المؤلفون: Fitzmaurice C; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle.; Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle., Abate D; Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia., Abbasi N; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran., Abbastabar H; Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Abd-Allah F; Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt., Abdel-Rahman O; Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.; Department of Oncology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt., Abdelalim A; Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt., Abdoli A; Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.; Research Center for Non-communicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran., Abdollahpour I; Department of Epidemiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.; Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran, Iran., Abdulle ASM; Public Health Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates., Abebe ND; School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Department of Public Health, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia., Abraha HN; Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia., Abu-Raddad LJ; Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar., Abualhasan A; Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt., Adedeji IA; Department of Sociology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye, Nigeria., Advani SM; Social Behavioral Research Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.; Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown University, Washington, DC., Afarideh M; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Afshari M; Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran., Aghaali M; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran., Agius D; Department of Health, Directorate for Health Information and Research, Pieta, Malta., Agrawal S; Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India.; Vital Strategies, Gurugram, India., Ahmadi A; Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Ahmadian E; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Ahmadpour E; Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Ahmed MB; Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia., Akbari ME; Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Akinyemiju T; Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina., Al-Aly Z; John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri.; Clinical Epidemiology Center, VA Saint Louis Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, St Louis, Missouri., AlAbdulKader AM; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.; Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio., Alahdab F; Evidence-Based Practice Research Center, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, Minnesota., Alam T; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle., Alamene GM; School of Health Sciences, Madda Walabu University, Bale Goba, Ethiopia., Alemnew BTT; Department of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Alene KA; Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.; Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capitol Territory, Australia., Alinia C; Department of Health Care Management and Economics, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran., Alipour V; Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Department of Health Economics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Aljunid SM; Department of Health Policy and Management, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait.; International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, National University of Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia., Bakeshei FA; Department of Social Medicine, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran., Almadi MAH; Department of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada., Almasi-Hashiani A; Department of Epidemiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Alsharif U; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Germany., Alsowaidi S; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates., Alvis-Guzman N; Research Group in Health Economics, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.; Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia., Amini E; Department of Urology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Amini S; Department of Health Services Management, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Amoako YA; Department of Internal Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana., Anbari Z; Department of Health Services Management, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Anber NH; Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt., Andrei CL; Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania., Anjomshoa M; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran., Ansari F; Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Ansariadi A; School of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia., Appiah SCY; Department of Sociology and Social Work, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.; Center for International Health, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany., Arab-Zozani M; Department of Healthcare Management, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Arabloo J; Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Arefi Z; Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Aremu O; School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom., Areri HA; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Artaman A; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada., Asayesh H; Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran., Asfaw ET; Institute of Biomedical Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia., Ashagre AF; Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia., Assadi R; Education Development Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran., Ataeinia B; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Atalay HT; College of Nursing, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia., Ataro Z; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia., Atique S; University Institute of Public Health, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.; College ofPublic Health, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia., Ausloos M; School of Business, University of Leicester, Leicester, England, United Kingdom., Avila-Burgos L; Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico., Avokpaho EFGA; Bénin Clinical Research Institute, Abomey-Calavi, Benin.; Contrôle des Maladies Infectieuses, Laboratory of Studies and Research-Action in Health, Porto Novo, Benin., Awasthi A; Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India.; Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India., Awoke N; Department of Nursing, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia., Ayala Quintanilla BP; The Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; General Office for Research and Technological Transfer, Peruvian National Institute of Health, Lima, Peru., Ayanore MA; Department of Family and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana., Ayele HT; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.; Public Health Department, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia., Babaee E; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Bacha U; School of Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan., Badawi A; Public Health Risk Sciences Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Bagherzadeh M; Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran., Bagli E; Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.; Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology, Ioannina, Greece., Balakrishnan S; Department of Medical Microbiology, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia., Balouchi A; School of Nursing and Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Bärnighausen TW; Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.; Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts., Battista RJ; Doctor Evidence, Santa Monica, California., Behzadifar M; Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran., Behzadifar M; Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran., Bekele BB; Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.; Public Health Department, Mizan-Tepi University, Teppi, Ethiopia., Belay YB; Department of Pharmacoepidemiology and Social Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.; AC Environments Foundation, Cuernavaca, Mexico., Belayneh YM; Department of Pharmacy, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia., Berfield KKS; Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle., Berhane A; School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Bernabe E; Dental Institute, King's College London, London, England, United Kingdom., Beuran M; Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania., Bhakta N; Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee., Bhattacharyya K; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India., Biadgo B; Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia., Bijani A; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran., Bin Sayeed MS; National Centre for Epidemiology & Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Dhaka, Ramna, Bangladesh., Birungi C; The UCL Centre for Global Health Economics, University College London, London, England, United Kingdom.; Fast-Track Implementation Department, United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Gaborone, Botswana., Bisignano C; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle., Bitew H; School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia., Bjørge T; Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.; Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway., Bleyer A; Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland.; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas, Houston., Bogale