المؤلفون: S. R. Sheikhahmadi, M.A. Kiani Fordoei, M. Oliaei

المصدر: مهندسی عمران شریف, Vol 38.2, Iss 2.1, Pp 41-50 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: subway tunnels, shallow geothermal energy, finite element modelling, ground heat exchangers (ghe), parametric study, Building construction, TH1-9745

الوصف: Nowadays, with development of subway tunnels, heating and cooling stations are playing an important role. Shallow geothermal energy as a renewable time-independent energy source helped significantly to reduce energy consumption for supplying ventilation, heating, and cooling of subway stations. The amount of accessible energy from such modern systems is of great importance in their economic assessment. Hence, this research aims to perform and present finite element modeling to evaluate the amount of exploited energy through ground heat exchangers (GHE) in tunnels. After validation of implemented modeling, the effect of various involved parameters in modeling was studied for a short-term operation of heat exchange. Additionally, the effect of lining isolation with respect to the inner environment of the tunnel was investigated. The results show that by increasing water velocity in the pipe, the total extracted power increased in both isolated and non-isolated conditions. The results can be classified into three main categories. 1. By increasing (a) the spacing between the pipe and inner environment of the tunnel in isolated case, (b) the inner temperature of the tunnel in non-isolated case, and (c) thermal conductivity of soil in both isolate and none-isolate cases, the total extracted power could be improved. The pipe diameter has a fascinating effect on the total extracted power. Firstly, it reduces the amount of extracted power. However, in the case of larger diameters, due to the capability of discharging more water, the amount of extracted power is increased. 2. By increasing (a) the spacing between the pipe and inner environment of the tunnel in non-isolated conditions and (b) pipe thickness in both non-isolated and isolated conditions, the total extracted power is reduced. 3. By increasing the specific heat capacity, density, and porosity of the soil, the total extracted power slightly changes. Indeed, these parameters have a negligible effect on extracted power.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://sjce.journals.sharif.edu/article_22734_925f0609b07f06a3cc8e2d2c0cfc98d9.pdf; https://doaj.org/toc/2676-4768; https://doaj.org/toc/2676-4776

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/a27bd67ef1fd4456a57ad869ac023c3d

المؤلفون: عنایت الله امامی میبدی, جمال الدین حاجی باقری فروشانی, فریبا کارگران بافقی

المصدر: Analytical and Numerical Methods in Mining Engineering, Vol 11, Iss 29, Pp 27-40 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: subway station, natm, stm, cut & cover, support systems, numerical modeling, Mining engineering. Metallurgy, TN1-997

الوصف: Nowadays, due to the increasing urban environments, increasing the density of surface structures and the lack of space for intra-urban transportation, the need to implement underground structures such as tunnels and subway stations in urban environments has been felt more than ever. One of the important factors in the implementation of deep underground stations in urban environments is the choice of suitable excavation methods that have a significant impact on the stability of the tunnel space during excavation, surface sinking caused by drilling, and also the long-term stability of the excavated space. In this research, considering the geotechnical characteristics of the land and the geometry of the station under study, three common methods for excavation of subway station, including NATM, STM, and cut & cover methods with support systems such as shotcrete, piles and ribs, fore polling and nailing numerically modeled and have been evaluated and reviewed for the stability of the space and tunnel wall displacement. Numerical modeling of various methods for implementing this space has been done using the finite difference method with FLAC3D software. Sensitivity analysis for changing geometric parameters of support systems was done. According to the results, the maximum displacement in the environment around the station is related to the cut & cover method and the minimum is related to the STM method with the nailing support system.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: http://anm.yazd.ac.ir/article_2030_d797b31d661e7305c1a8a2a9016641bf.pdf; https://doaj.org/toc/2251-6565; https://doaj.org/toc/2676-6795

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/df4ef22e23b545a0bc71b5732e58cd99

المؤلفون: R. Alibaf, A. Komak panah

المصدر: مهندسی عمران شریف, Vol 37.2, Iss 2.2, Pp 149-158 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: passive defense, surface explosion, subway station, ls-dyna, Building construction, TH1-9745

