المؤلفون: Johnson CI; School of Anatomy, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Hyde LE; School of Anatomy, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Cornwall T; School of Anatomy, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Spear M; School of Anatomy, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.

المصدر: Anatomical sciences education [Anat Sci Educ] 2024 Apr-May; Vol. 17 (3), pp. 506-513. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Feb 05.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Review

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101392205 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1935-9780 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19359772 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Anat Sci Educ Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Anatomy*/education , Education, Medical, Undergraduate*/methods , Students, Medical*, Male ; Humans ; Dogs ; Animals ; Horses ; Mice ; Sheep ; Anatomy, Comparative/education ; Universities ; Curriculum ; Dissection/education ; Cadaver

مستخلص: At the University of Bristol, we established a novel dissection course to complement our anatomy degree. Students enrolled in this undergraduate course are trained as comparative anatomists, with equal time given to both human and veterinary anatomy. Historically, students opted to dissect either human or veterinary donors as part of the course. To fully reflect the comparative nature of the degree, the dissection course was redesigned so students could dissect both human and veterinary specimens as part of the same course. This facilitated a wide-ranging experience of anatomy, encouraging detailed knowledge of a multitude of species and allowing for multifaceted anatomy graduates to be ready for employment in a wide and competitive job market. Across three iterations of the amended version of the course, median marks ranged from 58.7% to 62.0%, with between 22 and 39 students enrolled. In comparison to the course prior to the introduction of the change, median marks ranged from 59.8% to 62.8%, with between 16 and 24 students enrolled. There was no significant difference between marks before or after the introduction of the concurrently comparative aspect. This paper describes the course, with learning materials and assessments considered, along with some reflection on its value. The course offers benefits to students by widening their perspective on anatomical knowledge and making them more equipped for the job market. It also broadens their understanding of form-function relationships. However, student feedback implied that having the choice between human or veterinary dissection was preferable, and this may outweigh the perceived benefits of the course.
(© 2024 The Authors. Anatomical Sciences Education published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Association for Anatomy.)

المؤلفون: Gummery E; School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonnington, UK., Singh M; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK., Channon SB; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK.

المصدر: Journal of anatomy [J Anat] 2024 Jan; Vol. 244 (1), pp. 184-201. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Sep 04.

نوع المنشور: Editorial

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0137162 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1469-7580 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00218782 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Anat Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Education, Medical, Undergraduate*/methods , Anatomy*/education, Humans ; Anatomy, Veterinary ; Delphi Technique ; Anatomy, Regional ; Curriculum

مستخلص: Anatomy forms a key component of veterinary curricula, but, in the context of an evolving profession, curricula are adapting and changing accordingly. There is a lack of guidance for educators regarding the levels of anatomical knowledge required for a graduate to be considered safe or competent. A formal review of veterinary anatomy learning outcomes (LOs) is therefore timely to support curriculum development in this rapidly evolving field. This study aimed to create a set of LOs which reflect the recommended core requirements for a new graduate veterinarian. A consensus approach using a modified Delphi method was used. The Delphi panel consisted of 23 experienced and active veterinary anatomy educators from veterinary schools within the UK and Ireland. The process had four stages: (1) Research team review, pre-screening and modification of a list of existing LOs (adapted from the Core Regional Anatomy Syllabus) which then formed the initial set of outcomes sent for review; (2) Delphi Round 1; (3) Delphi Round 2; (4) Post-Delphi final screening and review. Qualitative data outlining the rationale for modification and rejection of LOs were analysed via content analysis. 167 LOs were initially presented to the Delphi panel in Round 1. 64 of those were accepted, 79 recommended for modification and 23 rejected. 122 LOs were presented to the Delphi panel in Round 2. Of these, 86 outcomes were accepted, 10 modified and 26 rejected. 160 LOs were ultimately accepted and form the Veterinary Anatomy Core Syllabus. Key themes arising from analysis include the removal of unnecessary detail and increased focus on the relevance of competencies required of a new veterinary graduate. The syllabus presented may be used by curriculum planners, teachers and students within veterinary education worldwide.
(© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Anatomy published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Anatomical Society.)

المؤلفون: Pagels L; Pain and Exercise Research Luebeck, Institution of Health Sciences, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Deutschland. larissa.pagels@uni-luebeck.de., Eschke RC; Pain and Exercise Research Luebeck, Institution of Health Sciences, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Deutschland., Luedtke K; Pain and Exercise Research Luebeck, Institution of Health Sciences, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Deutschland.

