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1دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Leah Joyner, Blanca Yagüe, Adrienne Cachelin, Jeffrey Rose
المصدر: Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, Vol 11, Iss 2 (2022)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Food Apartheid, Urban Agriculture, Redlining, Food Justice, Critical Geographies of Food, Food Deserts, Agriculture, Human settlements. Communities, HT51-65
الوصف: Through community-engaged research, we investigate how political and economic practices have created food apartheid and the ways in which this legacy complicates efforts toward equitable urban agriculture in Salt Lake City (SLC). The study takes place in SLC’s Westside, where an ample number of farms and gardens exist, yet food insecurity is a persistent issue. We partner with a small urban CSA farm operating in a USDA-designated food desert in SLC’s Westside to explore the farmers’ own questions about whom their farm is serving and the farms’ potential to contribute to food justice in their community. Specifically, we examine (1) the member distribution of this urban CSA farm and (2) the underlying socio-political, economic, and geographic factors, such as inequitable access to land, housing, urban agriculture, food, and transportation, that contribute to this distribution. GIS analyses, developed with community partners, reveal spatial patterns between contemporary food insecurity and ongoing socioeconomic disparities matching 1930s residential redlining maps. These data resonate with a critical geographic approach to food apartheid and inform a need for deeper and more holistic strategies for food sovereignty through urban agriculture in SLC. While resource constraints may prevent some small farmers from attending to these issues, partnerships in praxis can build capacity and engender opportunities to investigate and disrupt the racial hierarchies enmeshed in federal agricultural policy, municipal zoning, and residential homeownership programs that perpetuate food apartheid.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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2دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Innocent Awasom
المصدر: Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, Vol 11, Iss 1 (2021)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Food Gardens, Urban Agriculture, Food Security, Food Deserts, Agriculture, Human settlements. Communities, HT51-65
الوصف: First paragraph: Rural exodus and increased urbanization have led to the development of urban slums in major cities across the world, resulting in food insecurity. Food deserts and food pantries are cropping up in the developed world as famine and malnutrition ravage parts of the developing world, exacerbated by endless conflicts. Therefore, food systems and value chains are facing pressures and are increasingly vulnerable due to strains on natural ecosystems and the impact of climate change. These strains have impacted not only land use, but also soil quality, leading to reduced quantity and quality of food available at reasonable costs to the urban poor. Thus, there is an urgent need for creative methods of food production in the urban centers to improve the sustainable food supply value chain. Food gardens as part of urban agriculture have the potential to mitigate the rise in hunger and food insecurity as it has inherent health, socio-cultural, environmental, and economic benefits as documented by Lawson (2005) and in Soleri, Cleveland, and Smith’s Food Gardens for a Changing World. Urban food gardens provide fresh, nutritious food that alleviates hunger and improves the health and wellbeing of the local community—plus any excess produce can be sold for additional income. Food gardens improve urban environmental quality and carbon footprint, and add value as places of community connection, networking, and empowerment.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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3دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Karen Emmerman, lauren Ornelas
المصدر: Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, Vol 10, Iss 4 (2021)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Food Justice, Food Access, Healthy Foods, Food Deserts, Food Apartheid, Inclusive, Agriculture, Human settlements. Communities, HT51-65
الوصف: First paragraph: Food Empowerment Project (F.E.P.) is a vegan food justice nonprofit in northern California. We focus on making a more just and sustainable food system for everyone involved. Since injustice in the food system crosses the species barrier, we work to connect the dots between the exploitation of human and nonhuman animals. We focus our efforts on four main areas: ending the use of animals in the food system, improving access to healthy foods in Black, Brown, and low-income communities, exposing the worst forms of child labor (including slavery) in the chocolate industry, and advocating for farmworker rights. These seemingly disparate areas have much in common: they are interlocking forms of oppression, marginalization, and domination in the food system. We recognize that the intersecting nature of oppression necessitates a nuanced response. For example, as an organization working on both farmworker justice and food apartheid, we cannot advocate for lowering the price of food as this would negatively impact produce workers who already suffer grave systemic injustice. Instead, we advocate for equality of access and living wages for everyone.