المؤلفون: Maghsoudpour, Mohammad Ali, Salimifar, Mostafa, Salehnia, Narges

المصدر: Journal of Development & Capital / Majallah-i tusiah & Sarmāyah; 2023, Vol. 8 Issue 1, p23-43, 23p

مستخلص: Objective: In this research, the effect of central bank sanctions on the accumulation of financial capital of the private sector will be investigated in the framework of a Post-Keynesian model of SFC. The reason for using this model is the suitability of the post-Keynesian approach to the research topic. Post-Keynesian market economics states that if the social is to be realized automatically, the government must step in as a market firm that aims or changes the outcome in a desirable way, with minimal interventionist policies, to achieve social action. Post- Keynesians are against the role of the government in the economy and believe that the markets need the support of the government in order to manage the management. Method: In this research, macroeconomic modeling was done with an accounting approach. This approach gained popularity after the Great Financial Crisis of 2007, which brought macroeconomic problems to many developed countries. The matching model used in this research provides the possibility of connecting the real and financial aspects of the economy in a coherent and integrated framework, which is an important advantage of these models compared to the common classical models. The research model is made in such a way that it records the changes made in the whole system when one of the parameters is modified by changing the behavior of each of the parts involved in the model. This feature allows the model to reflect the consequences of fiscal or monetary policy as well as exogenous shocks such as sanctions and shows how the balance sheets of individual sectors are interdependent .First, the model is estimated using the data of Iran's economy for the period 2010-2015, and then this model is simulated to create a basic scenario for the period 2001-2011, based on which the shock effects of the central bank sanctions in three scenarios, weak sanctions (in which 80% of foreign exchange resources return to the country), moderate sanctions (in which 50% of foreign exchange resources return to the country) and strick sanctions (in which only 20% of foreign exchange resources return to the country) for a period of 50 It has been simulated and analyzed. Findings: The results of the research show that sanctioning the central bank and restricting its access to foreign exchange resources resulting from the trade surplus can have adverse effects on other sectors of the economy in addition to the central bank itself. Sanctioning the central bank will reduce the accumulation of financial capital of the private sector, which can disrupt the economic production by reducing the resources necessary for private sector investment and create the grounds for the economy to enter recession. Also, the extent of this effect depends on the severity of the sanctions, and with the tightening of the sanctions, the accumulation of financial capital of the private sector is more affected. If the sanctions are permanent, it will cause the financial capital of the private sector to reach its stable state after a few years of reduction (depending on the severity of the sanctions), at a lower level than before. The thing to think about is that the more severe the sanction, in addition to a sharper decrease in the financial capital variable, it will take much longer for the variable to reach a stable state. This time will be about 10 years for a weak permanent embargo, about 15 years for a medium permanent embargo, and about 20 years for a severe permanent embargo. Conclusion: According to the post-Keynesian theories, the duty of the government is to intervene in the economy and prevent the formation of recession. In this regard, the effect of the two expansionary financial policies of increasing government spending and reducing taxes that the government can do is to prevent the reduction of financial capital accumulation. The private sector was investigated. The results of the research showed that these policies have a positive effect on the accumulation of financial capital of the private sector and Yolet can reduce the severity of the negative effects of sanctions on the accumulation of financial capital of the private sector by applying them. This means that if the government wants to prevent the reduction of the accumulation of financial capital of the private sector due to the sanctions of the central bank, it has to impose a budget deficit on itself. It is clear that the government's budget deficit has consequences for Iran's economy. Whether the government's intervention in the economy is the right thing to do in this situation or not, it needs further study and examination and comparison of the negative consequences of the government's budget deficit and the decrease in the accumulation of private sector financial capital in Iran's economy. But what emerges from the results of the research is that the sanction of the Central Bank has harmful effects and consequences on the Iranian economy and affects all sectors of the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Journal of Development & Capital / Majallah-i tusiah & Sarmāyah is the property of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Faculty of Management & Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Najafi, Sajad, Yazdanpanah, Kyomars, Pishgahi Fard, Zahra, Badiee, Marjan

المصدر: Journal of Iran Future Studies / Āyandah/pizhūhī-i Īrān; Summer/Autumn2021, Vol. 6 Issue 1, p103-126, 24p

مستخلص: Objective: One of the most important of the national security of countries in order to protect their national interests is defense-military field and the country's defense power key factors to prevent deterrence of enemy threats. Meanwhile, the defense policies of countries, especially Iran, are strongly influenced by socio-cultural factors, and these factors have a significant role on the country's defense power. In this regard, this article raises the question "which of the sociocultural factors affecting Iran's defense power are the key and most influential factors? The research has been done by basing the theory of strategic culture as a theoretical framework. Method: The research is a combination of descriptive-analytical and survey (using the opinion of experts and a questionnaire) in terms of method and applied-developmental in terms of purpose. Findings: Fifteen significant factors and four factors as key socio-cultural factors affecting Iran's defense power were identified. Conclusion: Dominant national ideology, religious beliefs, patriotism and resistance, popular government and unity between the nation and the military were identified as key factors affecting defense power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Journal of Iran Future Studies / Āyandah/pizhūhī-i Īrān is the property of Imam Khomeini International University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)