المصدر: BMC medical education [BMC Med Educ] 2024 May 06; Vol. 24 (1), pp. 500. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 06.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101088679 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1472-6920 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14726920 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Med Educ Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Anatomy*/education , Cross-Over Studies*, Humans ; Male ; Computer-Assisted Instruction/methods ; Educational Measurement ; Physical Therapy Specialty/education ; Germany ; Female ; Atlases as Topic ; Adult ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult ; Learning ; Shoulder/anatomy & histology ; Knee/anatomy & histology

مستخلص: Background: According to the German Physiotherapy Education and Qualification Regulations, teaching of anatomical structures is one of the fundamental subjects of physiotherapy education. Besides exhibits and models, anatomy atlases are usually used as teaching and learning tools. These are available in both analog form such as printed books or in digital form as a mobile application. Furthermore, the use of digital teaching and learning tools is steadily increasing within the education of health professionals.
Aim: To assess the efficacy of a digital educational tool in contrast to an analog anatomical atlas in acquiring knowledge about anatomical structures.
Material and Method: The data collection took place in the context of an anatomy tutorial for students of the bachelor's degree program in physiotherapy. In a cross-over design, the students completed two learning assignments, each, with different learning materials provided, either with an anatomy app on a tablet or with an anatomy atlas as a book. The tests to assess the newly acquired knowledge immediately after the task, consisted of questions about the anatomical structures of the knee as well as the shoulder. In addition, the students' satisfaction with the learning materials provided was surveyed using a questionnaire. The survey assessed their satisfaction, their assessment of learning success, and their affinity to digital learning materials. This was done using a 5-point Likert scale and a free-text field. The data was analyzed descriptively, and group differences were calculated using a t-tests.
Results: Thirty students participated. The group comparison showed a significantly better outcome for the group that prepared with the analog anatomy atlas for the questions on the knee than the comparison group that used the anatomy app (t(28) = 2.6; p = 0.007). For the questions concerning the shoulder, there was no significant difference between the digital and analog groups (t(28) = 1.14; p = 0.26). The questionnaire revealed that satisfaction with the analog anatomy atlas was significantly higher than with the anatomy app. A total of 93.34% rated their experience with the analog learning tool at least "somewhat satisfied". In contrast, 72.67% of students partially or fully agreed that they "enjoyed learning with digital learning tools".
Discussion: Learning anatomical structures with the Human Anatomy Atlas 2023 + app did not show a clear advantage when compared to an anatomy book in these two cohorts of physiotherapy students. The results of the questionnaire also showed greater satisfaction with the analog anatomy atlas than with the anatomy app, whereas most students stated that they frequently use digital learning tools, including some for anatomical structures. Satisfaction with the learning tool seems to play a central role in their effectiveness. In addition, sufficient time must be provided for users to familiarize themselves with the user interface of digital applications to use them effectively.
Registration: Diese klinische Studie wurde nicht in einem Studienregister registriert.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)

المؤلفون: Neumann PE; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

المصدر: Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.) [Clin Anat] 2024 May; Vol. 37 (4), pp. 390-396. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jun 28.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Review

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Alan R. Liss, Inc Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8809128 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1098-2353 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08973806 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Clin Anat Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Seminal Vesicles* , Anatomy*/history, Male ; Female ; Humans ; Fascia/anatomy & histology ; Communication ; Ribs ; Vulva

مستخلص: The purpose of a standard terminology is to facilitate communication. Thus, changing the name of an anatomical structure or the meaning of an anatomical term undermines that aspiration and cuts connections with anatomy's long history. Two types of anatomical terms are the most vulnerable to logical arguments for revision-ones that are descriptive, but viewed, at least by some, as inaccurate, and ones that contain words that are polysemic or vague. A half dozen examples of each type are discussed, including ductus deferens, glandula seminalis, articulationes costochondrales, vulva and fascia. In general, traditional terms should be preserved, but judgments about which terms are traditional should be based on five centuries of modern anatomy, not just the past several decades.
(© 2023 The Author. Clinical Anatomy published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Association of Clinical Anatomists and British Association of Clinical Anatomists.)

المؤلفون: Qiao Q; Department of Pediatric, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Hohhot, 010020, China. Electronic address: 16648182035@163.com., Li Y; Department of Pediatric, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Hohhot, 010020, China., Han L; Department of Pediatric, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Hohhot, 010020, China., Zhang Y; Department of Pediatric, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Hohhot, 010020, China.

المصدر: Asian journal of surgery [Asian J Surg] 2024 May; Vol. 47 (5), pp. 2288-2289. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Feb 07.

نوع المنشور: Letter

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 8900600 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 0219-3108 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10159584 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Asian J Surg Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Trachea*/anatomy & histology , Trachea*/diagnostic imaging, Humans ; Teaching ; Anatomy/education ; Hand/anatomy & histology

مستخلص: Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors have no potential financial and non-potential financial conflicts of interest.