KA; Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia., Bojia HA; School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia., Borzì AM; Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy., Bosetti C; Department of Oncology, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy., Bou-Orm IR; Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon., Brenner H; Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany., Brewer JD; Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota., Briko AN; Biomedical Technologies, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia., Briko NI; Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia., Bustamante-Teixeira MT; Public Health Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil., Butt ZA; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.; Al Shifa School of Public Health, Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan., Carreras G; Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, Florence, Italy., Carrero JJ; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden., Carvalho F; Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Castro C; Department of Epidemiology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; EpiUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia., Castro F; Department of Research and Health Technology Assessment, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama., Catalá-López F; National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Cerin E; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China., Chaiah Y; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Chanie WF; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia., Chattu VK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; China Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada., Chaturvedi P; Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India., Chauhan NS; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People's College of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal, India., Chehrazi M; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.; Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute, Tehran, Iran., Chiang PP; Clinical Governance, Gold Coast Health, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia., Chichiabellu TY; Department of Nursing, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia., Chido-Amajuoyi OG; Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston., Chimed-Ochir O; Institute of Industrial Ecological Science, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan., Choi JJ; Departments ofBiochemistry and Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea., Christopher DJ; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India., Chu DT; Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam.; Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway., Constantin MM; Department of Dermatology, 2nd Clinic of Dermatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.; 2nd Department of Dermatology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania., Costa VM; UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Crocetti E; Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy., Crowe CS; Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle., Curado MP; Department of Epidemiology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil., Dahlawi SMA; Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia., Damiani G; Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio., Darwish AH; Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt., Daryani A; Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., das Neves J; Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Institute of Biomedical Engineering (INEB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Demeke FM; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia., Demis AB; Nursing Department, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.; Department of Nursing, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia., Demissie BW; Department of Nursing, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia., Demoz GT; School of Pharmacy, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia.; Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Denova-Gutiérrez E; Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico., Derakhshani A; Department of Immunology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran., Deribe KS; Department of Preventive Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Desai R; Division of Cardiology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia., Desalegn BB; School of Nutrition, Food Science and Technology, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia., Desta M; Department of Midwifery, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán Rosales, Mexico., Dey S; Disha Foundation, Gurgaon, India., Dharmaratne SD; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle.; Department of Community Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka., Dhimal M; Health Research Section, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal., Diaz D; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán Rosales, Mexico.; Center of Complexity Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico., Dinberu MTT; Department of Midwifery, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia., Djalalinia S; Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran., Doku DT; Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.; Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland., Drake TM; Department of Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom., Dubey M; United Nations World Food Programme, New Delhi, India., Dubljanin E; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia., Duken EE; College of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.; Mycobacteriology Research Center, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia., Ebrahimi H; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Effiong A; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia., Eftekhari A; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; Department of Basic Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran., El Sayed I; Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt., Zaki MES; Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt., El-Jaafary SI; Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt., El-Khatib Z; Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden., Elemineh DA; Department of Statistics, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia., Elkout H; Department of Community Medicine, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya.; Department of Health Information, World Health Organization, Tripoli, Libya., Ellenbogen RG; Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle.; Department of Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington., Elsharkawy A; Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt., Emamian MH; Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran., Endalew DA; Department of Midwifery, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia., Endries AY; Public Health Department, St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Eshrati B; Center of Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.; School of Public Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Fadhil I; Department of Non-communicable Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Dubai, United Arab Emirates., Fallah Omrani V; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Faramarzi M; Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran., Farhangi MA; Department of Community Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Farioli A; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy., Farzadfar F; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Fentahun N; Department of Public Health Nutrition, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia., Fernandes E; Requimte/LAQV, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Feyissa GT; Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.; Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia., Filip I; Department of Psychiatry, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, California.; School of Health Sciences, A.T. Still University, Mesa, Arizona., Fischer F; School of Public Health Medicine, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany., Fisher JL; James Cancer Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio., Force LM; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle.; Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee., Foroutan M; Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran., Freitas M; Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Fukumoto T; Gene Expression and Regulation Program, Cancer Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.; Department of Dermatology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan., Futran ND; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle., Gallus S; Department of Environmental Health Science, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy., Gankpe FG; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco.; Non-communicable Disease Department, Laboratory of Studies and Research-Action in Health, Porto Novo, Benin., Gayesa RT; Department of Nursing, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia., Gebrehiwot TT; Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia., Gebremeskel GG; College of Nursing, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia.; Department of Nursing, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia., Gedefaw GA; Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia., Gelaw BK; School of Pharmacy, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia., Geta B; Department of Pharmacy, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia., Getachew S; Department of Preventive Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Institute of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany., Gezae KE; Department of Biostatistics, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia., Ghafourifard