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المؤلفون: Nav Persaud, Georgia C. Richards, Kamal R Mahtani, Carl Heneghan, Constantinos Koshiaris, Jeffrey K Aronson
المصدر: BMJ Global Health
BMJ Global Health, Vol 5, Iss 11 (2020)مصطلحات موضوعية: medicine.medical_specialty, Loperamide, Population, World Health Organization, Essential medicines, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Fentanyl, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Health care, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Original Research, lcsh:R5-920, education.field_of_study, treatment, business.industry, Codeine, public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, health policy, Analgesics, Opioid, Cross-Sectional Studies, Emergency medicine, epidemiology, pharmacology, Health Expenditures, lcsh:Medicine (General), business, Drugs, Essential, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug, Methadone
الوصف: IntroductionOpioids are deemed essential medicines by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, many countries have inadequate access to them. Whether including opioids in national essential medicines lists (EMLs) influences national opioid consumption has not been evaluated.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study to determine whether the listing of opioids in national EMLs was associated with consumption. We quantified the numbers and types of all opioids included in 137 national EMLs, for comparison with opioids in the WHO’s Model List of Essential Medicines. Using the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) consumption statistics for 2015–2017, we assessed the relation between annual mean opioid consumption (mg/person) and the numbers of opioids included in EMLs, controlling for region, population, healthcare expenditure, life expectancy, gross domestic product, human development and corruption.ResultsFive opioids were included in the 20th edition of the WHO’s Model List of Essential Medicines: codeine, fentanyl, loperamide, methadone and morphine. On average, countries’ lists included significantly (pConclusionsIncluding opioids in national EMLs was not associated with consumption. National EMLs should be regularly updated to reflect the availability of opioids and the populations’ needs for managing pain.
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