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1دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: V. M. Shestopalov, N. G. Lyuta
المصدر: Мінеральні ресурси України, Iss 1, Pp 41-49 (2024)
مصطلحات موضوعية: groundwater, domestic drinking water supply, optimal balance of surface and groundwater in drinking water supply, Geology, QE1-996.5
الوصف: The Law of Ukraine “On Drinking Water, Drinking Water Supply and Sewage” contains a norm regarding “observance of an optimal balance of surface and groundwater use for drinking water supply”, although it is not defined exactly what this balance should be. At the same time, the share of groundwater in the drinking water supply of the population in Ukraine as a whole is only about 20%, and in recent decades there has been a steady tendency to reduce groundwater extraction. In European countries the share of groundwater in water supply differs significantly, but predominantly it is 65%. The share of groundwater in countries that are close to Ukraine territorially and historically is approximately the same or bigger. The territory of Ukraine is marked by complex and heterogeneous natural and anthropogenic conditions that determine the groundwater resources formation. Therefore, the optimal ratio of surface and groundwater should be determined for each administrative region. The article analyzes the provision of Ukrainian regions with forecast resources and operational reserves of groundwater, the state of their development, the ratio of surface and groundwater shares in water supply and water quality condition of groundwater deposits. A methodological approach to determining the optimal ratio of surface and groundwater in the economic and drinking water supply, taking into account the amount of groundwater, the uniformity of resource distribution and their quality characteristics, is proposed. The total percentage of groundwater in potable water supply of population in 2022 was about 23-25%. This minor part of groundwater is mainly due to the scarce groundwater extraction in the anthropogenically loaded southern regions of the country. An analysis of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of groundwater shows that it is possible to significantly increase groundwater production even in these regions. Ukraine has considerable resources to increase groundwater production and increase its share in the population's drinking water supply. Using the already existing explored groundwater reserves of good quality can increase this share and reach a ratio of at least 50/50 in the coming years. This will have an undoubtedly positive impact on public health and will bring water sources as close as possible to consumers and ensure uninterrupted water supply in times of war.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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2دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Borisov, I. O., Gevod, V. S., Kovalenko, I. L.
المصدر: Issues of Chemistry & Chemical Technology / Voprosy Khimii & Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii; Dec2023, Issue 6, p25-36, 12p
مصطلحات موضوعية: WATER hardness, DISSOLVED air flotation (Water purification), ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide, WATER purification, CALCIUM ions, WATER supply, CALCIUM channels, HYDROGEN plasmas
مستخلص: The equilibrium states and kinetics of changes in the concentrations of carbonate system components in water with different calcium hardness are analyzed and the possibility of reducing this indicator by an environmentally friendly method, aeration, is evaluated. Changes in the concentrations of dissolved carbon dioxide, calcium ions, hydrogen ions (pH), bicarbonate and carbonate ions in water depending on the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in soil and atmospheric air and the kinetics of reducing the bicarbonate-calcium hardness of water during its natural and forced aeration were traced. It is shown that water purification by a stream of atmospheric air microbubbles with an average radius of 50 µm and a flow rate of 10 l/min can reduce the hydrogen carbonate-calcium hardness from 8 mg-eq/l to 1 mg-eq/l in 100 liters of water in 20 minutes. In the paradigm of «green chemistry», this method is more rational, environmentally friendly, and economical than ion exchange or reverse osmosis, which are currently practiced to reduce hardness in decentralized water supply systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
: Copyright of Issues of Chemistry & Chemical Technology / Voprosy Khimii & Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii is the property of Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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3دورية أكاديمية
عنوان ترانسليتريتد: INTEGRAL'NA OTsINKA IaKOSTI VOD RIChKY DNIPRO Z VYZNAChENNIaM RADIATsIĬNOÏ AKTYVNOSTI U MISTsIaKh PYTNYKh VODOZABORIV TA PYTNYKh VODOPROVIDNYKh STANTsIĬ.
المؤلفون: Antomonov MY; State Institution «O. M. Marzeyev Institute of Public Health of the National Academy of Medicals Sciences of Ukraine», 50 Popudrenka St., Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine., Zorina OV; State Institution «O. M. Marzeyev Institute of Public Health of the National Academy of Medicals Sciences of Ukraine», 50 Popudrenka St., Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine.