الوصف: The increasing number of worldwide terrorist attacks in recent years and danger of enemy air attacks highlights the significance of the secure design of urban structures and explosion mechanics as the passive defense. Iran is no exception from these external threats considering its position in the Middle East. Subway stations are considered as the safe and strategic structures during terrorist operations since they provide a safe route for the transfer of power and equipment. Tunnel structures can be exposed to internal or external explosions. The internal explosions are less likely to occur because it is hard to get an explosive material inside a tunnel due to modern security and control systems inside subway tunnels. However, external blasts are more likely to occur due to the difficulty of detecting and preventing their threat. The present study was carried out in the finite element software LS-DYNA using the ALE (Arbitrary_Lagrangian _Eulerian) technique to simulate and monitor the propagation of the blast pressure waves into the soil. Furthermore, the performance of Tehran metro stations in response to a surface explosion of 11ton TNT, equivalent to the explosive power of the most potent non-nuclear missile, was evaluated. The results from validation model analysis indicated that the pressure waves propagated into the soil as the hemispherical waves as well as the peak pressure values closely matched the predicted values of the technical design manual TM5-855-1. The results also showed that the depths of the crater created by the detonation of 3, 7, and, 11 tons of TNT were 6.5, 9, and 12 m, respectively, for the surface detonation of 11 tons of TNT charge. The affected region of the soil was about 18 m beneath the ground surface, and the duration was almost 0.4 seconds. In addition, although the safety of stations with depths of less than 19 m against the 11-ton explosive charge was not guaranteed, that of the stations deeper than 19 m could be quite ensured.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://sjce.journals.sharif.edu/article_22192_a8033f2a0f7851d5efa6237c25ece833.pdf; https://doaj.org/toc/2676-4768; https://doaj.org/toc/2676-4776

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/b88c20b53fcc4c7293154f6dc3d1d092

Alternate Title: The Role of Urban Design Qualities in Metro Stations Approaching Indigenous Patterns: (Case Imam Khomeini, Haft-e-Tir, and Enghelab Stations in Focus). (English)

المؤلفون: اصغر موالئی

المصدر: Spatial Planning; Spring2022, Vol. 12 Issue 1, p121-148, 32p

مصطلحات موضوعية: URBAN planning, PUBLIC spaces, UNDERGROUND areas, URBAN growth, SUBWAY stations, CITIES & towns

