المؤلفون: McCambridge, Jim, Kypri, Kypros, Boehnke, Jan R., Bero, Lisa, Bendtsen, Marcus

المصدر: BMC Public Health; 6/24/2024, Vol. 24 Issue 1, p1-9, 9p

مصطلحات موضوعية: RESEARCH personnel, ALCOHOL industry, CONFLICT of interests, OPENNESS to experience, DECISION making, TOBACCO use

مستخلص: Background: It is well established that the tobacco industry used research funding as a deliberate tactic to subvert science. There has been little wider attention to how researchers think about accepting industry funding. We developed, then tested, hypotheses about two psychological constructs, namely, entitlement and conflict of interest contrarianism (CoI-C) among alcohol researchers who had previously received industry funding. Methods: A mixed-methods pilot study involved construct and instrument development, followed by an online survey and nested 3-arm randomised trial. We randomly allocated alcohol industry funding recipients to one of three conditions. In two experimental conditions we asked participants questions to remind them (and thus increase the salience) of their sense of entitlement or CoI-C. We compared these groups with a control group who did not receive any reminder. The outcome was a composite measure of openness to working with the alcohol industry. Results: 133 researchers were randomised of whom 79 completed the experiment. The posterior distribution over effect estimates revealed that there was a 94.8% probability that reminding researchers of their CoI-C led them to self-report being more receptive to industry funding, whereas the probability was 68.1% that reminding them of their sense of entitlement did so. Biomedical researchers reported being more open to working with industry than did psychosocial researchers. Conclusion: Holding contrarian views on conflict of interest could make researchers more open to working with industry. This study shows how it is possible to study researcher decision-making using quantitative experimental methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Kang, EunKyo, Ju, HyoRim, Kim, Soojeong, Choi, Juyoung

المصدر: BMC Public Health; 4/2/2024, Vol. 24 Issue 1, p1-9, 9p

مصطلحات موضوعية: THYROID cancer, LANGUAGE models, SOCIAL media, EARLY detection of cancer, SENTIMENT analysis, PATIENT experience, HEALTH websites, MEDICAL screening

مصطلحات جغرافية: SOUTH Korea

مستخلص: Background: Thyroid cancer overdiagnosis is a major public health issue in South Korea, which has the highest incidence rate. The accessibility of information through the Internet, particularly on YouTube, could potentially impact excessive screening. This study aimed to analyze the content of thyroid cancer-related YouTube videos, particularly those from 2016 onwards, to evaluate the potential spread of misinformation. Methods: A total of 326 videos for analysis were collected using a video search protocol with the keyword "thyroid cancer" on YouTube. This study classified the selected YouTube videos as either provided by medical professionals or not and used topic clustering with LDA (latent dirichlet allocation), sentiment analysis with KoBERT (Korean bidirectional encoder representations from transformers), and reliability evaluation to analyze the content. The proportion of mentions of poor prognosis for thyroid cancer and the categorization of advertising content was also analyzed. Results: Videos by medical professionals were categorized into 7 topics, with "Thyroid cancer is not a 'Good cancer'" being the most common. The number of videos opposing excessive thyroid cancer screening decreased gradually yearly. Videos advocating screening received more favorable comments from viewers than videos opposing excessive thyroid cancer screening. Patient experience videos were categorized into 6 topics, with the "Treatment process and after-treatment" being the most common. Conclusion: This study found that a significant proportion of videos uploaded by medical professionals on thyroid cancer endorse the practice, potentially leading to excessive treatments. The study highlights the need for medical professionals to provide high-quality and unbiased information on social media platforms to prevent the spread of medical misinformation and the need for criteria to judge the content and quality of online health information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Dodd-Reynolds, Caroline, Griffin, Naomi, Kyle, Phillippa, Scott, Steph, Fairbrother, Hannah, Holding, Eleanor, Crowder, Mary, Woodrow, Nicholas, Summerbell, Carolyn

المصدر: BMC Public Health; 3/15/2024, Vol. 24 Issue 1, p1-12, 12p

مصطلحات موضوعية: YOUNG adults, POOR communities, PHYSICAL activity, EMOTIONAL experience, INTERSECTIONALITY, QUALITATIVE research

