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المؤلفون: Alana J. Anderson, Sammy Perone, Elizabeth H. Weybright
المصدر: Psychophysiology. 58
مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, Alpha asymmetry, Adolescent, Cognitive Neuroscience, media_common.quotation_subject, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, 050105 experimental psychology, Self-Control, Task (project management), Executive Function, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Developmental Neuroscience, Perception, medicine, Humans, Attention, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Biological Psychiatry, media_common, Neural correlates of consciousness, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, General Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Attentional control, Boredom, Brain Waves, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Neurology, Female, Self Report, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Psychomotor Performance, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
الوصف: Interest in the influences on and strategies to mitigate boredom has grown immensely. Boredom emerges in contexts in which people have difficulty paying attention, such as underchallenging relative to optimally challenging conditions. The current study probed contextual influences on peoples' experience of boredom by manipulating the order with which people performed easy and optimally challenging conditions of a task (N = 113). We measured frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) and theta/beta as neural correlates of self-regulatory and attentional control processes, respectively. Results showed self-reported boredom was higher in the easy condition when the optimal condition was completed before it. Similarly, participant's FAA shifted rightward from the first to the second task when the optimal condition was completed prior to the easy condition, indicating that self-regulatory processes were strongly engaged under these context-specific conditions. Theta/beta was lower during the easy relative to the optimal condition, regardless of the task order, indicating that maintaining attention in the easy condition was more difficult. No relations between perceptions of the task and neural correlates were observed. Exploratory analyses revealed higher levels of variability in FAA and theta/beta were associated with less enjoyment and more boredom, respectively. We speculate these observations reflect the less consistent engagement of self-regulatory and attentional control and, in turn, might play a role in peoples' subjective experience. We discuss the implications of our findings for our understanding of influences on and strategies to mitigate boredom, as well as how attentional and self-regulatory processes operate under conditions boredom typically emerges.
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المصدر: Psychophysiology. 56:e13347
مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, Cognitive Neuroscience, media_common.quotation_subject, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Electroencephalography, Stimulus (physiology), 050105 experimental psychology, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Developmental Neuroscience, Reaction Time, medicine, Humans, Attention, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Oddball paradigm, Biological Psychiatry, media_common, Neural correlates of consciousness, medicine.diagnostic_test, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, General Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Novelty, Brain, Cognition, Boredom, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Acoustic Stimulation, Video Games, Neurology, Feeling, Auditory Perception, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
الوصف: Video games are enjoyed most when the level and speed of the game match the players' skills. An optimal balance between challenges and skills triggers the subjective experience of "flow," a focused motivation leading to a feeling of spontaneous joy. The present research investigates the behavioral and neural correlates of a paradigm aimed to assess the players' subjective experience during gameplay. Attentional engagement changes were assessed first at the behavioral level and in a second stage by means of EEG recordings. An auditory novelty oddball paradigm was implemented as a secondary task while subjects played in three conditions: boredom, frustration, and flow. We found higher reaction times and error rates in the flow condition. In a second stage, EEG time domain analysis revealed a significantly delayed response-locked frontocentral negative deflection during flow, likely signaling the reallocation of attentional resources. Source reconstruction analyses showed that the brain regions responsible for the genesis of this negativity were located within the medial frontal cortex. Frequency domain analyses showed a significant power increase only in the alpha band for the flow condition. Our results showed that this alpha power enhancement was correlated with faster reaction times. This suggests that frontal alpha changes recorded as maximal at the midfrontal lines during flow might be related to inhibitory top-down cognitive control processes.
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المؤلفون: Donald I. Tepas, Carl P. Browman
المصدر: Psychophysiology. 13:536-540
مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Muscle Relaxation, Cognitive Neuroscience, media_common.quotation_subject, Physical Exertion, Sleep, REM, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Audiology, Electroencephalography, Non-rapid eye movement sleep, Developmental Neuroscience, Heart Rate, Heart rate, Reaction Time, medicine, Humans, Young adult, Biological Psychiatry, media_common, Slow-wave sleep, Communication, Sleep Stages, medicine.diagnostic_test, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Electrophysiology, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Neurology, Boredom, Auditory Perception, Sleep onset, Sleep, Psychology, business, Muscle Contraction, Vigilance (psychology)
الوصف: The effects of different presleep activities on all-night sleep were assessed. Nine young adult males engaged in brief periods of progressive relaxation (Relaxation), light dynamic exercise (Exercise), or a boring monotonous vigilance task (Vigilance) immediately before bed on consecutive nights. Standard electrophysiological data were recorded during the 7.5 hrs of sleep. The latency of sleep onset was shortest after Relaxation and longest after Exercise. Presleep heart rate and electromyograph levels were not related to sleep onset. Sleep stages were not differentiated by condition and no sleep parameter differed from normative data. The results suggest that it is possible to alter sleep latency by manipulating presleep behavior without disrupting the normal steep pattern.
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