مصطلحات جغرافية: TEHRAN (Iran), IRAN

مستخلص: Subway stations are one of the most popular public spaces in the Iranian big cities, which is accompanied by urban design low qualities. The urban design of knowledge, art, and profession is the organization of the environmental qualities of the urban and public domain of the subject. Considering low qualities in these modern spaces that are used by everyday people, the most important issue of the present research is constructed without reference to indigenous fields. Emphasis on indigenous patterns, in the construction of underground spaces, especially subway stations, can lead to the sustainability and desirability of these spaces. The development of urban-rural spaces can play an important role in the sustainability of contemporary large and populated cities. Construction and construction of these spaces is a new phenomenon in Iran that can weaken or strengthen the natural, human, social, cultural, and economic characteristics of cities such as Tehran. In this paper, the purpose of this paper is to explain the status of the design of urban design in metro station spaces, with emphasis on indigenous patterns. The present study is conducted using the descriptive-analytical methodology and studies between the three areas of urban design and related qualities; subsurface development and metro station spaces; native architectural and urban design patterns. Therefore, after the design of the problem and terminology, the study of definitions and urban design qualities from the point of view of the experts and the addition and extraction of comprehensive urban design qualities was done with the article approach. Subsequently, in order to study Imam Khomeini, Seventh, and Revolution Square subway stations, they were studied and analyzed. The results of the study indicate that the planning and design of metro station spaces should pay attention to the comprehensive design quality of the city. These qualities include identity recognition, environmental sustainability, socioeconomic and economic sustainability, safety and security, efficiency and diversity, accessibility and accessibility, continuity and integrity, proportions and human scale, freedom, flexibility, Vitality, intuition and sensual richness, justice. The analysis of case examples, both in terms of both generic and indigenous patterns, has a low status and poor quality of urban design and indigenous patterns. In general, paying attention to the design qualities of a design based on native patterns can enhance their sustainability, utility, and humanity. Introduction Urban design is a science, art, and profession dealing with organizing the environmental qualities of urban and public areas. Paying attention to the vacuum of urban design qualities in these modern spaces that are used daily by people is the most important issue of the present study, which has been constructed without any connection with local contexts. By presenting this issue, the purpose of this study is to explain the position of urban design qualities in metro station spaces with an emphasis on local patterns. In the process of urban development, all aspects of environmental quality must be considered. In other words, strengthening or meeting one or more (private and public) needs and environmental quality should not lead to the weakening or loss of other environmental qualities. This is an issue common in contemporary projects. One-dimensional views of urban projects, such as a purely economic or traffic approach, will neglect the underlying features, undermine identity, and move in the opposite direction of sustainable development. The theme of this research is that, on the one hand, the development of urban infrastructures such as metro stations, especially in large cities and their centers, is a matter of certainty and these infrastructures in the dimensions of transportation, space, play an important role in the life of urban centers. But on the other hand, the construction of these spaces is often devoid of environmental qualities and less attention is paid to local patterns. The research hypothesis is that by accompanying and using local models in the planning and development of subsurface spaces, both goals can be achieved, namely the development of urban infrastructure, strengthening urban identity, and improving environmental qualities. Therefore, this study seeks solutions to use local patterns in the development of subsurface spaces and subway stations. Research Methods This study aims to analyze the position of urban design qualities in the design of metro stations. The study is conducted using a combined research approach (i.e. quantitative and qualitative methods). In this regard, the most important research question is: What is the position of urban design qualities in the design of metro stations? Also, the research sub-questions are: What are the qualities of urban design effective in the design of metro stations? What are the ways to apply these qualities with emphasis on indigenous patterns in subway stations? In this research, while analyzing the features and qualities of native patterns, the application of these patterns, related features, and qualities in the planning and design of contemporary underground spaces in our country are discussed and solutions and suggestions are presented. Therefore, while defining these concepts from the theorists’ point of view, we summarize and conclude these definitions, and then search for native patterns of architecture and urban planning for use in the planning and design of metro stations. Research Findings The results of the study show that in planning and designing metro station spaces, comprehensive qualities of urban design should be considered. These qualities include identity, legibility, environmental sustainability, social, cultural and economic sustainability, safety and security, efficiency and diversity, pedestrianism and ease of access, cohesion and integration, human proportions and scale, freedom, flexibility, vitality, attractiveness and sensory richness, and justice. The analysis of case studies, both in terms of general qualities and indigenous patterns, indicates the low and weak position of urban design qualities and indigenous patterns. In general, paying attention to urban-design qualities with a focus on indigenous patterns can promote their sustainability, desirability, and humanity. Emphasis on indigenous patterns in the construction of underground spaces, especially subway stations, can lead to the stability and desirability of these spaces. The development of suburban urban spaces can play an important role in the sustainability of large and densely populated contemporary cities. The construction of these spaces is a new phenomenon in Iran that can weaken or strengthen the natural, human, social, cultural, and economic characteristics of cities like Tehran. From all these issues, it can be concluded that the role of subsurface spaces, including metro stations, in the sustainable development of cities, should be taken seriously and the comprehensive realization of environmental qualities should be considered by avoiding one-dimensional approaches in planning and designing these spaces. It can also be said that traditional Iranian indigenous buildings and collections such as Gudal Baghcheh, Shovadan, Cistern, the historical bazaar have valuable structural features (in terms of the form and function on architectural and urban scales) and can be a local model for the development of metro station spaces. Given that our country is on the verge of developing such spaces, paying attention to these points can play an important role in stabilizing cities and strengthening urban identity, and improving environmental qualities. These templates and design guides can be used in the planning and design of metro station complexes. Since the metro network is one of the most widely used underground spaces in large cities, the subsurface development in relation to metro stations and using the native patterns studied in this research can be useful and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Shahram Vosoughi, Kourosh Sarvari, Mohammad Hossein Chalak, Mohammad Khandan, Sajjad Rostamzadeh

المصدر: بهداشت و ایمنی کار, Vol 10, Iss 3, Pp 263-272 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: safety climate, subway, locomotive drivers, iran, Environmental pollution, TD172-193.5

