المؤلفون: Joël Vourchakbé, Zebaze Arnol Auvaker Tiofack, Tagueu Sartrien Kante, Gustave Simo, Mbida Mpoame

المصدر: Parasite
Parasite, Vol 27, p 63 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: 0301 basic medicine, Animal reservoir, Chad, Swine, Veterinary (miscellaneous), Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, 030231 tropical medicine, Buffy coat, Biology, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Dogs, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, lcsh:RC109-216, African trypanosomiasis, Animal species, Molecular identification, Disease Reservoirs, Rapid diagnostic test, Sheep, Host (biology), Transmission (medicine), Goats, Sleeping sickness, medicine.disease, Virology, Domestic animals, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Trypanosomiasis, African, Insect Science, Animals, Domestic, Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, Research Article

الوصف: Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) has been targeted for zero transmission to humans by 2030. Animal reservoirs of gambiense-HAT could jeopardize these elimination goals. This study was undertaken to identify potential host reservoirs for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense by detecting its natural infections in domestic animals of Chadian HAT foci. Blood samples were collected from 267 goats, 181 sheep, 154 dogs, and 67 pigs. Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and capillary tube centrifugation (CTC) were performed to search for trypanosomes. DNA was extracted from the buffy coat, and trypanosomes of the subgenus Trypanozoon as well as T. b. gambiense were identified by PCR. Of 669 blood samples, 19.4% were positive by RDT and 9.0% by CTC. PCR revealed 150 animals (22.4%) with trypanosomes belonging to Trypanozoon, including 18 (12%) T. b. gambiense. This trypanosome was found in all investigated animal species and all HAT foci. Between animal species or villages, no significant differences were observed in the number of animals harboring T. b. gambiense DNA. Pigs, dogs, sheep and goats appeared to be potential reservoir hosts for T. b. gambiense in Chad. The identification of T. b. gambiense in all animal species of all HAT foci suggests that these animals should be considered when designing new control strategies for sustainable elimination of HAT. Investigations aiming to decrypt their specific role in each epidemiological setting are important to achieve zero transmission of HAT.L’identification moléculaire de Trypanosoma brucei gambiense chez les porcs, les chiens et les petits ruminants naturellement infectés confirme les animaux domestiques comme réservoirs potentiels de la maladie du sommeil au Tchad.La trypanosomiase humaine africaine (THA) a été ciblée pour une interruption de sa transmission en 2030. Le réservoir animal de la THA à Trypanosoma brucei gambiense pourrait compromettre ces objectifs d’élimination. Cette étude a été entreprise pour identifier des potentiels hôtes réservoirs de Trypanosoma brucei gambiense en détectant ses infections naturelles chez des animaux domestiques des foyers tchadiens de la THA. Des échantillons de sang ont été prélevés chez 267 chèvres, 181 moutons, 154 chiens et 67 porcs. Le test de diagnostic rapide (TDR) et la centrifugation en tube capillaire (CTC) ont été utilisés pour mettre en évidence les trypanosomes. L’ADN a été extrait des couches leucocytaires et les trypanosomes du sous-genre Trypanozoon ainsi que T. b. gambiense ont été identifiés par PCR. Sur les 669 échantillons de sang analysés, 19,4% étaient positifs au TDR et 9,0% à la CTC. La PCR a révélé 150 (22,4%) animaux avec des trypanosomes du sous-genre Trypanozoon donc 18 (12%) portant l’ADN de T. b. gambiense. Ce dernier a été identifié chez toutes les espèces animales de tous les foyers de la THA. Entre les espèces animales ou les villages, aucune différence significative n’a été observée entre le nombre d’animaux ayant l’ADN de T. b. gambiense. Les porcs, les chiens, les moutons et les chèvres sont apparus comme des hôtes réservoirs potentiels de T. b. gambiense au Tchad. L’identification de T. b. gambiense, chez toutes les espèces animales étudiées dans tous les foyers, suggère de considérer ces animaux dans la conception des nouvelles stratégies de lutte visant une élimination durable de la THA. Des investigations visant à décrypter leur rôle spécifique dans chaque contexte épidémiologique sont nécessaires pour parvenir à une transmission nulle de la THA.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::3041ec5c72904dc17ce78374dc5e80a1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33206595

المؤلفون: Baba Sall, Zakaria Bengaly, Jérémy Bouyer, Momar Talla Seck, Marc J. B. Vreysen

المصدر: Parasite
Parasite, Vol 17, Iss 3, Pp 257-265 (2010)

مصطلحات موضوعية: mechanical transmission, Veterinary medicine, tsetse, Trypanosoma congolense, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, Prevalence, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Glossina palpalis, Seroepidemiologic Studies, African trypanosomiasis, education.field_of_study, biology, feasibility study, cyclical transmission, Senegal, Infectious Diseases, Livestock, L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux, Trypanosoma, Tsetse Flies, Veterinary (miscellaneous), Population, Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Cattle Diseases, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, African animal trypanosomosis, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, lcsh:RC109-216, Trypanosoma vivax, education, Bovin, business.industry, Trypanosomiasis, Bovine, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, area-wide integrated pest management, Trypanosomiasis, African, Insect Science, Vector (epidemiology), Herd, Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, Cattle, business, Trypanosomiasis

