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المؤلفون: Elizabeth W. Dunn, Eugene M. Caruso, Ashley V. Whillans
المصدر: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 70:242-250
مصطلحات موضوعية: Generosity, Sociology and Political Science, Social Psychology, media_common.quotation_subject, Self, 05 social sciences, Appeal, 050109 social psychology, Altruism, 050105 experimental psychology, Prosocial behavior, Agency (sociology), Selfishness, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Psychology, Social psychology, Socioeconomic status, media_common
الوصف: Wealth is associated with differences in people's self-concepts. We propose that these self-concepts should define the types of appeals that are most effective at motivating generosity. Across three field studies, we randomly assigned participants to view an appeal for a charitable organization that emphasized agency (the pursuit of personal goals) or communion (the pursuit of shared goals). When the appeal emphasized agency, wealthier individuals reported greater willingness to give and donated more money to charity. In contrast, when the appeal emphasized communion, less wealthy individuals reported greater willingness to give. These findings could not be explained by relevant demographic characteristics such as age, ethnicity, or gender. This work adds to a growing body of research suggesting that wealth does not inherently result in selfishness or generosity. By tailoring messages to fit with people's self-concepts, it is possible to catalyze giving across the socioeconomic spectrum.
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المصدر: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 84:103797
مصطلحات موضوعية: Sociology and Political Science, Social Psychology, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, 050109 social psychology, Norm enforcement, 16. Peace & justice, Framing effect, 050105 experimental psychology, Variation (linguistics), Prosocial behavior, Justice (virtue), Dictator, Selfishness, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Karma, Psychology, Social psychology, media_common
الوصف: Four experiments (total N = 3591) examined how thinking about Karma and God increases adherence to social norms that prescribe fairness in anonymous dictator games. We found that (1) thinking about Karma decreased selfishness among karmic believers across religious affiliations, including Hindus, Buddhists, Christians, and non-religious Americans; (2) thinking about God also decreased selfishness among believers in God (but not among non-believers), replicating previous findings; and (3) thinking about both karma and God shifted participants' initially-selfish offers towards fairness (the normatively prosocial response), but had no effect on already fair offers. These supernatural framing effects were obtained and replicated in high-powered, pre-registered experiments and remained robust to several methodological checks, including hypothesis guessing, game familiarity, demographic variables, between- and within-subjects designs, and variation in data exclusion criteria. These results support the role of culturally-elaborated beliefs about supernatural justice as a motivator of believer's adherence to prosocial norms.
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