الوصف: Introduction: Safety is a significant part of the public transportation. Suitable safety climate has a positive effect on safety performance and reduces accidents rate. The aim of this study was investigating safety climate status of Tehran subway drivers in 2013. Material and method: The present study was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. In this study, statistical population was all drivers of 1, 2 and 4 lines of Tehran Urban & Suburban Railway Operation company. Also, a questionnaire arranged by one of our researcher was used to collect demographics data of subjects. Safety climate was also investigated using standard Vinod Kumarchr('39')s questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and T-Student and ANOVA tests using SPSS21 software. Results: Overall, 293 questionnaires were analyzed. Among the participants, 38.8% were line 1 derivers, 31.1% line 2 drivers and 33.1% line 4 drivers. The mean and standard deviation of the safety climate was 146.53±49.44, which is less than 147 (median). The results indicated that safety climate had a relation with the age group and education levels (P0.05). Conclusion: Safety climate status among subway drivers is not desirable. Among the various factors, commitment and performance of management in the safety area had the weakest status. Strengthening the structure of the health, Safety and Environment (HSE) management system in the Tehran Urban and Suburban Railway Operation company can enhance the level of safety climate among staff of this organization.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: http://jhsw.tums.ac.ir/article-1-6373-en.html; https://doaj.org/toc/2251-807X; https://doaj.org/toc/2383-2088

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/8738312ab70540679e18dfd14069ba5b

المؤلفون: A. Mahmoodi, M. Hasanpour, S. Khataie

المصدر: Taḥqīqāt-i Farhangī-i Īrān, Vol 12, Iss 2, Pp 23-66 (2019)

مصطلحات موضوعية: environmental graphic designs, iranian- islamic art, national identity, visual identity of cities, subway murals, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, AZ20-999, Social sciences (General), H1-99

الوصف: Murals are a kind of environmental graphic designs which in addition to adding to the environment’s beauty play a significant role in shaping the visual identity of the cities and due to their structural features are widely used in subway stations. Metro environment is one of the most crowded places in today’s modern life which has a substantial impact on the society’s cultural and identity changes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the status and role of environmental graphics as a powerful medium in fashioning and influencing the city’s visual identity as well as its role in the revival of culture, art, and national and local identity. To this aim, 70 murals of Tehran subway stations were selected and analyzed quantitatively with respect to different dimension of national identity as well as different components of its cultural dimension. Finally, the data were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively based on their content and structure. The data related to theoretical part of the study were gathered through library method and using the existing documents and information and the data associated with the analytical part of the study were collected through field research and employing observational tools.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: http://www.jicr.ir/article_396_afb624de9bc1bd6e4e67554cc73fc807.pdf; https://doaj.org/toc/2008-1847; https://doaj.org/toc/2476-5058

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/c07909a0237f4c3ba0c28c49e65f09f5

المؤلفون: Mohammad-Javad Jafari, Narmin Hassanzadeh-Rangi, Yahya Khosravi, Soheila Khodakarim

المصدر: بهداشت و ایمنی کار, Vol 8, Iss 4, Pp 333-344 (2018)

مصطلحات موضوعية: mental workload, heart rate, driving, subway, Environmental pollution, TD172-193.5

الوصف: Introduction: Driving a train is one of the high demand job due to high vigilance task requiring the ability to long periods monitor surrounding environment and recognizing signals. The aim of this study was to assess train drivers’ mental workload using heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) indices. Material and Method: An experimental design was conducted among 12 well-trained subjects to induce two different levels of mental demands in a metro simulator and to monitor mental workload levels while driving the train. The HR and HRV parameters were recorded and analysis using ECG signals. Result: The HRV parameters including SDNNIX (p-value=0.01), RMSSD (p-value=0.00), %PNN50 (p-value=0.01), SDNN (p-value=0.07) and LF/HF Ratio (p-value=0.04) were significantly reduced in a normal operation task comparing to the abnormal one. Conclusion: The HR and HRV (SDNN, SDNNIX, RMSSD, %PNN50 and LF/HF Ratio) were found to be sensitive to mental workload in metro train driving .It is recommended to include the HRV parameters for mental workload assessment of train drivers.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: http://jhsw.tums.ac.ir/article-1-5957-en.html; https://doaj.org/toc/2251-807X; https://doaj.org/toc/2383-2088

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/5608770f1516418b92b916d06763aeaf

المؤلفون: Mir Hadi Mirnaghizadeh, Mohammad Hajiazizi

المصدر: پژوهش‌های زیرساخت‌های عمرانی, Vol 3, Iss 2, Pp 25-32 (2018)

مصطلحات موضوعية: excavation, line 2 subway tabriz, application finite element, settlement the crown of the tunnel, the tunnel floor, Structural engineering (General), TA630-695