المصدر: Problemy radiatsiinoi medytsyny ta radiobiolohii [Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol] 2018 Dec; Vol. 23, pp. 82-95.
نوع المنشور: Journal Article
بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Naukovyĭ t︠s︡entr radiat︠s︡iĭnoï medyt︠s︡yny AMN Ukraïny Country of Publication: Ukraine NLM ID: 101560511 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 2304-8336 (Print) Linking ISSN: 23048336 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol Subsets: MEDLINE
مواضيع طبية MeSH: Water Quality*, Drinking Water/*analysis , Rivers/*chemistry , Water Pollution, Radioactive/*analysis , Water Purification/*methods, Drinking Water/chemistry ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Environmental Monitoring/statistics & numerical data ; Filtration/instrumentation ; Filtration/methods ; Humans ; Seasons ; Ukraine ; Water Purification/instrumentation ; Water Supply/methods
مستخلص: Objective: To develop an methodology for integral estimation of natural and potable water and to conduct relevant estimation of the Dnipro River water including radiation indexes at locations of potable water intake and potable water supply stations.
Materials and Methods: Materials of Cherkasyvodokanal ME, Dniprovodokanal ME, Vodokanal ME, Berdyansk-vodokanal ME, and Oblvodokanal ME were analyzed. Along the period of 3 years (2015-2017), 468 water samplesfrom 7 water supply stations which use the Dnipro River water for intake were examined, upon 25 sanitary-chemical and 2 radiation (α activity and β activity) parameters. When carrying out the research, the following methods were used: bibliographic, sanitary-chemical, experts' and integral estimations.
Results: In order to carry out integral estimation of the quality of intake and potable water of water supply stations, for the first time the method of hierarchic folding of variables in the method of hierarchy analysis of T. Saati was used, by way of stage-by-stage expert comparison of different groups of parameters and of parameters in groups.Herewith, the groups of parameters were classified according to requirements of State Sanitary Rules and Standards (DSanPiN) 2.2.4-171-10 «Hygienic Requirements to Potable Water Intended for Consumption by Humans» asorganoleptic, integral, physical-chemical with organoleptic and general sanitary, as well as sanitary-toxicological characteristics of health hazards. Weight coefficients for parameters of quality of water are calculated as the superposition of expert weights for each group with taking into account relative estimations of significance for a complex parameter of groups between each other. It was educed that the average complex parameter for all stations in intake water in spring, in summer, and in autumn is statistically (p < 0.001) greater than in winter, and after treatment it doesn't vary along seasons of the year. If complex parameters for water from all stations are compared, their minimum values were for water of Cherkasyvodokanal ME (0.177 ± 0.005 and 0.167 ± 0.005 - of intake and potable water respectively) and Kaydatska Pumping and Filtration Station of Dniprovodokanal ME (0.156 ± 0.006 of intake water). Maximum values were detected in intake water of Blocks No. 1 and No. 2 of DWSS-1 of the town of Zaporizhzhia (0.267 ± 0.008 for each) and of Oblvodokanal ME (0.273 ± 0.004); of potable: DWSS-1 of the town of Zaporizhzhia (0.260 ± 0.008 and 0.265 ± 0.008 respectively) and Berdyanskvodokanal ME (0.282 ± 0.009). At several stations, after treatment, the increase of the value of the complex parameter was observed, and at other, the decrease or the stability of that value was observed.
Conclusions: 1. An methodology for assessing the quality of natural and drinking water including radiation indexes is developed, which will allow processing of large massifs of indicators through their step-by-step expert comparison with a significant simplification of the work of experts and without losing the accuracy of the evaluation results. 2. The integral estimation of the ecological state of water of the Dnipro River at places of potable water intakes allowed to determine that the complex parameter of the quality of above mentioned water has a minimum value in winter, and after treatment at water supply stations the parameter is stable along the year. The dynamics of changes in the integral parameter by years (2015-2017) was educed, and along the river bed. Minimum values of complex parameters of quality of intake water was detected for the following stations: Cherkasyvodokanal ME and Kaydatska Pumping and Filtration Station of Dniprovodokanal ME, and maximum values were detected at Blocks No. 1 and No. 2 of DWSS-1 of the town of Zaporizhzhia and at Oblvodokanal ME. It was confirmed that with the purpose of carrying out efficient state monitoring of the quality of natural and potable water in the spatial-temporal aspect, it is expedient to use the method of integral estimation.
