المؤلفون: Short, E, Chagas, J, Kurihara, M, Ishikawa, Y, Chambers, JP, Bridges, J, Sano, H

المصدر: New Zealand Veterinary Journal; Sep2023, Vol. 71 Issue 5, p244-250, 7p

مصطلحات موضوعية: ULTRASONIC imaging, PRESSURE groups, BLOOD pressure, MICROBUBBLE diagnosis, DRUG administration

مستخلص: To evaluate the effect of IM administration of three sedative drugs, acepromazine, alfaxalone and dexmedetomidine, in combination with morphine, on the size of the feline spleen using ultrasonography. Twenty-four client-owned cats undergoing elective de-sexing or minor procedures were recruited for a focused ultrasonographic examination of the spleen prior to and at 10, 20 and 30 minutes following administration of one of three randomly assigned IM sedation protocols: 0.05 mg/kg acepromazine (ACE group), 3 mg/kg alfaxalone (ALF group), or 10 μg/kg dexmedetomidine (DEX group), in combination with 0.5 mg/kg morphine. B-mode images of the spleen were collected and measured following a standardised protocol. Cardiorespiratory parameters and sedation score were also recorded. Mean thickness of the head, body and tail of the spleen for each group at 10, 20 and 30 minutes after drug administration was compared to baseline. Mean splenic thickness increased over time in the ACE group (thickness of body at T0 = 8.9 (SE 2.1) mm and at T30 = 10.5 (SE 2.0) mm; p = 0.001) and the ALF group (thickness of body at T0 = 8.8 (SE 1.0) mm and at T30 = 10.3 (SE 1.7) mm; p = 0.022) but not in the DEX group (thickness of body at T0 = 8.6 mm (1.2) and at T30 = 8.9 mm (0.6); p = 0.67). Mean arterial blood pressure in the DEX group was significantly higher than in the other groups (p = 0.002). Sedation scores in the DEX group were consistently high for the entire period. However, the sedation score in the ACE group increased over 30 minutes (p = 0.007). Sedation score in the ALF group was highest at 10 minutes but gradually decreased over the following 20 minutes (p = 0.003). Sedation with IM dexmedetomidine and morphine did not change splenic size, whereas acepromazine or alfaxalone and morphine increased it regardless of the degree of sedation. Where splenomegaly is identified in a cat sedated with acepromazine or alfaxalone, the effects of the sedation protocol could be considered as a possible cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Brassel, J, Rohrssen, F, Failing, K, Wehrend, A

المصدر: New Zealand Veterinary Journal; Sep2018, Vol. 66 Issue 5, p243-247, 5p

مصطلحات موضوعية: ESTRUS, PROGESTERONE, ULTRASONIC imaging, ANIMAL experimentation, ARTIFICIAL insemination

مستخلص: AIM: To evaluate the performance of a novel accelerometer-based oestrus detection system (ODS) for dairy cows on pasture, in comparison with measurement of concentrations of progesterone in milk, ultrasonographic examination of ovaries and farmer observations. METHODS: Mixed-breed lactating dairy cows (n=109) in a commercial, seasonal-calving herd managed at pasture under typical farming conditions in Ireland, were fitted with oestrus detection collars 3 weeks prior to mating start date. The ODS performed multimetric analysis of eight different motion patterns to generate oestrus alerts. Data were collected during the artificial insemination period of 66 days, commencing on 16 April 2015. Transrectal ultrasonographic examinations of the reproductive tract and measurements of concentrations of progesterone in milk were used to confirm oestrus events. Visual observations by the farmer and the number of theoretically expected oestrus events were used to evaluate the number of false negative ODS alerts. The percentage of eligible cows that were detected in oestrus at least once (and were confirmed true positives) was calculated for the first 21, 42 and 63 days of the insemination period. RESULTS: During the insemination period, the ODS generated 194 oestrus alerts and 140 (72.2%) were confirmed as true positives. Six confirmed oestrus events recognised by the farmer did not generate ODS alerts. The positive predictive value of the ODS was 72.2 (95% CI=65.3-78.4)%. To account for oestrus events not identified by the ODS or the farmer, four theoretical missed oestrus events were added to the false negatives. Estimated sensitivity of the automated ODS was 93.3 (95% CI=88.1-96.8)%. The proportion of eligible cows that were detected in oestrus during the first 21 days of the insemination period was 92/106 (86.8%), and during the first 42 and 63 days of the insemination period was 103/106 (97.2%) and 105/106 (99.1%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS and CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ODS under investigation was suitable for oestrus detection in dairy cows on pasture and showed a high sensitivity of oestrus detection. Multimetric analysis of behavioural data seems to be the superior approach to developing and improving ODS for dairy cows on pasture. Due to a high proportion of false positive alerts, its use as a stand-alone system for oestrus detection cannot be recommended. As it is the first time the system was investigated, testing on other farms would be necessary for further validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of New Zealand Veterinary Journal is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Shephard, RW, Morton, JM