الوصف: Today, the foundation excavation for the construction of high-rise buildings, basements, parking lots, etc. is required. Because space is limited in urban areas. The aim of this study is to answer this question is that transformation that drilling in the Line 2 subway (Case Study) creates significant or negligible. Tunnel floor deformation and deformation from 62 mm to 113 mm from 16 mm to 58 mm Bore tunnel with the size of the underground drilling of the horizontal distance is variable.Today, the foundation excavation for the construction of high-rise buildings, basements, parking lots, etc. is required. Because space is limited in urban areas. The aim of this study is to answer this question is that transformation that drilling in the Line 2 subway (Case Study) creates significant or negligible. Tunnel floor deformation and deformation from 62 mm to 113 mm from 16 mm to 58 mm Bore tunnel with the size of the underground drilling of the horizontal distance is variable.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://cer.qom.ac.ir/article_1018_dfcc8db0f679352d21344b9b0c8000fc.pdf; https://doaj.org/toc/2783-140X

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/eaa2824d06eb47fab63f0d5d1a10bbd2

المؤلفون: M. Zeynalian, I. Kalantari Dehaghi

المصدر: مهندسی عمران شریف, Vol 33.2, Iss 4.1, Pp 3-12 (2018)

مصطلحات موضوعية: apram, a‌p‌r‌a‌m, m‌a‌c‌h‌i‌n‌e‌r‌y c‌o‌m‌b‌i‌n‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n, machinery combination, s‌u‌b‌w‌a‌y p‌r‌o‌j‌e‌c‌t, subway project, r‌i‌s‌k m‌a‌n‌a‌g‌e‌m‌e‌n‌t, risk management, Building construction, TH1-9745

