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1
المؤلفون: Firoozeh Fayaz, Morteza Zahedi
المصدر: Journal of Plant Nutrition. 45:185-201
مصطلحات موضوعية: Salinity, Rhizophagus intraradices, Horticulture, Soil salinity, Physiology, Inoculation, food and beverages, Nutritional status, Cultivar, Biology, Agronomy and Crop Science, Beneficial effects, Funneliformis mosseae
الوصف: This pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of the inoculation by the mycorrhizal species (Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus intraradices) in salt-tolerant and -sensitive wheat cu...
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2
المؤلفون: R. K. Sairam, Koushik Chakraborty, Debarati Bhaduri
المصدر: Journal of Plant Nutrition. 39:1026-1037
مصطلحات موضوعية: 0106 biological sciences, Yield (engineering), Soil salinity, biology, Physiology, fungi, Brassica, food and beverages, chemistry.chemical_element, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, Micronutrient, 01 natural sciences, Nitrogen, Salinity, Nutrient, Agronomy, chemistry, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Cultivar, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
الوصف: The present study was conducted to assess the effect of soil salinity on yield attributes as well as nutrient accumulation in different plant parts of seven Brassica cultivars from two different species raised in pot culture experiment with two levels of salinity treatments along with control corresponding to soil electrical conductivity (EC) values of 1.65 (S0), 4.50 (S1) and 6.76 (S2) dS m−1. The experiment was consisted of twelve replications in a completely randomized design. Imposition of salinity stress affected various yield attributing characters including plant height, which ultimately led to severe yield reduction. However, tolerant cultivars, CS 52 and CS 54 performed better under salt treatment showing lesser yield loss. Salinity stress reduced the nitrogen (N) content in leaves of the Brassica plants, which reflected in decreased seed protein content. Reduced accumulation of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) was observed in leaf, stem and root at flowering and post-flowering sta...
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3
المؤلفون: Amir Sadeghpour, Ali Hosseinirad, Mohammad Reza Chaichi
المصدر: Journal of Plant Nutrition. 36:491-502
مصطلحات موضوعية: Soil salinity, Physiology, Phosphorus, food and beverages, chemistry.chemical_element, Sowing, engineering.material, Agronomy, chemistry, Yield (chemistry), engineering, Seeding, Cultivar, Fertilizer, Agronomy and Crop Science, Cow dung, Mathematics
الوصف: To study the effects of phosphorus (P) fertilizer (cow manure, phosphorus solublizing bacteria) and sowing density on seed production of alfalfa, an experiment was laid out in a three-replicated split-split plot design with four phosphorus fertilizer rates (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha−1) in main plots, three phosphorus-solublizing bacteria (9, 41strains, and no bacteria) in sub-plots and three sowing densities (2, 6 and 10 kg ha−1) in sub-sub plots. The highest seed yield resulted from 60 and 90 kg P ha−1. Application of bacteria strain 41 was more efficient than bacteria strain 9 in seed yield and 1000-seed weight. Seed yield at 6 seed kg ha−1 treatment was higher than 10 kg ha−1, although there was no significant difference between them. Based on the results of this experiment the triple application of P60, B41 and SD6 could be recommended as the best treatment for seed production of alfalfa (Cultivar ‘Nikshahri’) under the semi-saline condition.
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4
المؤلفون: B. M. Chikani, K. Hariprasanna, H. K. Gor, V. Chaudhari, A. L. Singh
المصدر: Journal of Plant Nutrition. 33:1761-1776
مصطلحات موضوعية: Salinity, Soil salinity, Agronomy, Physiology, Dry season, Halotolerance, Sowing, Cultivar, Biology, Agronomy and Crop Science, Plant nutrition, Arachis hypogaea
الوصف: Field screening of 83 groundnut cultivars was undertaken for two seasons to assess their tolerance of salinity based on plant mortality and yield attributes. During the dry season, soil salinity of 4 dS m−1 at sowing and 6–7 dS m−1 21–98 days after sowing (DAS) caused high mortality without seed formation in any cultivars, however, at salinity 4.5 dS m−1 during sowing and 3.5–3.0 dS m−1 15–80 DAS during wet season, 61 cultivars produced seed. The cultivars ‘VRI 3’, ‘UF 70–103’, ‘TKG 19A’, ‘S 206’, ‘Tirupati 4’, ‘M 522’, ‘Punjab 1’, ‘BG 3’, ‘Somnath’ and ‘ICGV 86590’, with high plant stand during both the seasons and over 75 g m−2 seed yield during wet season, were identified salinity tolerant. However, 15 cultivars with more than 50 g m−2 seed yield were moderately tolerant and 28 cultivars with less than 25 g m−2 seed yield were sensitive to salinity.