[1] In this piece, we focus on our approach to the lack of access to healthy foods, and specifically our community-based efforts in Vallejo, California. [1] Food Empowerment Project does not use the common term “food deserts” to describe areas impacted by lack of access to healthy foods. We prefer “food apartheid.” Deserts are naturally occurring phenomena. “Food apartheid” better captures the deliberate systemic, political, and racist origins of the food crisis faced in Black, Brown, Indigenous, and low-income communities.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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4دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Zeenat Kotval-K, Shruti Khandelwal, Kendra Wills
المصدر: Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, Vol 10, Iss 3 (2021)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Food Deserts, Food Access, Alternative Grocery, Public Transit, Perception of Barriers, Agriculture, Human settlements. Communities, HT51-65
الوصف: Low access and low income are two of the primary factors used in determining the food desert designation by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Low access is defined as a geographical area where 33% or more people are living beyond one mile from a supermarket in an urban region, and a low-income area is defined as one with a poverty rate of either 20% or more, or median family income falling below 80% of statewide or metropolitan area family income. These criteria have been in place for several years now. This study aims to assess the adequacy of these criteria for food desert designation and further investigate perceptions of barriers to fresh and healthy foods and measure physical ‘access’ for those reliant on the public transportation in the city of Grand Rapids, Michigan. The study includes a preliminary price comparative analysis of selected fresh foods in local grocery stores, spatial mapping using GIS to measure accessibility, and interviews with families at three schools located in food desert census tracts. Results of this study indicate that, first, there are other factors to consider when designating areas as food deserts such as public transit availability and inclusion of alternate food retail stores where fresh and healthy foods may be purchased, and secondly, perceptions of barriers to access fresh and healthy foods for families depend on mobility and cost preferences. Implications include a greater awareness of transit availability, alternate venues, acceptance of federal benefits such as SNAP-EBT, and incentivizing existing stores to sell healthier produce in disadvantaged areas.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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5دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Alex Hill
المصدر: Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, Vol 10, Iss 3 (2021)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Foodways, Food Deserts, Food Access, Food Provisioning, Shopping Preferences, Grocery Stores, Agriculture, Human settlements. Communities, HT51-65
الوصف: Detroit is regularly assumed to be a “food desert” despite contradicting evidence. With fruits and vegetables available at each of Detroit’s 70 independent, full-line grocery stores, there remains a lack of understanding among media and academics of residents’ perception and preferences for food access. A baseline study was initiated during the summer of 2014 to understand residents’ own perceptions of food access and to assess the socio-cultural foodways utilized by residents. A total of 207 Detroit residents participated in focus groups and interviews to discuss food provisioning. Residents identified a wide range of food access points, from home gardens and fishing to specialty meat markets and big-box stores. However, 60% of residents reported that their primary grocery store was a chain supermarket outside the city limits. Residents highlighted “customer service” and in-store treatment as key factors in choosing where to shop for food. These new findings present contradictions to assumptions about food access in Detroit and similar cities. The findings point to a significant opportunity to leverage geo-ethnographic methods in order to focus on resident perceptions and preferences to improve food access.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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6دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Jennifer Sumner, M. Derya Tarhan, J. J. McMurtry
المصدر: Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, Vol 9, Iss B (2019)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Colonially Structured Food Deserts, Food Procurement, Indigenous Communities, Nutrition Transition, Place-Based Food Systems, Social Economy, Agriculture, Human settlements. Communities, HT51-65