الوصف: S‌i‌n‌c‌e t‌h‌e p‌r‌o‌p‌e‌r u‌s‌e o‌f c‌o‌n‌s‌t‌r‌u‌c‌t‌i‌o‌n m‌a‌c‌h‌i‌n‌e‌r‌y i‌n i‌n‌f‌r‌a‌s‌t‌r‌u‌c‌t‌u‌r‌e p‌r‌o‌j‌e‌c‌t‌s i‌s s‌o i‌m‌p‌o‌r‌t‌a‌n‌t, i‌t i‌s e‌s‌s‌e‌n‌t‌i‌a‌l t‌o e‌m‌p‌l‌o‌y a‌n o‌p‌t‌i‌m‌u‌m m‌a‌c‌h‌i‌n‌e‌r‌y s‌e‌l‌e‌c‌t‌i‌o‌n i‌n t‌h‌e‌s‌e p‌r‌o‌j‌e‌c‌t‌s, b‌e‌c‌a‌u‌s‌e a s‌u‌c‌c‌e‌s‌s‌f‌u‌l p‌r‌o‌j‌e‌c‌t i‌s u‌s‌u‌a‌l‌l‌y i‌d‌e‌n‌t‌i‌f‌i‌e‌d b‌y i‌t‌s a‌b‌i‌l‌i‌t‌y t‌o b‌e c‌o‌m‌p‌l‌e‌t‌e‌d o‌n t‌i‌m‌e a‌n‌d w‌i‌t‌h‌i‌n b‌u‌d‌g‌e‌t i‌n c‌o‌n‌f‌o‌r‌m‌a‌n‌c‌e w‌i‌t‌h t‌e‌c‌h‌n‌i‌c‌a‌l r‌e‌q‌u‌i‌r‌e‌m‌e‌n‌t‌s. I‌n o‌r‌d‌e‌r t‌o a‌c‌h‌i‌e‌v‌e t‌h‌e‌s‌e o‌b‌j‌e‌c‌t‌i‌v‌e‌s, c‌o‌n‌s‌t‌r‌u‌c‌t‌i‌o‌n m‌a‌n‌a‌g‌e‌r‌s n‌e‌e‌d t‌o b‌e e‌q‌u‌i‌p‌p‌e‌d w‌i‌t‌h e‌f‌f‌i‌c‌i‌e‌n‌t d‌e‌c‌i‌s‌i‌o‌n-s‌u‌p‌p‌o‌r‌t t‌o‌o‌l‌s w‌h‌i‌c‌h c‌a‌n h‌e‌l‌p t‌h‌e‌m t‌o i‌m‌p‌r‌o‌v‌e t‌h‌e d‌i‌s‌t‌r‌i‌b‌u‌t‌i‌o‌n o‌f t‌h‌e a‌l‌l‌o‌c‌a‌t‌e‌d p‌r‌o‌j‌e‌c‌t r‌e‌s‌o‌u‌r‌c‌e‌s c‌o‌n‌s‌i‌d‌e‌r‌i‌n‌g c‌o‌s‌t, t‌i‌m‌e, a‌n‌d q‌u‌a‌l‌i‌t‌y w‌h‌i‌l‌e s‌i‌m‌u‌l‌t‌a‌n‌e‌o‌u‌s‌l‌y m‌i‌n‌i‌m‌i‌z‌i‌n‌g t‌h‌e r‌i‌s‌k‌s o‌f p‌r‌o‌j‌e‌c‌t f‌a‌i‌l‌u‌r‌e. I‌n a‌d‌d‌i‌t‌i‌o‌n, t‌h‌e e‌n‌v‌i‌r‌o‌n‌m‌e‌n‌t‌a‌l r‌i‌s‌k‌s i‌n p‌r‌o‌j‌e‌c‌t‌s' a‌n‌a‌l‌y‌s‌i‌s m‌a‌y p‌l‌a‌y a‌n i‌m‌p‌o‌r‌t‌a‌n‌t r‌o‌l‌e. C‌o‌m‌p‌l‌i‌c‌a‌t‌e‌d a‌s t‌h‌i‌s i‌s, b‌a‌l‌a‌n‌c‌i‌n‌g r‌e‌s‌o‌u‌r‌c‌e a‌l‌l‌o‌c‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n‌s a‌n‌d t‌h‌e r‌i‌s‌k o‌f p‌r‌o‌j‌e‌c‌t f‌a‌i‌l‌u‌r‌e b‌e‌c‌o‌m‌e‌s e‌v‌e‌n m‌o‌r‌e c‌o‌m‌p‌l‌i‌c‌a‌t‌e‌d a‌s t‌h‌e p‌r‌o‌j‌e‌c‌t's r‌e‌s‌o‌u‌r‌c‌e‌s b‌e‌c‌o‌m‌e m‌o‌r‌e c‌o‌n‌s‌t‌r‌a‌i‌n‌e‌d. A‌d‌v‌a‌n‌c‌e‌d P‌r‌o‌g‌r‌a‌m‌m‌a‌t‌i‌c R‌i‌s‌k A‌n‌a‌l‌y‌s‌i‌s a‌n‌d M‌a‌n‌a‌g‌e‌m‌e‌n‌t M‌o‌d‌e‌l (A‌P‌R‌A‌M) i‌s o‌n‌e o‌f t‌h‌e r‌e‌c‌e‌n‌t‌l‌y d‌e‌v‌e‌l‌o‌p‌e‌d m‌e‌t‌h‌o‌d‌s w‌h‌i‌c‌h c‌a‌n b‌e u‌s‌e‌d f‌o‌r r‌i‌s‌k a‌n‌a‌l‌y‌s‌i‌s a‌n‌d m‌a‌n‌a‌g‌e‌m‌e‌n‌t p‌u‌r‌p‌o‌s‌e‌s c‌o‌n‌s‌i‌d‌e‌r‌i‌n‌g s‌c‌h‌e‌d‌u‌l‌e, c‌o‌s‌t a‌n‌d q‌u‌a‌l‌i‌t‌y r‌i‌s‌k‌s s‌i‌m‌u‌l‌t‌a‌n‌e‌o‌u‌s‌l‌y. I‌n t‌h‌i‌s p‌a‌p‌e‌r, f‌i‌r‌s‌t t‌h‌e A‌P‌R‌A‌M m‌e‌t‌h‌o‌d i‌s m‌o‌d‌i‌f‌i‌e‌d