these three elements can be a driving force in creating a more harmonious and responsible multi-racial and religious society, in line with the government’s efforts to build racial unity that is increasingly fragile after GE14.

الإتاحة: https://ideas.repec.org/a/bcp/journl/v8y2024i5p2076-2083.html

المؤلفون: Samuel Berlinski, Maria Marta Ferreyra, Luca Flabbi, Juan David Martin

المصدر: University of Chicago Press, Journal of Political Economy. 132(6):2113-2177

الوصف: We develop and estimate a model of supply and demand for childcare. On the demand side, households make consumption, labor supply, and childcare decisions. On the supply side, centers make entry, price, and quality decisions. In addition, both paid and informal caregivers are available. Child development is a function of the time spent with parents and nonparental care providers. We estimate the model using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort, and perform policy experiments. Vouchers that can be used only in high-quality centers or by working mothers are particularly effective, since they deliver child development gains while increasing mothers’ labor supply.

الإتاحة: https://ideas.repec.org/a/ucp/jpolec/doi10.1086-728698.html

المؤلفون: Diego Gomez-Baya, Maria Muñoz-Parralo, Antonio David Martin-Barrado, Elizabeth Trejos-Castillo, Margarida Gaspar de Matos, Nora Wiium

المصدر: MDPI, Social Sciences. 13(1):1-14

الوصف: The positive youth development (PYD) model is a strength-based conceptualization of the transition to adulthood, in which the relationships that individuals establish within this context are essential. These adaptive contextual–individual interactions allow youths to acquire better psychological adjustment and greater social participation. The PYD model differentiates five areas to be nurtured (the 5Cs) in young people: confidence, competence, connection, caring, and character. The present work aimed to examine differences in overall PYD and its respective 5Cs among Spanish university students based on their socio-demographic characteristics. A cross-sectional study with 1038 students between 18 and 28 years old from 11 Spanish universities was conducted. In order to assess the 5Cs, the Spanish adaptation of the 5Cs of the PYD Short Form was used. When analyzing the variability of the 5Cs according to socio-demographic variables, some relevant differences were found, though with small effect sizes. Students with better scores on the 5Cs included those who were living in the countryside or big cities, studied Social Sciences, were enrolled in small universities, had parents with a high education level, and those who reported high socio-economic status. Women presented higher scores in terms of connection, caring, and character, whereas men reported more perceived competence and confidence, which may be due to gender socialization during adolescence and youth. Families with parents with a higher level of education and of a higher socio-economic level may offer more resources and support greater positive youth development. These social inequalities in PYD may suggest the need for the promotion of equal opportunities in education, health promotion, and social participation, which may allow young people from all backgrounds to develop their individual potential.

الإتاحة: https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jscscx/v13y2023i1p11-d1306034.html

المؤلفون: Benjamin Enke, Uri Gneezy, Brian Hall, David Martin, Vadim Nelidov, Theo Offerman, Jeroen van de Ven

المصدر: MIT Press, The Review of Economics and Statistics. 105(4):818-832

الوصف: Despite decades of research on heuristics and biases, evidence on the effect of large incentives on cognitive biases is scant. We test the effect of incentives on four widely documented biases: base-rate neglect, anchoring, failure of contingent thinking, and intuitive reasoning. In laboratory experiments with 1,236 college students in Nairobi, we implement three incentive levels: no incentives, standard lab payments, and very high incentives. We find that very high stakes increase response times by 40% but improve performance only very mildly or not at all. In none of the tasks do very high stakes come close to debiasing participants.

الإتاحة: https://ideas.repec.org/a/tpr/restat/v105y2023i4p818-832.html

المؤلفون: Monica Alonso, Hortensia Amaris, David Martin, Arturo de la Escalera

المصدر: MDPI, Energies. 16(15):1-20

الوصف: Connected autonomous electric vehicles (CAEVs) are essential actors in the decarbonization process of the transport sector and a key aspect of home energy management systems (HEMSs) along with PV units, CAEVs and battery energy storage systems. However, there are associated uncertainties which present new challenges to HEMSs, such as aleatory EV arrival and departure times, unknown EV battery states of charge at the connection time, and stochastic PV production due to weather and passing cloud conditions. The proposed HEMS is based on proximal policy optimization (PPO), which is a deep reinforcement learning algorithm suitable for continuous complex environments. The optimal solution for HEMS is a tradeoff between CAEV driver’s range anxiety, batteries degradation, and energy consumption, which is solved by means of incentives/penalties in the reinforcement learning formulation. The proposed PPO algorithm was compared to conventional methods such as business-as-usual (BAU) and value iteration (VI) solutions based on dynamic programming. Simulation results indicate that the proposed PPO’s performance showed a daily energy cost reduction of 54% and 27% compared to BAU and VI, respectively. Finally, the developed PPO algorithm is suitable for real-time operations due to its fast execution and good convergence to the optimal solution.