الوصف: This paper reports on alternative food procurement initiatives in Canadian Indigenous communities. Like many communities around the world, they have experienced the ‘nutrition transition’ toward nutritionally compromised industrial food, with debilitating results. Much of this change in nutritional status has been created by a lethal combination of self-serving government policy and predatory corporate practice that ghettoizes Indigenous communities within a for-profit pseudo-food system. To find solutions to the colonially structured food deserts imposed on them, many Indigenous communities have turned to the social economy, initiating projects such as community gardens, greenhouses, and co-operatives. While largely unrecognized in the wider world, these initiatives are created and managed by communities, for the benefit of communities, giving us a deeper understanding of what place-based food systems can accomplish. Note: This paper is also part of the proceedings of the Place-Based Food Systems Conference, published as JAFSCD volume 9, supplement 1.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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7دورية أكاديمية
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8دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Kelly Moore, Bruce Waite, David Dinkins, Marilyn E. Swisher, Alia Delong, Tracy Johns
المصدر: Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, Vol 6, Iss 1 (2016)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Food Insecurity, Food Systems, Food Deserts, Needs Assessments, Agriculture, Human settlements. Communities, HT51-65
الوصف: Many community organizations addressing aspects of food insecurity have not traditionally participated in food systems development and are often not familiar with the populations most affected by food insecurity. Needs assessments are commonly used to better understand community issues and target populations, but can they be lengthy processes that often require significant resources to facilitate. We present a case study of Duval County, Florida, in which we develop an assessment procedure for identifying food-insecure communities and determining the specific locations in which food-security programming has the greatest potential to increase local fruit and vegetable purchasing by SNAP households. This assessment draws on existing databases, thus reducing the resources required to conduct the analysis and allowing organizations to implement programming in a timely manner in areas where there is potential to see the greatest gains in reducing food insecurity.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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9دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: John Van Hoesen, Brandy Bunkley, Cody Currier
المصدر: Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, Vol 3, Iss 2 (2016)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Food Access, Food Deserts, GIS, Locavore, Rural, Vermont, Agriculture, Human settlements. Communities, HT51-65
الوصف: There is generally consensus regarding the methodology used to identify and visualize food deserts in urban centers, and to a lesser extent those in rural communities. The primary factor in food desert mapping, however, is distance to food provider without regard for the nutritional value of the food itself. The purpose of this paper is to offer a broader approach toward refining the food desert concept by incorporating a qualitative ranking of food providers based on the likelihood that they offer healthier food options. We apply this technique to Rutland County in rural Vermont by incorporating traditional grocery stores, supermarkets, big-box stores, general stores, and gas stations, and also including smaller food providers such as farmers' markets, co-ops, farm stands, and community supported agriculture operations. This approach could shift the methodology of identifying food deserts away from just using driving time and distance traveled to food providers meeting a minimum square footage. We propose a methodology that calculates distance to different types of food providers that also evaluates whether consumers have access to healthier food options.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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10دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Mahbubur R. Meenar, Brandon M. Hoover
المصدر: Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, Vol 3, Iss 1 (2016)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Community Food Security, Community Gardens, Food Access, Food Deserts, Food Justice, GIS, Agriculture, Human settlements. Communities, HT51-65
الوصف: This paper examines the role of urban agriculture (UA) projects in relieving food insecurity in lower-income neighborhoods of post-industrial U.S. cities, using Philadelphia as a case study. Based on food justice literature and mixed-methods such as GIS, survey, field observations, and interviews, we discuss how neighborhoods, nearby residents, and the local food economy interact with UA projects. Our findings suggest that, although UA projects occupy a vital place in the fight against community food insecurity in disadvantaged inner-city neighborhoods, there are debates and concerns associated with the movement. These concerns include geographic, economic, and informational accessibility of UA projects; social exclusion in the movement; spatial mismatch between UA participants and neighborhood socioeconomic and racial profiles; distribution of fresh produce to populations under poverty and hunger; and UA's economic contributions in underprivileged neighborhoods. Finally, we outline future research directions that are significant to understanding the practice of UA.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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