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المصدر: Neuropsychologia
مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, Aging, Feedback, Psychological, Cognitive Neuroscience, Psychology, Child, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Choice Behavior, 050105 experimental psychology, Developmental psychology, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, Experience base, 0302 clinical medicine, Humans, Observational learning, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Valence (psychology), Young adult, Child, Social information, Evoked Potentials, 05 social sciences, Supervised learning, Brain, Electroencephalography, Social Learning, Social feedback, Electrophysiological markers, Female, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
الوصف: Learning from vicarious experience is central for educational practice, but not well understood with respect to its ontogenetic development and underlying neural dynamics. In this age-comparative study we compared behavioral and electrophysiological markers of learning from vicarious and one's own experience in children (age 8–10) and young adults. Behaviorally both groups benefitted from integrating vicarious experience into their own choices however, adults learned much faster from social information than children. The electrophysiological results show learning-related changes in the P300 to experienced and observed rewards in adults, but not in children, indicating that adults were more efficient in integrating observed and experienced information during learning. In comparison to adults, children showed an enhanced FRN for observed and experienced feedback, indicating that they focus more on valence information than adults. Taken together, children compared to adults seem to be less able to rapidly assess the informational value of observed and experienced feedback during learning and consequently up-regulate their response to both, observed and experienced (particularly negative) feedback. When transferring the current findings to an applied context, educational practice should strengthen children's ability to use feedback information for learning and be particularly cautious with negative social feedback during supervised learning.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::7d1ab7fc6a91f18c159f09fa59b54d31
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia .2018.07.022 -
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المؤلفون: Jen-Kai Chen, Shari R. Baum, Shanna Kousaie, Denise Klein, Debra Titone, Natalie A. Phillips
المصدر: Neuropsychologia. 163:108081
مصطلحات موضوعية: Brain Mapping, Neural correlates of consciousness, Working memory, Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain, Multilingualism, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Cognition, Cognitive neuroscience, Language acquisition, Neural recruitment, Behavioral Neuroscience, Memory, Short-Term, Humans, Language Experience Approach, Psychology, Neuroscience of multilingualism, Language, Cognitive psychology
الوصف: A longstanding question in cognitive neuroscience and in the bilingualism literature is how early language experience influences brain development and cognitive outcomes, and whether these effects are global or specific to language-related processes. The current investigation examined the effect of the timing of language learning on the performance and neural correlates of phonological and non-verbal working memory, subcomponents of executive function. Three groups of bilinguals, who varied in terms of the timing of second language learning (i.e., simultaneous bilinguals learned their two languages from birth; early and late bilinguals who learned their second language before or after 5 years of age, respectively), performed phonological and non-verbal working memory tasks in the magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Results showed that there were no group differences in performance on either of the tasks, or in the neural correlates of performance of the non-verbal task. However, critically, we showed that despite similar behavioural performance, the groups differed in the patterns of neural recruitment during performance of the phonological working memory task. The pattern of group differences was non-linear, demonstrating similar neural recruitment for simultaneous and late bilinguals that differed from early bilinguals. Findings from the current study suggest a dynamic mapping between the brain and cognition, contributing to our current understanding of the effect of the timing of language learning on cognitive processes and demonstrating a specific effect on language-related executive function.
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::24c4ac217b88a2ea3d0dc07f75883b46
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia .2021.108081 -
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المؤلفون: William W.L. Choi
المصدر: Neuropsychologia. 158
مصطلحات موضوعية: Speech perception, Cognitive Neuroscience, media_common.quotation_subject, First language, 05 social sciences, Tone (linguistics), Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, 050105 experimental psychology, Stress perception, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Phonetics, Perception, P3b, Stress (linguistics), Speech Perception, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Language Experience Approach, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, media_common, Cognitive psychology, Language
الوصف: A prevailing conception of cross-linguistic transfer is that first language experience poses perceptual interference, or at best null effect, on second language speech perception. Surprisingly, a recent study found that Cantonese listeners outperformed English listeners on English stress perception. The present study further evaluated whether segmental variations would constrain the Cantonese advantage on English stress perception. Cantonese and English listeners were tested with both active and passive oddball paradigms in which ERP responses to English stress deviations were elicited. Behaviorally, the Cantonese listeners exhibited a perceptual advantage relative to the English listeners, but this advantage disappeared upon the introduction of segmental variations. Neurophysiologically, segmental variations diminished the P3b amplitudes of the Cantonese but not the English listeners. Collectively, results suggest that segmental variations constrain the Cantonese advantage on English stress perception.