المؤلفون: Previdelli RL; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK., Boardman E; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK., Frill M; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK., Frean S; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK., Channon SB; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.

المصدر: Anatomical sciences education [Anat Sci Educ] 2024 Jan-Feb; Vol. 17 (1), pp. 88-101. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Aug 09.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101392205 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1935-9780 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19359772 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Anat Sci Educ Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Anatomy*/education , Students, Medical*, Humans ; Animals ; Dogs ; Anatomy, Veterinary/education ; Learning ; Dissection/methods ; Curriculum ; Cadaver

مستخلص: An innovative series of dissections of the canine abdomen was created to facilitate social distancing in the dissection room following COVID-19 restrictions imposed in the UK. In groups of six, first-year veterinary students took turns dissecting selected parts of the canine abdomen while maintaining social distancing and documenting their work with video and photographs. Here, students learned about the canine abdominal anatomy by dissecting, recording the dissections of others in their group, and compiling the recorded material into a collaborative electronic media portfolio (Wiki). An online formative multiple-choice test was created to test students' knowledge of the canine abdominal anatomy. The result analysis showed that although students achieved the learning outcomes only by studying the Wiki, they had better performance in the anatomical areas where they learned through the dissection (p < 0.05). Student performance was very similar in the areas in which they were present in the dissection room and participated in recording the dissection compared with the areas that they effectively dissected (p > 0.05). A qualitative thematic analysis was developed to understand students' opinions via their feedback on this dissection approach. Our results showed that student collaboration and the development of practical skills were the most valued aspects of this dissection teaching initiative. Moreover, these results show that developing a group Wiki has a positive impact on student achievement of learning objectives, with a practical hands-on dissection being fundamental for the optimal learning of the canine abdominal anatomy.
(© 2023 The Authors. Anatomical Sciences Education published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Association for Anatomy.)

المؤلفون: Dos Santos Magalhães C; Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Terapêutica, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil., da Silva FCL; Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil., Randau KP; Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Terapêutica, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil.

المصدر: Microscopy research and technique [Microsc Res Tech] 2024 May; Vol. 87 (5), pp. 1063-1075. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jan 17.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley-Liss Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9203012 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1097-0029 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1059910X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Microsc Res Tech Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Plant Leaves*/anatomy & histology , Magnoliopsida*, Anatomy, Comparative ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Phytochemicals/analysis

مستخلص: This study addresses the morphological similarities and taxonomic complexity of the genus Tarenaya Raf. of the family Cleomaceae Bercht. & J. Presl as well as the medicinal use of their species. The research compares potential anatomical diagnostic characters of the vegetative organs of species Tarenaya aculeata, Tarenaya diffusa, and Tarenaya spinosa to determine authenticity parameters. The study also carried out histochemical and phytochemical analyses of leaf blades to explore the medicinal use of these species. Semipermanent slides containing cross sections of the stems, petioles, and leaf blades, as well as paradermal sections of leaf blades, were prepared. The analyses were carried out in light and polarized optical microscopy. The histochemical analysis included different reagents depending on the target metabolite, which were analyzed by optical and fluorescence microscopy. Phytochemical tests of the methanolic extracts of the leaves were performed using thin layer chromatography. Anatomical characterization showed the characters of general occurrence in the family Cleomaceae and those that allow the differentiation of T. aculeata, T. diffusa, and T. spinosa. Histochemistry revealed the synthesis and/or storage sites of the metabolites and phytochemical tests; it was possible to observe the presence of different metabolites. The results bring comparative data on the anatomical and histochemical characterization of the species, thus increasing the taxonomic knowledge of the genus Tarenaya. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The comparative anatomy of three Tarenaya from Brazil was studied. Anatomical differences in different vegetative organs differ species. Differences in histochemistry and phytochemistry.
(© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

المؤلفون: Hashemi SA; Assistant Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Nosrati S; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Shayan Z; Trauma Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Vosoughi AR; Associate Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Surgeon, Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

المصدر: Foot & ankle specialist [Foot Ankle Spec] 2024 Apr; Vol. 17 (2), pp. 125-130. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Nov 02.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Sage Publications Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101473598 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1938-7636 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19386400 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Foot Ankle Spec Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Ankle Joint*/anatomy & histology , Ankle Joint*/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed* , Fibula*/anatomy & histology , Fibula*/diagnostic imaging, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Adolescent ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Young Adult ; Tibia/anatomy & histology ; Tibia/diagnostic imaging ; Reference Values ; Anatomy, Cross-Sectional

