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المؤلفون: Elif I. Gürbüz, David Martin Alonso, James A. Dumesic, Carlos A. Henao, Christos T. Maravelias, S. Murat Sen, Stephanie G. Wettstein

المصدر: Energy & Environmental Science. 5:9690

مصطلحات موضوعية: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Biomass, Sulfuric acid, Combustion, Pulp and paper industry, Pollution, Catalysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Biofuel, Levulinic acid, Environmental Chemistry, Organic chemistry, Gasoline, Butyl acetate

الوصف: In this study, we first develop an integrated strategy for the catalytic conversion of lignocellulose into liquid fuels based on the production of levulinic acid (LA) followed by its hydrogenation to γ-valerolactone (GVL). Our integrated strategy involves a novel catalytic conversion process employing alkylphenol-based separation to extract LA from the sulfuric acid containing aqueous solution following the sulfuric acid catalyzed deconstruction of cellulose. To minimize utility consumption, we perform heat integration, while the remaining heating requirement is satisfied by the combustion of residual biomass. Hot combustion gases are also used to generate electricity, which meets the electricity requirement of the process, while the excess electricity is sold to the grid. We perform a technoeconomic analysis for the alkylphenol-based strategy and compare its economics with a previously reported strategy, in which butyl acetate was used as an extractive solvent to separate GVL from sulfuric acid following the LA hydrogenation step. With some improvements in the process configuration, the alkylphenol strategy leads to a minimum selling price (MSP) of $4.40 per gallon of gasoline equivalent (GGE) for compatible biofuel components, whereas the butyl acetate strategy leads to a MSP of $4.68 per GGE. We show that the alkylphenol strategy becomes a significantly better choice when the catalyst lifetime for the hydrogenation of LA becomes less than 6 months.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::8e76a83c1b7e29406b4036b0922dc7ad
https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ee22526c

المؤلفون: David Martin Alonso, James A. Dumesic, Stephanie G. Wettstein, Yuxuan Chong

المصدر: Energy & Environmental Science. 5:8199

مصطلحات موضوعية: chemistry.chemical_classification, Aqueous solution, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Chemistry, Salt (chemistry), Pollution, Catalysis, gamma-Valerolactone, Solvent, chemistry.chemical_compound, surgical procedures, operative, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, immune system diseases, Humin, Levulinic acid, Environmental Chemistry, Organic chemistry, Cellulose

الوصف: Cellulose deconstruction at 428 K was studied in biphasic reaction systems consisting of GVL and aqueous solutions containing HCl (0.1–1.25 M) and a solute, such as salt or sugar. This biphasic system achieves high yields of levulinic and formic acids (e.g., 70%), and leads to complete solubilization of cellulose. The GVL solvent extracts the majority of the levulinic acid (e.g., greater than 75%), which can subsequently be converted to GVL over a carbon-supported Ru–Sn catalyst. This approach for cellulose conversion eliminates the need to separate the final product from the solvent, because the GVL product is the solvent. In addition, this approach eliminates the deposition of solid humin species in the cellulose deconstruction reactor, allowing these species to be collected and used for other processing options.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::d8bd123813c6714db492132bf9439b7c
https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ee22111j

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