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1دورية أكاديمية
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2دورية أكاديمية
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3
المؤلفون: Robin J. Evans, Daniel Freeman, Anke Ehlers, Emma Černis
المصدر: Journal of Psychiatric Research
مصطلحات موضوعية: Hallucinations, medicine.drug_class, media_common.quotation_subject, Bayesian inference, Population, Dissociative Disorders, Dissociative, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Paranoia, education, Biological Psychiatry, media_common, education.field_of_study, Psychopathology, Grandiosity, Bayes Theorem, Psychosis, Mental health, 030227 psychiatry, Directed acyclic graphs, Psychiatry and Mental health, Mental Health, Psychotic Disorders, Anxiety, Network analysis, Worry, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Dissociation, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology
الوصف: Dissociative experiences, traditionally studied in relation to trauma and PTSD, may be important phenomena across many different psychological conditions, including as a contributory causal factor for psychotic experiences. In this study, the aim was to explore, using network approaches, how dissociative experiences taking the form of a Felt Sense of Anomaly (FSA) relate to both common mental health conditions and psychotic experiences. 6941 individuals from the general population completed online assessments of FSA-dissociation, post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), anxiety, depression, insomnia, worry, distress tolerance, hallucinations, grandiosity, paranoia, and cognitive disorganization. An undirected partial correlation network analysis was used to explore the network structure, then Bayesian inference with Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) was used to identify potential directions of relationships between dissociation and mental health symptoms. Dissociation was found to be highly connected in both network models. Both networks found direct relationships between dissociation and hallucinations, grandiosity, paranoia, cognitive disorganization, anxiety, depression, and PTSS. In the DAGs analysis, the direction of influence between dissociation and hallucinations, PTSS, anxiety and depression was unclear, however it was found to be probable that dissociation influences paranoia (97.66% of sampled DAGs found the direction dissociation to paranoia, versus 2.34% finding the reverse direction), cognitive disorganization (99.74% vs. 0.26%), and grandiosity (93.49% vs. 6.51%). Further, dissociation was found to be a probable influence of insomnia and distress tolerance via indirect pathways. In summary, dissociation is connected to many mental health disorders, and may influence a number of presentations, particularly psychotic experiences. The importance of dissociation in mental health may therefore currently be under-recognised.
Highlights • Dissociation is highly connected to other mental health presentations. • Dissociation has a strong relationship with hallucinations. • The direction of effect between dissociation and anxiety, depression and trauma symptoms is unclear. • Dissociation likely influences paranoia, grandiosity and cognitive disorganization. -
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المؤلفون: Alan Shafer, Marco Lauriola, Federico Dazzi
المصدر: Journal of Psychiatric Research. 81:140-151
مصطلحات موضوعية: medicine.medical_specialty, Poison control, behavioral disciplines and activities, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, BPRS-26, BPRS-E, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale – Expanded, disorganization, factor analysis, meta-analysis, psychopathology, medicine, Humans, Big Five personality traits, Psychiatry, Biological Psychiatry, Grandiosity, Mental Disorders, Databases, Bibliographic, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Meta-analysis, Anxiety, Blunted Affect, medicine.symptom, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Psychopathology, Clinical psychology
الوصف: The factor structure of the 24 item BPRS-E was examined to determine the effect of additional items on consensus scales derived primarily from the 18 item BPRS. A meta-analysis (k = 32, n = 10,084) of previous factor analyses of the BPRS-E was conducted using both a co-occurrence similarity matrix and reproduced correlations. Components generally supporting the consensus scales were found suggesting four relatively invariant subscales: Affect (defined by the core items: anxiety, guilt, depression, suicidality), Positive Symptoms (hallucinations, unusual thought content, suspiciousness, grandiosity), Negative Symptoms (blunted affect, emotional withdrawal, motor retardation) and Activation (excitement, motor hyperactivity, elevated mood, distractibility). The additional BPRS-E items primarily contribute directly to a clear Activation dimension which expands and clarifies the traditional 18 item BPRS structure. Though not statistically supported in this meta-analysis, a fifth factor describing disorganization (conceptual disorganization, disorientation, self-neglect, mannerisms-posturing) was present in some analyses and should be considered. The five factor solution including a disorganization factor has theoretical validity based on the pentagonal model of schizophrenia while also containing the same four primary dimensions that were statistically supported in this meta-analysis. A new version of the BPRS (BPRS-26) with modified and additional items is presented. BPRS-26 is supposed to enhance the stability and the comprehensiveness of the scale and to more closely measure this five factor model.
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5
المؤلفون: Alan Shafer, Federico Dazzi
المصدر: Journal of psychiatric research. 115
مصطلحات موضوعية: Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Grandiosity, Cognition, Hostility, Affect (psychology), 030227 psychiatry, 03 medical and health sciences, Psychiatry and Mental health, 0302 clinical medicine, Psychotic Disorders, Meta-analysis, Behavior Rating Scale, medicine, Schizophrenia, Anxiety, Humans, Blunted Affect, medicine.symptom, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biological Psychiatry, Clinical psychology
الوصف: A meta-analysis of the results of 45 factor analyses (n = 22,812) of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was conducted. Meta-analyses of the PANSS was conducted using both a co-occurrence similarity matrix and reproduced correlations. Both methods produced similar results. Five factors (Positive Symptoms, Negative Symptoms, Disorganization, Affect and Resistance) emerged clearly across both analyses. The factors and the items defining them were Positive Symptoms (P1 Delusions, G9 Unusual thought content, P3 Hallucinatory behavior, P6 Suspiciousness and persecution, P5 Grandiosity), Negative Symptoms (N2 Emotional withdrawal, N1 Blunted affect, N4 Passive apathetic social withdrawal, N6 Lack of spontaneity, N3 Poor rapport, G7 Motor retardation, G16 Active social avoidance), Disorganization often termed Cognitive (P2 Conceptual disorganization, G11 Poor attention, N5 Difficulty in abstract thinking, G13 Disturbance of volition, N7 Stereotyped thinking, G5 Mannerisms/posturing, G15 Preoccupation, G10 Disorientation), Affect often termed Depression-Anxiety (G2 Anxiety, G6 Depression, G3 Guilt feelings, G4 Tension, G1 Somatic concern) and a small fifth factor that might be characterized as Resistance or Excitement/Activity (P7 Hostility, G14 Poor impulse control, P4 Excitement, G8 Uncooperativeness). Items G1, G4, G10, P5, G5, G15 may not be core items for the PANSS factors and G12 lack of judgment is not a core item. Results of the PANSS meta-analyses were relatively similar to those for meta-analysis of both the BPRS and BPRS-E all of which contain the original 18 BPRS items. The PANSS is distinguished by a much larger number of items to clearly define and measure Negative Symptoms as well as a sufficient number of items to much more clearly identify a Disorganization factor than the BPRS or BPRS-E.
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