الوصف: In 2005, the Government of Senegal initiated a tsetse eradication campaign in the Niayes and La Petite Côte aiming at the removal of African Animal Trypanosomosis (AAT), which is one of the main constraints to the development of more effective cattle production systems. The target area has particular meteorological and ecological characteristics that provide great potential for animal production, but it is unfortunately still infested by the riverine tsetse species Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank (Diptera: Glossinidae). The tsetse project in Senegal has adopted an area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) approach that targets the entire tsetse population within a delimited area. During the first phase of the programme, a feasibility study was conducted that included the collection of entomological, veterinary, population genetics, environmental and socio-economic baseline data. This paper presents the parasitological and serological prevalence data of AAT in cattle residing inside and outside the tsetse-infested areas of the target zone prior to the control effort. At the herd level, a mean parasitological prevalence of 2.4 % was observed, whereas a serological prevalence of 28.7 %, 4.4 %, and 0.3 % was obtained for Trypanosoma vivax, T. congolense and T. brucei brucei, respectively. The observed infection risk was 3 times higher for T. congolense and T. vivax in the tsetse-infested than in the assumed tsetse-free areas. Moreover, AAT prevalence decreased significantly with distance from the nearest tsetse captured which indicated that cyclical transmission of the parasites by tsetse was predominant over mechanical transmission by numerous other biting flies present. The importance of these results for the development of a control strategy for the planned AW-IPM campaign is discussed.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::068fa80ef1534cfa57979e99e6fc6c87
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21073148

المؤلفون: Wendy Gibson

المصدر: Parasite, Vol 15, Iss 3, Pp 233-236 (2008)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Genetic Markers, Trypanosoma, Trypanosoma congolense, Veterinary (miscellaneous), Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, isoenzyme electrophoresis, Zoology, clonality, Human trypanosomiasis, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, reservoir hosts, Characterization methods, medicine, Animals, Humans, African trypanosomiasis, lcsh:RC109-216, Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma vivax, Isoenzyme electrophoresis, Protozoal disease, Disease Reservoirs, Molecular Epidemiology, Molecular epidemiology, biology, Genetic Variation, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Infectious Diseases, Trypanosomiasis, African, Evolutionary biology, Insect Science, Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, numerical taxonomy, Trypanosomiasis

الوصف: Summary: The accurate identification of the causative organisms of disease is fundamental to the study of epidemiology. Hence molecular tools are now widely used to detect and distinguish pathogens, and have greatly improved our understanding of epidemiology. David Godfrey pioneered the use of molecular markers in the epidemiology of African trypanosomiasis, thus enabling the light of reliable evidence to shine on this previously problematic and controversial subject area. From the early 1970’s David’s group employed first isoenzyme electrophoresis and subsequently DNAbased characterization methods to aid identification of trypanosomes collected from a range of endemic countries across Africa. These investigations had a major impact on our understanding of the zoonotic nature of human trypanosomiasis in Africa and of the genetic diversity of African trypanosomes.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::cce73227c11df2c228322f940386c924
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18814686

المؤلفون: Gérard Cuny, C. Mariani, Sophie Ravel, Dominique Cuisance, Vincent Jamonneau, Pascal Grébaut

المصدر: Parasite, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 107-109 (2004)
ResearcherID

مصطلحات موضوعية: Tsetse Flies, Trypanosoma congolense, Veterinary (miscellaneous), Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, INHIBITION, Biology, Trypanosoma brucei, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Salivary Glands, DETECTION, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, law.invention, Species Specificity, law, parasitic diseases, TECHNIQUE PCR, medicine, Animals, lcsh:RC109-216, PCR inhibition, PARASITE, Polymerase chain reaction, IDENTIFICATION, Glossina palpalis gambiensis, Host (biology), fungi, Kinetoplastida, Nucleic acid amplification technique, DNA, Protozoan, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Insect Vectors, Glossina morsitans morsitans, Infectious Diseases, Insect Science, Vector (epidemiology), Trypanosoma, Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, TRYPANOSOMIASE ANIMALE, Trypanosomiasis, Digestive System, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques

الوصف: The present study was carried out in order to investigate if there was really a failure of PCR in identifying parasitologically positive tsetse flies in the field. Tsetse flies (Glossina palpalis gambiensis and Glossina morsitans morsitans) were therefore experimentally infected with two different species of Trypanosoma (Trypanosoma brucei gambiense or Trypanosoma congolense). A total of 152 tsetse flies were dissected, and organs of each fly (midgut, proboscis or salivary glands) were examined. The positive organs were then analysed using PCR. Results showed that, regardless of the trypanosome species, PCR failed to amplify 40 % of the parasitologically positive midguts. This failure, which does not occur with diluted samples, is likely to be caused by an inhibition of the amplification reaction. This finding has important implications for the detection and the identification of trypanosome species in wild tsetse flies.

وصف الملف: text/pdf

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::a829eb74579a33541d7ec8d707df1f75
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15071836