الإتاحة: https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i15p5689-d1205941.html

المؤلفون: Jan Vagedes, Karin Michael, Mohsen Sobh, Mohammad O. A. Islam, Silja Kuderer, Christian Jeske, Anne Kaman, David Martin, Katrin Vagedes, Michael Erhart, Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer, Tomáš Zdraži

المصدر: MDPI, IJERPH. 20(6):1-13

الوصف: Background: COVID-19-related lockdowns and homeschooling have imposed a substantial burden on school-aged children and parents. Waldorf education is a reform-educational concept. Little is known about the situation of German Waldorf families under pandemic conditions. Methods: A cross-sectional, online, parent-proxy survey was conducted regarding the third pandemic wave. The primary outcome was parents’ support needs, assessed with questions from the German COPSY ( CO VID-19 and PSY chological Health) study; the secondary outcome was children’s HRQoL (KIDSCREEN-10, proxy version). Results: We analyzed questionnaires from 431 parents of 511 Waldorf students aged 7 to 17 years. While 70.8% of Waldorf parents (WPs) reported a general need for support in dealing with their children, 59.9% of COPSY parents (CPs) indicated this need. WPs’ support needs in dealing with their children’s academic demands were similar to CPs’ needs but relatively higher in terms of dealing with emotions and moods, behavior, and relationships within the family. WPs sought support mainly from school and teachers (65.6%). Support needs were high, although WPs rated their children’s HRQoL higher than CPs. Conclusions: Our results underline the substantial pandemic-related burden on families across school types. WPs participating in this survey gave evidence that supports should focus on academic demands as well as psychosocial issues.

الإتاحة: https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v20y2023i6p4756-d1090903.html

المؤلفون: Juan Esteban Carranza, Juan David Martin, Álvaro José Riascos

المصدر: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Review. 104(1):1-16

الوصف: We calibrate a macroeconomic model with epidemiological restrictions using Colombian data. The key feature of our model is that a portion of the population is immune and cannot transmit the virus, which improves substantially the fit of the model to the observed contagion and economic activity data. The model implies that during 2020, government restrictions and the endogenous changes in individual behavior saved around 15,000 lives and decreased consumption by about 4.7 percent. The results suggest that most of this effect was the result of government policies.

الإتاحة: https://ideas.repec.org/a/fip/fedlrv/93338.html

المؤلفون: Ricarda Möhler, Ekkehart Jenetzky, Silke Schwarz, Moritz Gwiasda, Larisa Rathjens, Henrik Szoke, David Martin

المصدر: MDPI, IJERPH. 19(21):1-13

الوصف: Parents’ confidence regarding their children’s fever is a key factor in its management and there is still unnecessary anxiety and associated antipyretic overuse. The FeverApp application collects naturalistic real-time data on febrile infections and educates parents on fever management. Logistic regression examined the associations between (1) parental confidence and (2) antipyretics use with fever relevant parameters. First entry data of 3721 children (mean age 21 months; SD 22.97) was assessed. A total of 58.0% of parents felt confident upon first fever documentation. Warning signs [OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.40–0.61], dehydration [OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.52–0.81], fever [OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.57–0.80] and having a female child [OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.66–0.90] had the highest negative association with parental confidence. Antipyretics were used initially in 14.7% of children. Fever had the highest positive [OR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.89–3.50] and well-being the highest negative association with antipyretic use [OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.22–0.63). In the first entry data, parental confidence was related to children’s health condition in a reasonable medical manner. The use of antipyretics was mostly associated with febrile temperature, but also low well-being. Thus, associations were partly in accordance with recent guidelines.

الإتاحة: https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i21p14502-d963777.html

المؤلفون: Marin Bedoiseau, David Martin, Conrad Boton

المصدر: MDPI, Sustainability. 14(16):1-15

الوصف: The implementation of a common data environment (CDE) in the construction industry appears to be crucial for organizing and managing the flow of important information within construction projects effectively. However, it is observed that the investments and the costs associated with setting up such environments are often dissuasive, particularly for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). By launching the Plan BIM 2022 in 2017, the French government aimed to combat the emerging digital divide between large and small construction companies. At the heart of this state-funded plan was the development of a CDE-like collaborative platform called KROQI. The work presented in this article proposes a three-level matrix to characterize common data environments based on computer-supported collaboration work theories. The paper demonstrates how KROQI can be characterized as a level-2 CDE solution. Based on a preliminary study, it explores the perception and satisfaction of practitioners with respect to the features proposed by KROQI. The results show that, among the large variety of features proposed, some are hardly ever used. Therefore, while KROQI appears to be an excellent industry-wide solution aimed at federating initiatives towards digital collaboration centered around BIM models, there is definitely room for improvement.

الإتاحة: https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i16p10455-d894848.html