i‌n o‌r‌d‌e‌r t‌o c‌o‌n‌s‌i‌d‌e‌r t‌h‌e e‌n‌v‌i‌r‌o‌n‌m‌e‌n‌t‌a‌l r‌i‌s‌k‌s. T‌h‌i‌s m‌e‌t‌h‌o‌d c‌a‌n c‌o‌n‌s‌i‌d‌e‌r p‌o‌t‌e‌n‌t‌i‌a‌l r‌i‌s‌k‌s t‌h‌a‌t m‌i‌g‌h‌t o‌c‌c‌u‌r o‌v‌e‌r t‌h‌e e‌n‌t‌i‌r‌e l‌i‌f‌e c‌y‌c‌l‌e o‌f t‌h‌e p‌r‌o‌j‌e‌c‌t, i‌n‌c‌l‌u‌d‌i‌n‌g t‌e‌c‌h‌n‌i‌c‌a‌l a‌n‌d m‌a‌n‌a‌g‌e‌r‌i‌a‌l f‌a‌i‌l‌u‌r‌e r‌i‌s‌k‌s. T‌h‌e‌r‌e‌f‌o‌r‌e, t‌h‌e m‌o‌d‌e‌l c‌a‌n b‌e u‌s‌e‌d a‌s a‌n e‌f‌f‌i‌c‌i‌e‌n‌t d‌e‌c‌i‌s‌i‌o‌n-s‌u‌p‌p‌o‌r‌t t‌o‌o‌l f‌o‌r c‌o‌n‌s‌t‌r‌u‌c‌t‌i‌o‌n m‌a‌n‌a‌g‌e‌r‌s i‌n m‌a‌c‌h‌i‌n‌e‌r‌y s‌e‌l‌e‌c‌t‌i‌o‌n i‌n i‌n‌f‌r‌a‌s‌t‌r‌u‌c‌t‌u‌r‌e p‌r‌o‌j‌e‌c‌t w‌h‌e‌r‌e v‌a‌r‌i‌o‌u‌s a‌l‌t‌e‌r‌n‌a‌t‌i‌v‌e‌s m‌i‌g‌h‌t b‌e a‌v‌a‌i‌l‌a‌b‌l‌e, t‌e‌c‌h‌n‌i‌c‌a‌l‌l‌y. T‌h‌r‌e‌e p‌o‌s‌s‌i‌b‌l‌e c‌o‌m‌b‌i‌n‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n‌s o‌f e‌x‌c‌a‌v‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n m‌a‌c‌h‌i‌n‌e‌s w‌h‌i‌c‌h a‌r‌e u‌s‌u‌a‌l‌l‌y u‌s‌e‌d i‌n s‌u‌b‌w‌a‌y p‌r‌o‌j‌e‌c‌t‌s a‌r‌e t‌a‌k‌e‌n i‌n‌t‌o a‌c‌c‌o‌u‌n‌t. A‌l‌l p‌r‌o‌j‌e‌c‌t‌s' r‌i‌s‌k‌s r‌e‌l‌a‌t‌e‌d t‌o c‌o‌s‌t, t‌i‌m‌e, a‌n‌d e‌n‌v‌i‌r‌o‌n‌m‌e‌n‌t a‌r‌e i‌d‌e‌n‌t‌i‌f‌i‌e‌d c‌o‌n‌s‌i‌d‌e‌r‌i‌n‌g t‌h‌e c‌a‌p‌i‌t‌a‌l c‌o‌s‌t‌s w‌h‌i‌c‌h s‌h‌o‌u‌l‌d b‌e s‌p‌e‌n‌t o‌n e‌a‌c‌h c‌o‌m‌b‌i‌n‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n. D‌e‌l‌p‌h‌i m‌e‌t‌h‌o‌d w‌a‌s a‌p‌p‌l‌i‌e‌d i‌n o‌r‌d‌e‌r t‌o f‌i‌g‌u‌r‌e o‌u‌t t‌h‌e f‌a‌i‌l‌u‌r‌e e‌v‌e‌n‌t‌s a‌n‌d t‌h‌e‌i‌r a‌s‌s‌o‌c‌i‌a‌t‌e‌d p‌r‌o‌b‌a‌b‌i‌l‌i‌t‌i‌e‌s. F‌i‌n‌a‌l‌l‌y, s‌o‌m‌e g‌r‌a‌p‌h‌s w‌h‌i‌c‌h c‌a‌n b‌e u‌s‌e‌d f‌o‌r o‌p‌t‌i‌m‌i‌z‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n o‌f c‌o‌m‌b‌i‌n‌e‌d e‌x‌c‌a‌v‌a‌t‌i‌n‌g m‌a‌c‌h‌i‌n‌e‌r‌y a‌r‌e p‌r‌e‌s‌e‌n‌t‌e‌d. T‌h‌e r‌e‌s‌u‌l‌t‌s s‌h‌o‌w t‌h‌a‌t i‌t c‌a‌n b‌e e‌m‌p‌l‌o‌y‌e‌d e‌f‌f‌i‌c‌i‌e‌n‌t‌l‌y b‌y c‌o‌n‌s‌t‌r‌u‌c‌t‌i‌o‌n m‌a‌n‌a‌g‌e‌r‌s.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://sjce.journals.sharif.edu/article_1260_656b0f15f8d9a8aef0699aa5facc20cd.pdf; https://doaj.org/toc/2676-4768; https://doaj.org/toc/2676-4776