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المؤلفون: Chiara Tesini, Elisa Ciaramelli, Elena Bertossi, Alessandro Cappelli
المساهمون: Bertossi, E, Tesini, C, Cappelli, A, Ciaramelli, E.
المصدر: Neuropsychologia. 90:12-24
مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed, Memory, Episodic, Cognitive Neuroscience, Chronesthesia, Ventromedial prefrontal cortex, Prefrontal Cortex, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Neuropsychological Tests, episodic future thinking, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, Statistics, Nonparametric, 050105 experimental psychology, Developmental psychology, Thinking, default mode network, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, temporal discounting, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Temporal discounting, mental time travel, Prefrontal cortex, Episodic memory, Default mode network, Memory Disorders, Autobiographical memory, autobiographical memory, 05 social sciences, Association Learning, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, medicine.anatomical_structure, Brain Injuries, Case-Control Studies, Imagination, Female, Personal experience, Cues, Cognition Disorders, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
الوصف: The ability to project oneself into the past and future to relive or pre-live personal experiences, known as mental time travel (MTT), is associated with activity in a core network of brain regions involving the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). We investigated whether (1) vmPFC is crucial for MTT, and (2) whether vmPFC is selectively involved in the construction of self-relevant events or also mediates construction of events happening to others. Patients with lesions to vmPFC (vmPFC patients) and healthy controls remembered personal past events and imagined personal future events across different timeframes, and imagined events to happen to a close or a distant other. Compared to the controls, vmPFC patients were impaired at constructing both past and future events, indicating that vmPFC is critical for MTT. vmPFC patients' ability to imagine personal future events was related to patients' temporal discounting rates. Patients, however, were also impaired at imagining other-related events, suggesting that self-relevance may not be a critical factor in explaining vmPFC's involvement in MTT. We suggest that vmPFC is crucial for the imagination of complex experiences alternative to the current reality, which serves construction of both self-relevant and other-relevant events.
وصف الملف: STAMPA
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::9b2364703203483013500a4aaba17f6e
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia .2016.01.034 -
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المؤلفون: Leilei Mei, Kangli Ying, Qiulan Wu, Yue Sun, Xiaoyu Liu, Aqian Li
المصدر: Neuropsychologia. 137
مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, Cognitive Neuroscience, Occipitotemporal cortex, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Affect (psychology), 050105 experimental psychology, Lateralization of brain function, Functional Laterality, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Hangul, Language, Brain Mapping, 05 social sciences, Functional lateralization, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Temporal Lobe, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Reading, Practice, Psychological, Laterality, Female, Occipital Lobe, Chinese characters, Language Experience Approach, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
الوصف: Both language experience and processing strategy have been found to affect functional lateralization of the ventral occipitotemporal cortex (vOT). In this study, we adopted a factorial design to investigate the effects of language experience and processing strategy on functional lateralization of different vOT subregions in the processing of familiar (Chinese characters) and unfamiliar characters (Korean Hangul characters) in logographic writings. The processing strategy was manipulated by using part- and whole-based judgement tasks to induce part- and whole-based processing, respectively. The results showed that language experience enhanced neural responses in the anterior and middle vOT subregions, whereas part-based processing enhanced neural activations in the middle and posterior vOT subregions. More importantly, increased neural activations in the left hemisphere induced by language experience and part-based processing resulted in left laterality of the anterior and posterior vOT subregions, respectively, in the processing of logographic characters. These results suggested that functional lateralization of the anterior and posterior vOT subregions were respectively affected by language experience and processing strategy.