المصدر: New Zealand Veterinary Journal; Jan2018, Vol. 66 Issue 1, p30-36, 7p

مصطلحات موضوعية: ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay, ULTRASONIC imaging, GLYCOPROTEINS, PREGNANCY in animals, BAYESIAN analysis, MARKOV chain Monte Carlo

مستخلص: AIMS: To determine the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of pregnancy diagnosis using transrectal ultrasonography and an ELISA for pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) in milk, in lactating dairy cows in seasonally calving herds approximately 85–100 days after the start of the herd’s breeding period. METHODS: Paired results were used from pregnancy diagnosis using transrectal ultrasonography and ELISA for PAG in milk carried out approximately 85 and 100 days after the start of the breeding period, respectively, from 879 cows from four herds in Victoria, Australia. A Bayesian latent class model was used to estimate the proportion of cows pregnant, the Se and Sp of each test, and covariances between test results in pregnant and non-pregnant cows. Prior probability estimates were defined using beta distributions for the expected proportion of cows pregnant, Se and Sp for each test, and covariances between tests. Markov Chain Monte Carlo iterations identified posterior distributions for each of the unknown variables. Posterior distributions for each parameter were described using medians and 95% probability (i.e. credible) intervals (PrI). The posterior median estimates for Se and Sp for each test were used to estimate positive predictive and negative predictive values across a range of pregnancy proportions. RESULTS: The estimate for proportion pregnant was 0.524 (95% PrI = 0.485–0.562). For pregnancy diagnosis using transrectal ultrasonography, Se and Sp were 0.939 (95% PrI = 0.890–0.974) and 0.943 (95% PrI = 0.885–0.984), respectively; for ELISA, Se and Sp were 0.963 (95% PrI = 0.919–0.990) and 0.870 (95% PrI = 0.806–0.931), respectively. The estimated covariance between test results was 0.033 (95% PrI = 0.008–0.046) and 0.035 (95% PrI = 0.018–0.078) for pregnant and non-pregnant cows, respectively. Pregnancy diagnosis results using transrectal ultrasonography had a higher positive predictive value but lower negative predictive value than results from the ELISA across the range of pregnancy proportions assessed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Pregnancy diagnosis using transrectal ultrasonography and ELISA for PAG in milk had similar Se but differed in predictive values. Pregnancy diagnosis in seasonally calving herds around 85–100 days after the start of the breeding period using the ELISA is expected to result in a higher negative predictive value but lower positive predictive value than pregnancy diagnosis using transrectal ultrasonography. Thus, with the ELISA, a higher proportion of the cows with negative results will be non-pregnant, relative to results from transrectal ultrasonography, but a lower proportion of cows with positive results will be pregnant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of New Zealand Veterinary Journal is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Singh, K, Leath, SR, Henderson, HV, Molenaar, AJ, Watson, TJ, Pacheco, D, McMahon, CD

المصدر: New Zealand Veterinary Journal; Sep2016, Vol. 64 Issue 5, p288-292, 5p

مصطلحات موضوعية: DAIRY cattle, CALVES, LACTATION in cattle, ULTRASONIC imaging, ABOMASUM (Ruminants), ANIMAL health

مستخلص: AIM: To determine whether the retention time of curd in the abomasum of calves was influenced by supplementing milk with a plant-derived carbohydrate and amino acid supplement, evaluated non-invasively using ultrasonography. METHODS: Female dairy calves aged between 2-6 days of age were sourced from a commercial farm in March 2013. All calves were fed whole milk until weaning (4 L per day); 21 calves were supplemented with a probiotic until 18 days of age, and thereafter with a plant-derived complex carbohydrate and amino acid supplement until weaning, and 22 calves were just fed whole milk. Treatment groups were balanced for age, weight and breed. At 9-14, 24-29 and 52-57 days of age, the abomasum of each calf was examined using ultrasonography immediately before and after feeding, 1 and 2 hours after feeding, and then at 30 minute intervals until curd was no longer visible in the abomasum. Abomasal volume and curd size were recorded to assess retention time of curd in the abomasum. RESULTS: At 9-14 days of age, mean retention time of curd in the abomasum was similar (4.6 hours) in both groups. At 24-29 days of age, when the supplemented calves had been receiving the supplement for approximately 10 days, mean curd retention time was longer by 1.4 (SE 0.28) hours in supplemented compared with unsupplemented calves (p<0.001). At 52-57 days of age, mean retention time was longer by 0.7 (SE 0.34) hours compared to unsupplemented calves (p=0.05). CONCLUSION: Using ultrasonography, changes in abomasal content could be followed non-invasively over time and it was demonstrated that the plant-derived complex carbohydrate supplement increased the curd retention time in the abomasum. We speculate that the increased retention time enables an increased availability of nutrients following a more complete digestion of milk, thereby improving animal performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of New Zealand Veterinary Journal is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Brownlie, T. S., Morton, J. M., McDougall, Scott, 1961-

المصدر: New Zealand veterinary journal, Nov 2016; v.64 n.6:p.324-329

المؤلفون: Laven, Richard

المصدر: New Zealand veterinary journal, Nov 2016; v.64 n.6:p.317

المؤلفون: Adeyinka, FD, Laven, RA, Lawrence, KE, van Den Bosch, M, Blankenvoorde, G, Parkinson, TJ