(M. Yu. Antomonov, O. V. Zorina.) -
4دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: I. V. Sanina, N. G. Lyuta
المصدر: Мінеральні ресурси України, Iss 2, Pp 50-55 (2023)
مصطلحات موضوعية: kakhovka hpp, flooding, groundwater, operating reserves, water supply, ecological and technological sustainability, Geology, QE1-996.5
الوصف: The explosion destruction of the Kakhovka hydropower plant on June 6, 2023 led to water ecological disaster: flooding of large areas, loss of life, loss of unique ecosystems, pollution and enormous damage. The UN estimates that 700 000 people do not have adequate access to drinking water. The water supply system that uses surface water is imperfect under critical conditions and is the first to collapse. It is therefore the policy of the state to introduce a system of groundwater supply to the population. This article discusses the availability of forecasted resources and operational groundwater reserves in the region and their development. Dnipropetrovska, Zaporizka, Mykolaivska, and Khersonska regions have a reserve of operational reserves of drinking groundwater. The total amount of forecasted resources on the territory of these four administrative regions is 8055,7 thousand m³/day, of which the balance operational reserves of drinking and industrial groundwater in 141 sites in the amount of 1871,825 thousand m³/day in the sum of categories A + B + C₁ and 183,123 thousand m³/d in category C₂ have been explored and registered. This indicates the possibility of expanding water supply through environmentally protected, already explored groundwater sources. Khersonska region has suffered the greatest losses as a result of flooding. The development of operating groundwater reserves in Khersonska region at the moment is only 11,12%. The complicated hydrochemical situation of the underground hydrosphere in the southern and eastern regions of Ukraine necessitates the introduction of modern methods of water treatment to bring groundwater to a state suitable for drinking, along with the expansion of groundwater consumption to meet economic and drinking needs of the population. As the experience of other countries shows, effective solution of this problem requires state intervention at the level of development, implementation and financing of relevant state programmes.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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5دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: A. A. Lisnyak, M. I. Kulyuk
المصدر: Вісник Харківського національного університету імені В.Н. Каразіна: Серія Екологія, Iss 27, Pp 20-31 (2022)
مصطلحات موضوعية: water supply, spring water, drinking water quality, pollution, hydrogen index, Ecology, QH540-549.5
الوصف: Improving the reliability and quality of the population's drinking water supply is one of the primary social problems, since the health of the population largely depends on the level of safety of drinking water. Purpose. To determine the composition of spring drinking water consumed by residents of different districts of the city of Kharkiv and to compare the assessment of the quality of drinking water from different natural sources. Methods. Field, laboratory-analytical, statistical. Results. Water samples from 5 natural springs in the city of Kharkiv, from which the population collects water for drinking purposes, were studied. It was determined that according to the organoleptic indicators, no excesses of the normative values are observed, the pH almost does not change seasonally, with the exception of the sample from the "Nemyshlianske" source. The analysis of total alkalinity in the autumn period showed that the standard was exceeded only in samples of the source of the Yunist park and along the street. Klochkivska, and in the spring period - only in the sample of the source on the street. Klochkivska. The total hardness in the samples ranges from 4.9 to 8.04 mmol/dm3 in the autumn period, and from 6.6 to 10.4 mmol/dm3 in the spring period. Excesses in chloride content are not observed in any of the investigated water samples. The iron content exceeds the MPC level only in water samples from the Nemyshlianske spring. The content of aluminum, zinc, cadmium, copper, lead, ammonia and nitrites in the samples is significantly below the MPC level, and almost does not change by season. Conclusions. The formation of the general quality class of water samples from natural sources is significantly influenced by the high level of total alkalinity, total hardness, and iron content in some sources of non-centralized water supply. According to the integral ecological index of water samples in the autumn period from natural sources "Nemyshlyanske", Park "Yunist" and along the street. Klochkivska belongs to the II quality class, i.e. pure water. The integrated ecological index for all other water samples in the autumn period assigns these sources to the I class of water quality - very clean. The calculation of the integral ecological index for water samples from all natural sources in the spring period refers them to the II quality class.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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6دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: M. B. Khalturyn