مصطلحات جغرافية: ENGLAND, UNITED Kingdom

مستخلص: Background: Intersecting socioeconomic and demographic reasons for physical activity (PA) inequalities are not well understood for young people at risk of experiencing marginalisation and living with disadvantage. This study explored young people's experiences of PA in their local area, and the associated impacts on opportunities for good physical and emotional health and wellbeing. Methods: Seven local youth groups were purposefully sampled from disadvantaged areas across urban, rural and coastal areas of England, including two that were specifically for LGBTQ + young people. Each group engaged in three interlinked focus groups which explored young people's perceptions and lived experience of PA inequalities. Data were analysed using an inductive, reflexive thematic approach to allow for flexibility in coding. Results: Fifty five young people aged 12–21 years of different sexualities, gender and ethnicity took part. Analysis yielded four themes: PA experiences across spaces; resigned to a lack of inclusivity and 'belonging'; safety first; complexities in access and accessibility. Young people felt more comfortable to be active in spaces that were simpler to navigate, particularly outdoor locations largely based in nature. In contrast, local gyms and sports clubs, and the school environment in general, were spoken about often in negative terms and as spaces where they experienced insecurity, unsafety or discomfort. It was common for these young people to feel excluded from PA, often linked to their gender and sexuality. Lived experiences or fears of being bullied and harassed in many activity spaces was a powerful message, but in contrast, young people perceived their local youth club as a safe space. Intersecting barriers related to deprivation, gender and sexuality, accessibility, disability, Covid-19, affordability, ethnicity, and proximity of social networks. A need emerged for safe spaces in which young people can come together, within the local community and choose to be active. Conclusions: The overarching concept of 'physical activity insecurity' emerged as a significant concern for the young people in this study. We posit that PA insecurity in this context can be described as a limited or restricted ability to be active, reinforced by worries and lived experiences of feeling uncomfortable, insecure, or unsafe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Zhang, Jinxin, Sun, Xiaojie, Yao, Aaron

المصدر: BMC Public Health; 2/12/2024, Vol. 24 Issue 1, p1-11, 11p

مصطلحات موضوعية: PATIENTS' attitudes, PRIMARY care, INPATIENT care, PATIENT experience, PANEL analysis

مصطلحات جغرافية: CHINA

مستخلص: Objective: This study aims to describe the preference for primary healthcare (PHC) and investigate associated factors among homebound residents in both rural and urban areas of China. It provides valuable insights to facilitate the rational allocation of healthcare resources and promote the utilization of PHC. Methods: In this nationally representative cross-sectional study, we utilized the most recent data (2020) from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). Participants were recruited from 25 provincial-level administrative regions in both rural and urban areas of China. Homebound patients were asked to provide details about their individual characteristics, variables related to family caregiving, and preferences for PHC. Multivariable logistic models were used to analyze potential factors associated with preference for PHC. Estimates of association were reported as odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The study found that 58.43% of rural patients reported a preference for PHC, while 42.78% of urban patients favored PHC. Compared to rural participants who did not received inpatient care in the past year, those who received inpatient care in the past year had 67% lower odds of choosing PHC (OR:0.33, 95% CI:0.19–0.59); Compared to rural participants who did not received family caregiving when ill, those who received family caregiving when ill had 59% lower odds of choosing PHC (OR: 0.41, 95% CI:0.21–0.77). Correspondingly, Compared to urban participants who did not received inpatient care in the past year, those who had received inpatient care in the past year had 75% lower odds of choosing PHC (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.10–0.56); Compared to urban participants who did not received family caregiving when ill, those who received family caregiving when ill had 73% lower odds of choosing PHC (OR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.11–0.63); Compared to urban participants who with agricultural Hukou, those with Non-agricultural Hukou had 61% lower odds of choosing PHC (OR: 0.39, 95% CI:0.18–0.83); Compared to urban participants living in the eastern part of mainland China, those living in the central part of China had 188% higher odds of choosing PHC (OR: 2.88, 95% CI: 1.14–7.29). Conclusion: Policymakers should focus on tailoring PHC to vulnerable populations and prioritizing family-based public health strategies for enhancing homebound patients' perceptions of PHC. Furthermore, further study is needed on whether the Hukou registration system affects the barriers that homebound patients experience in choosing healthcare providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Harris, Ricci, Cormack, Donna, Waa, Andrew, Edwards, Richard, Stanley, James

المصدر: BMC Public Health; 1/9/2024, Vol. 24 Issue 1, p1-11, 11p

مصطلحات موضوعية: NEW Zealanders, RACISM, RACIAL inequality, PATIENT experience, PROPENSITY score matching