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5
المؤلفون: Vicente Martínez, Farrukh Javed, Naeem Iqbal, Kafeel Ahmad, Muhammad Ashraf
المصدر: Journal of Plant Nutrition. 29:409-421
مصطلحات موضوعية: Soil salinity, Physiology, Chemistry, food and beverages, Sowing, Nitrate reductase, Salinity, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nitrate, Agronomy, Halotolerance, Cultivar, Agronomy and Crop Science, Plant nutrition
الوصف: The effect of salinization of soil with Na2SO4, CaCl2, MgCl2, and NaCl (70:35:10:23) on the biochemical characteristics of three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (‘LU-26S,’ ‘Sarsabaz’ and ‘Pasban-90’) was investigated under natural environmental conditions. Twenty-day-old seedlings of all three cultivars were subjected to three salinity treatments: 1.3 (control), 5.0, and 10 dSm−1 for the entire life period of plants. After 120 d of seed sowing, plant biomass production decreased by 49% and 65%, respectively, in response to 5 and 10 dSm−1 salinity levels. Addition of salts to growth medium also had a significant adverse effect on plant height. Increasing salinity treatments caused a great reduction in nitrate reductase activity (NRA) of the leaf. The inhibitory effect of salinity on nitrate reduction rate was more pronounced at the reproductive stage than at the vegetative stage of plant growth. Wheat cultivars ‘LU-26S’ and ‘Sarsabaz’ showed less reduction in NRA due to salinity compared wi...
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6
المؤلفون: R. Hammad, Ghazi N. Al-Karaki
المصدر: Journal of Plant Nutrition. 24:1311-1323
مصطلحات موضوعية: Soil salinity, biology, Physiology, fungi, food and beverages, biology.organism_classification, Lycopersicon, Salinity, Agronomy, Shoot, Halotolerance, Cultivar, Mycorrhiza, Agronomy and Crop Science, Glomus
الوصف: Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) yields are known to decrease for plants grown in saline soils. This study was conducted to determine the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on fruit yield and mineral content of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive tomato cultivars grown with varied levels of salt. NaCl and CaCl2were added to soil in the irrigation water in equal molar ratios to give ECe values of 1.4 (nonstressed) and 4.9 dS m−1 (salt stressed). Plants were grown in a greenhouse using unsterilized, low phosphorus (P) (silty clay) soil-sand mix. Mycorrhizal root colonization occurred whether cultivars were salt stressed or nonstressed, but the extent of AMF root colonization was higher in AMF inoculated than uninoculated plants. The salt tolerant cultivar ‘Pello’ generally had higher AMF root colonization than the salt sensitive cultivar ‘Marriha’. Shoot dry matter (DM) yield, fruit fresh yield, and AMF colonization were higher for plants grown under nonstressed than for plants gro...
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7
المؤلفون: G. Pulgar, Diego A. Moreno, Luis Romero, Gemma Víllora
المصدر: Journal of Plant Nutrition. 21:2343-2355
مصطلحات موضوعية: Soil salinity, biology, Physiology, Sodium, food and beverages, chemistry.chemical_element, biology.organism_classification, Chloride, Salinity, chemistry.chemical_compound, Horticulture, Cucurbita pepo, Nitrate, chemistry, Botany, medicine, Ammonium, Cultivar, Agronomy and Crop Science, medicine.drug
الوصف: Plants of a Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L. var. Moschata) cultivar considered to be semi‐salt‐tolerant were grown in artificial soil in 1‐m containers under greenhouse conditions with differing supplies of sodium chloride (NaCl) [0 (T0), 30 (T1), 60 (T2) or 120 (T3) g m‐2 plot‐1] during the entire growth cycle. These plants were used to determine the concentrations of nitrogen (N) forms and fractions, together with antagonistic anions in both leaves and fruits. The ammonium (NH4) concentration increased and nitrate (NO3) concentration decreased in both leaves and fruits, and chloride (Cl) concentration increased while sulphate (SO4) concentration decreased in both leaves and fruits with NaCl treatments. Organic‐N concentration in leaves increased according to the soil salinity treatments, while in the fruit there was a slight increase at low salinity, although values returned to those of the control when soil salinity increased. In leaves there was an increase in proline concentrations when salinity...