مستخلص: Background: The aim of this study was to determine morphological variations and normal parameters of the cross-sectional tibiofibular syndesmotic anatomy.
Methods: Configurations of syndesmosis, anterior syndesmotic width (ASW), posterior syndesmotic width (PSW), and overlap distance, defined as the overlap of medial fibula with a drawn line from tip of anterior tubercle of incisura fibularis to the posterior tip, were measured on normal computed tomography (CT) scans of 110 cases. Results: Seventy seven male (70%) and 33 female (30%) (left: 50 and right: 60) were assessed. Mean age of the cases was 33 ± 13 (range: 15-80) years. Three different syndesmotic configurations were crescent (55.5%), rectangular (39.1 %), and semicircle (5.4 %). Overall, mean ASW, PSW, and overlap distance were 2.72, 3.98, and 1.02 mm, respectively. Upper limit of normal ASW in crescent, rectangular, and semicircle was 4.80, 4.85, and 3.89 mm, respectively. The maximum of PSW in crescent, rectangular, and semicircle was 6.25, 6.50, and 4.97 mm, respectively. There was not significant difference between syndesmotic configurations based on age (P = .69) and sex (P = .16).
Conclusions: During interpreting axial CT scan to diagnose syndesmotic injuries, the normal range of parameters according to the different configurations of the tibiofibular syndesmosis should be carefully considered.
Level of Evidence: Level 4.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

المؤلفون: Arnette SD; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.; Friday Harbor Labs, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, Washington, USA., Simonitis LE; Friday Harbor Labs, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, Washington, USA.; Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA., Egan JP; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA.; Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA., Cohen KE; University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA., Kolmann MA; Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.

المصدر: Journal of anatomy [J Anat] 2024 Feb; Vol. 244 (2), pp. 260-273. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Sep 28.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0137162 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1469-7580 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00218782 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Anat Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Fishes*/anatomy & histology, Animals ; Gizzard, Avian/anatomy & histology ; Anatomy, Comparative

مستخلص: Gut morphology frequently reflects the food organisms digest. Gizzards are organs of the gut found in archosaurs and fishes that mechanically reduce food to aid digestion. Gizzards are thought to compensate for edentulism and/or provide an advantage when consuming small, tough food items (e.g., phytoplankton and algae). It is unknown how widespread gizzards are in fishes and how similar these structures are among different lineages. Here, we investigate the distribution of gizzards across bony fishes to (1) survey different fishes for gizzard presence, (2) compare the histological structure of gizzards in three species, (3) estimate how often gizzards have evolved in fishes, and (4) explore whether anatomical and ecological traits like edentulism and microphagy predict gizzard presence. According to our analyses, gizzards are rare across bony fishes, evolving only six times in a broad taxonomic sampling of 51 species, and gizzard presence is not clearly correlated with factors like gut length or dentition. We find that gizzard morphology varies among the lineages where one is present, both macroscopically (presence of a crop) and microscopically (varying tissue types). We conclude that gizzards likely aid in the mechanical reduction of food in fishes that have lost an oral dentition in their evolutionary past; however, the relative scarcity of gizzards suggests they are just one of many possible solutions for processing tough, nutrient-poor food items. Gizzards have long been present in the evolutionary history of fishes, can be found in a wide variety of marine and freshwater clades, and likely have been overlooked in many taxa.
(© 2023 Anatomical Society.)

المؤلفون: Aridan N; Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel., Bernstein-Eliav M; Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel., Gamzo D; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel., Schmeidler M; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel., Tik N; Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel., Tavor I; Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

المصدر: Anatomical sciences education [Anat Sci Educ] 2024 Mar; Vol. 17 (2), pp. 239-248. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Nov 23.

نوع المنشور: Randomized Controlled Trial; Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101392205 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1935-9780 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19359772 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Anat Sci Educ Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Anatomy*/education , Virtual Reality*, Humans ; Neuroanatomy/education ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/anatomy & histology ; Photogrammetry

مستخلص: Anatomy studies are an essential part of medical training. The study of neuroanatomy in particular presents students with a unique challenge of three-dimensional spatial understanding. Virtual Reality (VR) has been suggested to address this challenge, yet the majority of previous reports have implemented computer-generated or imaging-based models rather than models of real brain specimens. Using photogrammetry of real human bodies and advanced editing software, we developed 3D models of a real human brain at different stages of dissection. Models were placed in a custom-built virtual laboratory, where students can walk around freely, explore, and manipulate (i.e., lift the models, rotate them for different viewpoints, etc.). Sixty participants were randomly assigned to one of three learning groups: VR, 3D printed models or read-only, and given 1 h to study the white matter tracts of the cerebrum, followed by theoretical and practical exams and a learning experience questionnaire. We show that following self-guided learning in virtual reality, students demonstrate a gain in spatial understanding and an increased satisfaction with the learning experience, compared with traditional learning approaches. We conclude that the models and virtual lab described in this work may enhance learning experience and improve learning outcomes.
(© 2023 The Authors. Anatomical Sciences Education published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Association for Anatomy.)