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/aca9a559dca6406bab81e6a3433b6f40

Alternate Title: Optimizing passenger waiting time in the intersection stations of Tehran subway: The case of subway line 4. (English)

المؤلفون: سید حسیي رض یَ حبž, ی سَف هحودی, ضید سبدات بّضوی

المصدر: Production & Operations Management (2251-6409); Spring2020, Vol. 11 Issue 1, Preceding p24-43, 22p

مصطلحات موضوعية: URBAN transportation, CITY dwellers, PUBLIC transit, SUBWAY stations, SOCIAL impact

مصطلحات جغرافية: TEHRAN (Iran), IRAN

مستخلص: Purpose: Regarding urban population growth and importance of time and cost in the societies of today, subway systems have faced with demand increase and passengers waiting time have prolonged. In urban transportation systems especially in subways, the passengers waiting time influences the society satisfaction deeply. Since the emersion of rail network, time and scheduling as important challenges have been emerged. Then the periodic train planning as one of the best solutions was introduced to decrease passenger waiting time, reduce travel length, and increase transportation safety. This challenge should be solved by subway managers. Due to the limited number of trains and equipment on subway lines and increase of their cost-effectiveness in reducing passenger waiting times at intersections, an attempt has been made in this paper to reduce waiting time using optimization models that often do not impose costs on the system. In addition, another aim of this paper is to fill the existing research gap in this area. Design/methodology/approach: This paper aims to calculate the weights of intersections stations in order to minimize the passenger waiting time through goal programming (Khalili Damghani et al. 2015; Mosadeghi et al. 2010). Many studies have been done on train scheduling and transportation mathematical modelling all around the world (Moghaddam and Mahlooji, 2017; Sadeghieh and Dehnavi-Arani, 2019). The aim of this paper is to minimize the deviation from desirable situation through goal programming. The main function of the proposed model is formulated again along with new construction, auxiliary variables and optimum values. It consists of variables with the concept of “deviation of desirable situation”. In this paper, both of the deviations of desirable situations are shown by dip and din which are undesired and should be minimized to achieve the optimum value. For this purpose, the fourth line of Tehran subway system and its intersections sections are considered as the real world problem. Findings: The model is solved by Lingo and optimum values are calculated. The model is developed based on goal programming and it can reduce the passenger waiting time and satisfaction which results in increased acceptance of public transportation in society. These findings are compared with current values of time tables for first and last movements. Findings indicated that the proposed model can reduce the passenger current waiting time by 42%. Research limitations/implications: In this paper, the accurate amount of passenger population was determined in a day based on lines, separately. Also, it was difficult to collect study data from the Tehran subway system organization. The proposed approach resulted in reduced passenger waiting time. Suggestions for further study include examining and analyzing the factors causing train delay and comparing the results of each single line with another; using simulation method to develop an optimization model for time tabling of train movement in order to optimize energy consumption; calculating and optimizing the number of subway station staff; and optimizing models to design the subway station network. Practical implications: As Tehran public transportation system is extending to cover more urban regions, the intersection stations will increase. Therefore, the role of these stations will be more tangible. Each intersection station scheduling affects the train movements in other stations and this continues throughout the length of the network. It means that each delay and pause will influence the other intersections, increasingly. The subway system managers can employ this model on other lines and reduce the waiting time of passengers in the whole Tehran subway. Social implications: As mentioned earlier, the waiting time of passengers in different stations, especially in intersections, is an important factor in using subway system as an effective public transportation system. It will increase or decrease the rate of subway usage. More public transportation usage leads to less air pollution, less traffic and faster travels in the city, which are all desirable for society. Originality/value: In this paper, a goal programming model was proposed to minimize the deviations in the objective function and subsequently, the passenger waiting time in intersection stations. As the intersection stations are increased, the role of the proposed method can be considered as a solution for public transportation in different cities of Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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