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المؤلفون: Rachel Ryskin, Roger Levy, Evelina Fedorenko
المصدر: Neuropsychologia. 136:107258
مصطلحات موضوعية: Psycholinguistics, Cognitive Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Brain, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Current account, Anticipation, Psychological, 050105 experimental psychology, Linguistics, Opinion piece, Domain (software engineering), Test (assessment), Comprehension, Executive Function, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Path (graph theory), Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Affect (linguistics), Language Experience Approach, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
الوصف: Most current accounts of language comprehension agree on a role for prediction, but they disagree on the importance of domain-general executive resources in predictive behavior. In this opinion piece, we briefly review the evidence for linguistic prediction, and the findings that have been used to argue that prediction draws on domain-general executive resources. The most compelling evidence is an apparent reduction in predictive behavior during language comprehension in populations with lower executive resources, such as children, older adults, and second language (L2) learners. We propose that these between-population differences can be explained without invoking executive resources. Instead, differences in the quantity and kind of language experience that these populations bring to bear may affect the probability of engaging in predictive behavior, or simply make prediction effects more difficult to detect in paradigms designed for young adult native speakers. Thus, domain-specific prediction mechanisms remain a viable possibility. We discuss ways to further test accounts of linguistic prediction that do vs. do not require domain-general executive resources, using behavioral, computational, and brain imaging approaches.
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::483125f28b01ab83b26fa3ffeffd68e8
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia .2019.107258 -
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المؤلفون: Gigi Luk, Fergus I. M. Craik, Ellen Bialystok, Cheryl L. Grady
المصدر: Neuropsychologia. 66:170-181
مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, Brain activity and meditation, Rest, Cognitive Neuroscience, Multilingualism, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Brain mapping, Article, 050105 experimental psychology, Developmental psychology, Executive Function, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Parietal Lobe, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 10. No inequality, Default mode network, Aged, Brain Mapping, 05 social sciences, Age Factors, Parietal lobe, Brain, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Frontal Lobe, Frontal lobe, Fixation (visual), Female, Nerve Net, Language Experience Approach, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
الوصف: Bilingual older adults typically have better performance on tasks of executive control (EC) than do their monolingual peers, but differences in brain activity due to language experience are not well understood. Based on studies showing a relation between the dynamic range of brain network activity and performance on EC tasks, we hypothesized that life-long bilingual older adults would show increased functional connectivity relative to monolinguals in networks related to EC. We assessed intrinsic functional connectivity and modulation of activity in task vs. fixation periods in two brain networks that are active when EC is engaged, the frontoparietal control network (FPC) and the salience network (SLN). We also examined the default mode network (DMN), which influences behavior through reduced activity during tasks. We found stronger intrinsic functional connectivity in the FPC and DMN in bilinguals than in monolinguals. Although there were no group differences in the modulation of activity across tasks and fixation, bilinguals showed stronger correlations than monolinguals between intrinsic connectivity in the FPC and task-related increases of activity in prefrontal and parietal regions. This bilingual difference in network connectivity suggests that language experience begun in childhood and continued throughout adulthood influences brain networks in ways that may provide benefits in later life.