المصدر: Біологія тварин, Vol 24, Iss 3, Pp 22-26 (2022)
مصطلحات موضوعية: морфобіологія, щука, джерела водозабезпечення, morphobiology, pike, sources of water supply, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
الوصف: The purpose of the work was to conduct a morphobiological analysis of common pike (Esox lucius L.) from two reservoirs similar in their parameters and conditions, and to determine the difference between the populations of these species due to various anthropogenic factors. The pike from the Sumy region has a more slender body, as it is indicated by displaced dorsal (5.76) and anal fins (9.19), a larger body width (2.47) and an enlarged tail stem (9.62), a more elongated head with a snout and upper jaw (6.10, 11.37, 4.9, respectively). Such signs may indicate that the pike hunts for prey that has the maximum size according to a specimen. The indicators of the pike from the Kyiv region are somewhat different and indicate that the predator makes very rapid and fairly long-distance attacks on prey, despite obstacles such as macrophytes and other aquatic vegetation, which can be evidenced by a larger width of the forehead (13.32), head height (4.16) and head height at the nape of the neck (3.56). Also, big eyes (4.91) and an enlarged lower jaw (9.89) can indicate speed and big jerks. Based on biological indicators, we can conclude that the pike from Sumy region is more fattened, which is confirmed by measurements and coefficients of its fatness. Therefore, it is fleshier, which, first of all, affects the quality of the fish as a commodity. As for the pike from the Kyiv region, it is somewhat smaller with lower fatness coefficients, which may indicate greater expenditure of energy for obtaining food. This costliness, in our opinion, is related to competition from two more predatory fish species — perch and zander, which are common in the reservoir, and possibly to the size of the reservoir itself, which is four times larger. We consider it expedient to diversify the ichthyofauna of the reservoir in the Paryshkiv village, in particular peaceful species of fish, in order to remove or reduce the trophic competition of predators.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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7دورية أكاديمية
Alternate Title: Development and prospects of the implementation of multifunctional solar systems. (English)
المؤلفون: Косой, Б. В., Бошков, Л. З., Халак, В. Ф.
المصدر: Refrigeration Engineering & Technology; 2023, Vol. 59 Issue 2, p88-96, 9p
مصطلحات موضوعية: HOT-water supply, SOLAR collectors, POWER resources, SOLAR power plants, AIR conditioning, ENERGY consumption, SOLAR heating
مستخلص: The development of multifunctional solar systems, which directly include PV/T systems and systems of heating, cooling and air conditioning, their implementation into domestic production will contribute to the reduction of reliance on non-renewable fuel and energy resources, the creation of new industries and jobs. The state of development of solar cogeneration PV/T systems, the possibility of distribution in the residential sector, and the readiness of owners of communal households to modernize heating and power supply systems are considered. It is noted that the cogeneration of electricity, refrigeration and heat, providing full autonomy of solar systems, are able to solve the main tasks of life support: hot water supply, cooling of environments and air conditioning, as well as air drying for use in various technological production processes. Data on the prospects of joint use of solar air collectors with heating and ventilation systems are provided. The current state of practical application of PV/T-collectors is considered. The reasons that hinder the rapid spread of PV/T systems are noted and the efficiency of collectors of different designs is compared. The structural and functional features of the operation of the cogeneration solar power plant and the evaluation of its efficiency in relation to the economy of nonrenewable sources are presented. An assessment of the market potential of PV/T collectors is presented. It is emphasized that since consumers use the largest amount of energy for heating, the PV/T solar collector is an alternative promising system for applications of low potential energy in residential, industrial and commercial buildings. The concept of creating a new generation of multifunctional solar systems based on the heat-using absorption cycle of the open type has been developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
: Copyright of Refrigeration Engineering & Technology is the property of Odesa National University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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8دورية أكاديمية
Alternate Title: PROVIDING QUALITY DRINKING WATER TO THE RURAL POPULATION IN THE CONTEXT OF ACHIEVING THE GOALS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. (English)
المؤلفون: БОГОЛЮБОВ, В. М., КЛЕПКО, А. В., БОНДАРЬ, В. І., НАУМОВСЬКА, О. І.
