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المؤلفون: Ernest Tyburski, Monika Mak, Błażej Misiak, Jerzy Samochowiec, Katarzyna Waszczuk, Katarzyna Rek-Owodziń
المصدر: Journal of Clinical Medicine
Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 2515, p 2515 (2021)مصطلحات موضوعية: Psychosis, Review, ultra-high risk, behavioral disciplines and activities, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neuroimaging, Fractional anisotropy, Fasciculus, Medicine, Inferior longitudinal fasciculus, biology, business.industry, Superior longitudinal fasciculus, General Medicine, diffusion tensor imaging, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 030227 psychiatry, medicine.anatomical_structure, DTI, Schizophrenia, Connectome, business, white matter, fractional anisotropy, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology
الوصف: Schizophrenia is a severe and disabling mental illness whose etiology still remains unclear. The available literature indicates that there exist white matter (WM) abnormalities in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Recent developments in modern neuroimaging methods have enabled the identification of the structure, morphology, and function of the underlying WM fibers in vivo. The purpose of this paper is to review the existing evidence about WM abnormalities in individuals at ultra-high risk of psychosis (UHR) with the use of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) available from the National Center for Biotechnology Information PubMed (Medline) and Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition databases. Of 358 relevant articles identified, 25 papers published in the years 2008–2020 were ultimately included in the review. Most of them supported the presence of subtle aberrations in WM in UHR individuals, especially in the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), and the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF). These alterations may therefore be considered a promising neurobiological marker for the risk of psychosis. However, due to methodological discrepancies and the relative scarcity of evidence, further investigation is called for, especially into connectome analysis in UHR patients.
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المؤلفون: Matthijs G. Bossong, Shiral S. Gangadin, Hella Janssen, Albert Batalla
المصدر: Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 8, Iss 7, p 1058 (2019)
Journal of Clinical medicine, 8(7). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Journal of Clinical Medicineمصطلحات موضوعية: cannabis, SYMPTOMS, USE DISORDER, medicine.medical_treatment, HIGH-POTENCY CANNABIS, lcsh:Medicine, Craving, Review, cannabidiol, 0302 clinical medicine, psychosis, SCHIZOPHRENIC-PATIENTS, BRAIN, media_common, biology, General Medicine, RECEPTORS, surgical procedures, operative, substance use disorders, Schizophrenia, CBD, addiction, medicine.symptom, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, Psychosis, media_common.quotation_subject, ANANDAMIDE LEVELS, digestive system, ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM, 03 medical and health sciences, MEDICATION, mental disorders, medicine, Journal Article, 1ST-EPISODE PSYCHOSIS, Psychiatry, Antipsychotic, business.industry, Addiction, lcsh:R, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, digestive system diseases, 030227 psychiatry, schizophrenia, Cannabis, Cannabinoid, business, Cannabidiol, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
الوصف: The endogenous cannabinoid (eCB) system plays an important role in the pathophysiology of both psychotic disorders and substance use disorders (SUDs). The non-psychoactive cannabinoid compound, cannabidiol (CBD) is a highly promising tool in the treatment of both disorders. Here we review human clinical studies that investigated the efficacy of CBD treatment for schizophrenia, substance use disorders, and their comorbidity. In particular, we examined possible profiles of patients who may benefit the most from CBD treatment. CBD, either as monotherapy or added to regular antipsychotic medication, improved symptoms in patients with schizophrenia, with particularly promising effects in the early stages of illness. A potential biomarker is the level of anandamide in blood. CBD and THC mixtures showed positive effects in reducing short-term withdrawal and craving in cannabis use disorders. Studies on schizophrenia and comorbid substance use are lacking. Future studies should focus on the effects of CBD on psychotic disorders in different stages of illness, together with the effects on comorbid substance use. These studies should use standardized measures to assess cannabis use. In addition, future efforts should be taken to study the relationship between the eCB system, GABA/glutamate, and the immune system to reveal the underlying neurobiology of the effects of CBD.
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