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8
المؤلفون: J.T. Huber, T.C. Tucker, Mohammad Pessarakli
المصدر: Journal of Plant Nutrition. 12:1105-1121
مصطلحات موضوعية: Soil salinity, Physiology, Crop yield, Ammonium nitrate, food and beverages, Biology, Arid, Salinity, Horticulture, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Botany, Cultivar, Agronomy and Crop Science, Nitrogen cycle, Hoagland solution
الوصف: Salinity is a major agricultural problem in arid and semi‐arid regions, resulting in retarded plant growth and reduced crop yield. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of NaCl stress on nitrogen metabolism and protein synthesis in three varieties of green beans, and to select the most salt tolerant and suitable cultivar among the three for cultural practices. To achieve this goal, protein synthesis and protein‐15N content of three green bean cultivars (Phasedus vulgaris L., cv. ‘Tender Improved’, ‘Slim Green’, and ‘Kentucky Wonder') were compared. This comparison was done by using 15N under three different NaCl salinity levels (Control = 0.3, 2.5, and 5.0 bars osmotic pressures), in Hoagland nutrient solution, in a growth chamber. The 7‐day‐old bean seedlings were grown for 7 additional days in complete Hoagland solution before and 7 days after the completion of salinization with NaCl. This was followed by a 15‐day 15N uptake period after 1SNH4 15NO3 addition to the culture solut...
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9
المؤلفون: G. Rathert
المصدر: Journal of Plant Nutrition. 5:183-193
مصطلحات موضوعية: chemistry.chemical_classification, Soil salinity, Physiology, Sodium, Substrate (chemistry), Salt (chemistry), chemistry.chemical_element, Chloride, Divalent, Salinity, Horticulture, chemistry, Agronomy, medicine, Cultivar, Agronomy and Crop Science, medicine.drug
الوصف: The effect of a range of NaCl concentrations (up to 340 meq/1) on growth of cotton varieties (Dandara and Giza 45), as well as effects of extreme K: Na ratios (60 meq/1 total concentration) on the mineral distribution were studied in water culture experiments. During high NaCl salinization growth of Dandara was more depressed than of Giza 45. Furthermore, leaf development of Dandara was inhibited, whereas that of Giza 45 did not differ from the untreated control. At low external K+/Na+ accumulation of Na+ and Cl‐ in leaves of Giza 45 was significantly lower than in leaves of Dandara, while larger amounts of these ions were retained in the roots. K+ in leaves of Dandara declined more than in leaves of Giza 45. Divalent cations of both cultivars were similarly affected. The results show that Dandara is a salt sensitive and Giza 45 a salt tolerant cotton variety. The considerable genotypic difference in salt tolerance of cotton is negatively correlated with sodium and chloride accumulation in the le...
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10
المؤلفون: H.‐W. Doering, G. Rathert
المصدر: Journal of Plant Nutrition. 3:987-996
مصطلحات موضوعية: chemistry.chemical_classification, Soil salinity, Physiology, Salt (chemistry), Chromosomal translocation, Chloride, Salinity, chemistry.chemical_compound, Metabolic pathway, Agronomy, chemistry, medicine, Cultivar, Sulfate, Agronomy and Crop Science, medicine.drug
الوصف: Mineral regulation of two soybean varieties Jackson and Lee was investigated in long term water culture experiments using saline solutions. The effects of extreme K:Na ratios using chloride and sulfate as counterions were studied in the early stages of salinity. The growth rates of both varieties were not affected by salinization. A K+ stimulated, intensive acropetal Cl‐ translocation was observed in the salt sensitive variety Jackson. The varieties did not differ in Na+ translocation and in the suppression of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the leaves. But the effect of the nature of salinization indicates already differences in Na uptake and translocation of the cultivars. The avoidance of Cl‐, but also of Ha+, in connection with influences of the resulting ionic imbalance on metabolic pathways are probably the most causative factors for the different tolerance to salinity of the two soybean varieties.
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