مصطلحات جغرافية: NEW Zealand

مستخلص: Background: Racism is an important determinant of health and driver of racial/ethnic health inequities. Experience of racism has been linked to negative healthcare use and experiences although most studies have been cross-sectional. This study examines the relationship between reported experience of racism and subsequent use and experience of health services. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study design. The 2016/2017 adult New Zealand Health Survey (NZHS) provided the sampling frame and baseline data on exposures, health status and confounders. This stand-alone study invited all exposed individuals to participate when sampled based on their reported experience of racism (ever), stratified by broad ethnic groupings (Māori, Pacific, Asian, European/Other). Equal numbers of unexposed participants were selected for invitation using propensity score matching (propensity to experience racism, based on key available predictive factors). Follow-up was one to two years after NZHS interview. Outcome variables (last 12 months) were: unmet healthcare need (overall, for mental health, for a general practitioner); satisfaction with usual medical centre; and experiences with general practitioners (explaining care, involvement in decision-making, treated with respect/dignity, confidence and trust). Logistic regression models examining the association between experience of racism (at baseline) and health service use and experience (at follow-up) used doubly-robust estimation to weight for propensity scores used in the sampling with additional adjustment for confounders. Results: The study had 2010 participants. Experience of racism (ever) at baseline was associated with higher overall unmet need at follow-up (adjusted OR (aOR) = 1.71, 95% CI 1.31, 2.23), with similar patterns for other unmet need measures. Experience of racism was associated with higher dissatisfaction with a usual medical centre (aOR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.10, 1.81) and with higher reporting of negative patient experiences. Conclusion: In line with how racism structures oppression, exposure to racism is largely felt by non-European groups in Aotearoa New Zealand. Experiences of racism potentially lead to poorer healthcare and healthcare inequities through higher unmet need, lower satisfaction and more negative experiences of healthcare. The health system has a critical role to play in addressing racism within healthcare and supporting societal efforts to eliminate racism and ethnic inequities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Mohamed, Fatma, Shoufan, Abdulhadi

المصدر: BMC Public Health; 1/3/2024, Vol. 24 Issue 1, p1-16, 16p

مصطلحات موضوعية: USER experience, QUANTITATIVE research, EDUCATIONAL attainment

مستخلص: Background: This study focuses on health-related content (HRC) on YouTube and addresses the issue of misinformation on this platform. While previous research centered on content evaluations by experts, this study takes a user-centered approach and aims to explore users' experiences with and perceptions of HRC videos and to establish links between these perceptions and some socio-demographic characteristics including age, gender, profession, and educational level. Methods: A quantitative research design was used in the study. 3,000 YouTube users responded to a 35-item anonymous questionnaire to collect information about the content they watch toward decision-making, their perceptions of the usefulness and bias of this content, what they identify as quality indicators for HRC, and what they recommend to improve the quality of such content on YouTube. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, frequency, and correlation analyses. Results: The results reveal that 87.6 percent (n=2630) of the participants watch HRC on YouTube, and 84.7 percent (n=2542) make decisions based on what they watch. Exercise and bodybuilding videos are the most popular, with over half of the participants watching them. 40 percent of the users watch YouTube videos to decide whether to consult a doctor or adopt specific health-related practices. In contrast to evaluations by experts in previous studies, most respondents perceive HRC videos on YouTube as useful and do not find connections between video quality and surface features like the number of views and likes. Weak or no correlations were observed between the perceived usefulness of HRC videos and age, gender, profession, or educational level. Participants' recommendations for enhancing HRC quality align with previous research findings. Conclusions: Users turn to YouTube not only for health information but also as a decision-making tool. Combined with their generally positive attitudes towards content quality on this platform, this can have significant consequences for their health. Follow-up studies are needed to get more insights into decision-making behaviors and how users assess their decisions in retrospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Wilson, Shawn^{Aff1, IDs12889023173200_cor1}, Miller, Alison Moira, Casson, Destiny, Ramos, William D.

المصدر: BMC Public Health. 23(1)

المؤلفون: Houlihan, Amy E.^{Aff1, IDs12889023166352_cor1}, Zaikman, Yuliana, Alford, Allison M.

المصدر: BMC Public Health. 23(1)

المؤلفون: Luo, Shuyu, Feng, Lian, Zhao, Jiabao^{Aff3, IDs12889023165364_cor3}

المصدر: BMC Public Health. 23(1)

المؤلفون: Tenaw, Zelalem^{Aff1, IDs1288902316511z_cor1}, Gari, Taye, Gebretsadik, Achamyelesh

المصدر: BMC Public Health. 23(1)