المصدر: New Zealand Veterinary Journal; Mar2014, Vol. 62 Issue 2, p51-56, 6p

مصطلحات موضوعية: PREGNANCY in animals, GESTATIONAL age, CATTLE reproduction, ULTRASONIC imaging, DIAGNOSIS of pregnancy

مستخلص: AIM: The aim of this study was to estimate whether fetal age could be accurately estimated using placentome size. METHODS: Fifty-eight cows with confirmed conception dates in two herds were used for the study. The length of the long axis and cross-sectional area of placentomes close to the cervix were measured once every 10 days between approximately 60–130 days of gestation and once every 15 days between 130–160 days of gestation. Four to six placentomes were measured using transrectal ultrasonography in each uterine horn. A linear mixed model was used to establish the factors that were significantly associated with log mean placentome length and to create an equation to predict gestational age from mean placentome length. Limits of agreement analysis was then used to evaluate whether the predictions were sufficiently accurate for mean placentome length to be used, in practice, as a method of determining gestational age. RESULTS: Only age of gestation (p<0.001) and uterine horn (p=0.048) were found to have a significant effect on log mean placentome length. From the three models used to predict gestational age the one that used log mean placentome length of all placentomes, adjusting for the effect of horn, had the smallest 95% limits of agreement; ±33 days. That is, predicted gestational age had a 95% chance of being between 33 days greater and 33.7 days less than actual age. This is approximately twice that reported in studies using measurement of fetal size. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of placentomes near to the cervix using transrectal ultrasonography was easily achieved. There was a significant association between placentome size and gestational age, but between-cow variation in placentome size and growth resulted in poor agreement between placentome size and gestational age. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although placentomes can be easily visualised during diagnosis of pregnancy using transrectal ultrasonography, mean placentome size should not be used to estimate gestational age. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

: Copyright of New Zealand Veterinary Journal is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Gulbahar, MY, Arslan, HH, Gacar, A, Karayigit, MO, Nisbet, O, Albayrak, H, Kabak, YB

المصدر: New Zealand Veterinary Journal; Nov2013, Vol. 61 Issue 6, p362-366, 5p

مصطلحات موضوعية: RENAL cell carcinoma, TURKISH Angora cat, ABDOMEN, ULTRASONIC imaging

مستخلص: CASE HISTORY: A 6-year-old, neutered, female Angora cat presented with a history of lethargy and anorexia for 2 months and a clinically palpable and gradually enlarging, solid mass in the abdominal cavity extending from the last costal arch to the pelvic cavity. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Examination of the cat revealed jaundice, dehydration and hypothermia. Haematological manifestations included lymphopenia and substantial decrease in haematocrit value. Biochemical analysis of the blood revealed hypoglycaemia, three-fold elevated blood urea nitrogen values, increased level of serum aspartate aminotransferase and increased total bilirubin while the creatinine level was normal. Ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen showed a disrupted and large hypoechoic area around the left kidney. The cat was anaesthetised and the left kidney was removed, but the cat died following surgery. PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: On post-mortem examination, the left kidney was markedly enlarged and both the cortical and medullary parenchyma were replaced by confluent, multilobulated, pale tan-white, firm nodular masses protruding above the capsular surface. Metastasis was not observed. Cytological examination revealed a population of spindle-shaped cells of variable size, with abundant coarse chromatin and occasionally prominent nucleoli. Initial sections of the kidney were indicative of undifferentiated sarcoma confirmed by immunohistochemistry revealing vimentin-positive and cytokeratin-negative results in all tumour tissues. Additional sections showed very small amounts of both cytokeratin-positive and vimentin-positive areas. DIAGNOSIS: Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (SRCC) with scant epithelial components originating from left kidney. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Clinical and pathological features were similar to those of human SRCC, even though there was no evidence of metastases. Immunohistochemistry for vimentin and cytokeratin may be useful for definitive diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid differentiation, although staining of sections from several different parts of the tumour may be necessary. When a primary renal tumour is presented, SRCC should be considered as this diagnosis may influence treatment protocols and the clinical outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of New Zealand Veterinary Journal is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Floeck, M.

المصدر: New Zealand veterinary journal, May 2013; v.61 n.3:p.165-167

المؤلفون: Heppelmann, M, Staszyk, C, Rehage, J, Starke, A

المصدر: New Zealand Veterinary Journal; Sep2012, Vol. 60 Issue 5, p310-314, 5p

مصطلحات موضوعية: CALVES, CATTLE diseases, BONE resorption, ANTIBIOTICS, ARTHROCENTESIS, RADIOGRAPHY, ULTRASONIC imaging

مستخلص: The article presents case studies of calves developing subchondral osteolysis after treatment with systemic antibiotics for chronic purulent septic gonitis. It describes the clinical diagnosis and findings through clinical, radiographic, and ultrasonographic examination. The study implies that arthrotomy using the caudolateral approach is an effective method for the treatment of septic purulent gonitis with osteolysis in the femoral and tibial condyles of calves.