المصدر: Scientific Journal 'Biological Systems: Theory & Innovation / Bìologìčnì Sistemi: Teorìâ Ta Ìnnovacìï; 2023, Vol. 14 Issue 1/2, p53-60, 8p
مصطلحات موضوعية: BIOINDICATORS, WATER supply, SUSTAINABLE development, DRAINAGE
مستخلص: The issue of safety and quality of drinking water is relevant at the level of each administrative unit and the state as a whole. The ecological state of surface waters and the quality indicators of the water in them are decisive factors for the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population. There is an urgent need to improve drinking water preparation and supply technologies. The important problems that need to be solved include: the unsatisfactory emergency state of water supply networks, the lack of experts in their technical maintenance; contamination of wells and untimely implementation of preventive measures by the owners. The sixth goal of sustainable development of Ukraine "Clean water and proper sanitary conditions" declares that every resident of our country should have access to safe drinking water. Water quality should be improved by minimizing pollution, reducing untreated discharges, and increasing levels of safe reuse of water resources. Drinking water must be safe in terms of epidemics and radiation. The article defines and substantiates the indicators that should be used to develop an assessment of the transition of rural communities to sustainable development. The authors identified the main problems associated with the evaluation of such processes and outlined the tasks of further scientific research in this direction. Theoretical and analytical research methods are used in the work. An analysis of the results of monitoring studies on the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals in 2021 was performed. Priority indicators and approaches for evaluating the processes of the transition of rural communities to sustainable development using statistical data are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
: Copyright of Scientific Journal 'Biological Systems: Theory & Innovation / Bìologìčnì Sistemi: Teorìâ Ta Ìnnovacìï is the property of National University of Life & Environmental Sciences of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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9دورية أكاديمية
Alternate Title: STUDY OF THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF ELECTRO-MECHANICAL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM OF A MULTI-STOREY BUILDING WITH TWO-LEVEL RISERS. (English)
المؤلفون: Попович, О. М., Яшин, Р. В.
المصدر: Technical Electrodynamics / Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika; Jan/Feb2023, Issue 1, p42-50, 9p
مصطلحات موضوعية: WATER supply, INDUSTRIALIZED building, POTENTIAL energy, CONSUMERS, MATHEMATICAL models
مستخلص: The influence of the structure of the electromechanical water supply system of a multi - storey building on its energy efficiency is investigated. A quantitative estimate of the reduction in the efficiency of the system compared to the supply of water to the top floor, depending on the number of floors. A complex mathematical model of the system with one and two risers (asynchronous motor - pump - branched hydraulic network) with determination of parameters of operating modes taking into account the mutual influence of system components is developed. The value of the system efficiency criterion as the ratio of the potential energy of water at the consumer to the consumed energy is substantiated and quantified. The electromechanical water supply system of a multi-storey building with two levels of risers consumes 30% less energy than the system with a single riser, due to the reduction of the amount of excess pressure in consumers of lower floors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
: Copyright of Technical Electrodynamics / Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika is the property of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Electrodynamics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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10دورية أكاديمية
المصدر: Наукові горизонти, Vol 24, Iss 5, Pp 19-34 (2021)
مصطلحات موضوعية: water supply, water supply system, electric pump station drives, mathematical models of electric drive, pumps, Agriculture
الوصف: The water supply of the pumping station must meet the needs of the consumer which change during the day. Therefore, its performance needs to be adjusted. Any deviation of the pump unit’s performance from the nominal value leads to additional energy costs. Under such conditions, great importance is paid to optimising the operation of electric drives of the water supply pumping station. To regulate the performance of a pumping station, it is often resorted to changing the number of operating pumping units, the engines of which are started directly from the electrical network. Medium-and high-power engines are subject to technical restrictions for a direct start, which are supplemented by the need to maintain pauses between starts. Therefore, when ensuring the desired value of pumping station performance, it is very important to consider the features of starting pump engines. Control systems are widely used in the field of electric drive and water supply. It is in these areas that the efficiency of the control system depends on the amount of electricity that will be consumed by the technological process or the reliability of its operation. It is known that pumps account for about half of all energy produced. Therefore, the issue of effective control systems is particularly relevant in the field of water supply. The purpose of this study is to increase the reliability and efficiency of the water supply system by considering the distribution properties of the pipeline network when controlling electric pump drives, which will allow coordinating the operation of the pumping station, the pipeline network, and the consumer. To achieve this purpose, the study was conducted to assess the impact of the distribution and length of the pipeline network. The system of water supply and distribution is analysed, what criteria affect the correct performance of work and what problems may arise during operation for a long period of time are investigated. Ways to optimise the operation of pumping stations to increase their energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness of installations are investigated. The main reasons for the expediency of using an adjustable electric drive to control pumping units are considered
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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