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::caeb3b78e70c9bebdcba09d847694012
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia .2014.10.042 -
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المؤلفون: Anil K. Seth, Hugo D. Critchley, Keisuke Suzuki, Sarah N. Garfinkel
المصدر: Neuropsychologia
مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, Predictive coding, Adolescent, Heartbeat, Cognitive Neuroscience, media_common.quotation_subject, Illusion, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Augmented reality, Rubber hand illusion, Functional Laterality, 050105 experimental psychology, Interoception, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, Finger movement, 0302 clinical medicine, Heart Rate, Surveys and Questionnaires, Body Image, Multisensory integration, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, media_common, Feedback, Physiological, Analysis of Variance, Proprioception, Experience of body ownership, 05 social sciences, Illusions, Self Concept, Touch Perception, Visual Perception, Female, Body ownership, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
الوصف: Identifying with a body is central to being a conscious self. The now classic “rubber hand illusion” demonstrates that the experience of body-ownership can be modulated by manipulating the timing of exteroceptive (visual and tactile) body-related feedback. Moreover, the strength of this modulation is related to individual differences in sensitivity to internal bodily signals (interoception). However the interaction of exteroceptive and interoceptive signals in determining the experience of body-ownership within an individual remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that this depends on the online integration of exteroceptive and interoceptive signals by implementing an innovative “cardiac rubber hand illusion” that combined computer-generated augmented-reality with feedback of interoceptive (cardiac) information. We show that both subjective and objective measures of virtual-hand ownership are enhanced by cardio-visual feedback in-time with the actual heartbeat, as compared to asynchronous feedback. We further show that these measures correlate with individual differences in interoceptive sensitivity, and are also modulated by the integration of proprioceptive signals instantiated using real-time visual remapping of finger movements to the virtual hand. Our results demonstrate that interoceptive signals directly influence the experience of body ownership via multisensory integration, and they lend support to models of conscious selfhood based on interoceptive predictive coding.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::b882ee3776c99ea56575bdd4648edaa6
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia .2013.08.014 -
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المؤلفون: R.S. Rosenbaum, Donna Rose Addis, Donna Kwan, Nicole Carson
المصدر: Neuropsychologia. 48:3179-3186
مصطلحات موضوعية: Cognitive Neuroscience, Chronesthesia, Amnesia, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Neuropsychological Tests, Hippocampus, Developmental psychology, Young Adult, Behavioral Neuroscience, Neuroimaging, medicine, Humans, Narrative, Episodic memory, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Mental Recall, Imagination, Female, Personal experience, Cues, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Infant, Premature, Forecasting
الوصف: Patient and neuroimaging studies report that the ability to remember past personal experiences and the ability to envision future personal experiences are interconnected. Loss of episodic memory is typically accompanied by loss of future imagining, and engaging in either activity recruits common brain areas. The relationship between episodic memory and future imagining is also suggested by their co-emergence in ontogenetic development. However, it is unknown whether a failure of one ability to emerge in early development precludes the development of the other ability. To investigate this possibility, we tested H.C., a young woman with amnesia of developmental origin associated with bilateral hippocampal loss, and demographically matched controls on an adapted version of the Autobiographical Interview using Galton-Crovitz cueing. In response to cue words, participants described both past personal events and imagined future personal events that occurred, or could occur, in near and distant time periods. Results indicated a parallel pattern of impairment for both past and future event generation in H.C., such that her narratives of both types of events were similarly deficient. These results indicate that mental time travel can be compromised in hippocampal amnesia, whether acquired in early or later life, possibly as a result of a deficit in reassembling and binding together details of stored information from earlier episodes.
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::ca16bb205e3c21e8848c493817836aba
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia .2010.06.011 -
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المؤلفون: Jyotsna Vaid, Rachel Hull
المصدر: Neuropsychologia. 45:1987-2008
مصطلحات موضوعية: Dichotic listening, Cognitive Neuroscience, Multilingualism, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Language Development, Lateralization of brain function, Developmental psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience, Language development, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Laterality, Humans, Language proficiency, Dominance, Cerebral, Language Experience Approach, Psychology, Neuroscience of multilingualism, Cognitive psychology
الوصف: Two meta-analyses of 66 behavioral studies examined variables influencing functional cerebral lateralization of each language of brain-intact bilingual adults. Functional lateralization was found to be primarily influenced by age of onset of bilingualism: bilinguals who acquired both languages by 6 years of age showed bilateral hemispheric involvement for both languages, whereas those who acquired their second language after age 6 showed left hemisphere dominance for both languages. Moreover, among late bilinguals, left hemisphere involvement was found to be greater for those less proficient in their second language, those whose second language was English, and for studies involving dichotic listening paradigms; early bilinguals instead showed bilateral involvement in every condition. Implications of the observed differences in lateralization between early and late bilinguals are explored for existing theories of bilingualism and for neurocognitive models of brain functional organization of language.
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::906b303265972980a52095361a009e11
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia .2007.03.002
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