M; Medical Surgical Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Ghajar A; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston., Ghashghaee A; Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Gholamian A; Physiology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Medical Department, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran., Gill PS; Unit of Academic Primary Care, University of Warwick, Coventry, England, United Kingdom., Ginindza TTG; Department of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.; University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa., Girmay A; Department of Nursing, A.C.S. Medical College and Hospital, Aksum, Ethiopia., Gizaw M; School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Gomez RS; Department of Surgery, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil., Gopalani SV; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City.; Department of Health and Social Affairs, Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, Palikir, Federated States of Micronesia., Gorini G; Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Section, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Florence, Italy., Goulart BNG; Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil., Grada A; School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts., Ribeiro Guerra M; Department of Public Health, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil., Guimaraes ALS; School of Dentistry, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Brazil., Gupta PC; Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.; Department of Epidemiology, Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Mumbai, India., Gupta R; West Virginia Bureau for Public Health, Charleston.; Department of Health Policy, Management & Leadership, West Virginia University, Morgantown., Hadkhale K; University of Tampere, UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland., Haj-Mirzaian A; Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Obesity Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Haj-Mirzaian A; Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland., Hamadeh RR; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain., Hamidi S; School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates., Hanfore LK; Department of Nursing, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia., Haro JM; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network, Madrid, Spain.; Research and Development Unit, San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain., Hasankhani M; School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Hasanzadeh A; Department of Microbiology, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.; Department of Microbiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Hassen HY; Public Health Department, Mizan-Tepi University, Teppi, Ethiopia.; Unit of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University Hospital Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium., Hay RJ; International Foundation for Dermatology, London, England, United Kingdom.; St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, England, United Kingdom., Hay SI; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle.; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle., Henok A; Mizan-Tepi University, Teppi, Ethiopia., Henry NJ; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle., Herteliu C; Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania., Hidru HD; Department of Epidemiology, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia., Hoang CL; Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam., Hole MK; The University of Texas at Austin, Austin., Hoogar P; Transdisciplinary Centre for Qualitative Methods, Manipal University, Manipal, India., Horita N; Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan.; National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland., Hosgood HD; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY., Hosseini M; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Hosseinzadeh M; Department of Computer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.; Department of Computer Science, University of Human Development, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq., Hostiuc M; Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.; Department of Internal Medicine, Bucharest Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania., Hostiuc S; Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.; Department of Clinical Legal Medicine, National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici, Bucharest, Romania., Househ M; Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.; Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar., Hussen MM; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia., Ileanu B; Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania.; Center for Health Outcomes & Evaluation, Bucharest, Romania., Ilic MD; Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia., Innos K; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia., Irvani SSN; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Iseh KR; Department of Surgery, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria., Islam SMS; Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Islami F; Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia., Jafari Balalami N; Department of Psychosis, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran., Jafarinia M; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran., Jahangiry L; Health Education and Health Promotion Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Jahani MA; Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran., Jahanmehr N; School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Jakovljevic M; Medical Sciences Department, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia., James SL; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle., Javanbakht M; Newcastle University, Tyne, United Kingdom., Jayaraman S; Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond., Jee SH; Department of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.; Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts., Jenabi E; Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran., Jha RP; Department of Community Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India., Jonas JB; Department of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.; Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China., Jonnagaddala J; School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.; NSW Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Joo T; Health Services Management Training Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary., Jungari SB; School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India., Jürisson M; Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia., Kabir A; Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Kamangar F; Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland., Karch A; Institute for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany., Karimi N; Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.; Department of Neurology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Karimian A; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Kasaeian A; Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Kasahun GG; School of Pharmacy, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia., Kassa B; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Dessie, Ethiopia., Kassa TD; Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia., Kassaw MW; Nursing Department, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.; Department of Public Health, Amhara Public Health Institute, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia., Kaul A; School of Health Care Administration, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa.; Health Care Delivery Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma., Keiyoro PN; ODeL Campus, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya., Kelbore AG; Department of Dermatology, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia., Kerbo AA; Department of Public Health, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Ethiopia.; School of Public Health, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia., Khader YS; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ramtha, Jordan., Khalilarjmandi M; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran., Khan EA; Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan., Khan G; Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates., Khang YH; Division of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea., Khatab K; Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom.; College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Zanesville., Khater A; Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, National Hepatology and Tropical Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt., Khayamzadeh M; Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Khazaee-Pool M; Department of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.; Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Khazaei S; Department of Epidemiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran., Khoja AT; Department of Public Health, Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland., Khosravi MH; Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; International Otorhinolaryngology Research Association, Tehran, Iran., Khubchandani J; Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana., Kianipour N; Department of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Kim D; Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts., Kim YJ; School of Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia., Kisa A; Department of Health Management and Health Economics, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway.; Department of Health Services Policy & Management, University of South Carolina, Columbia., Kisa S; Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway., Kissimova-Skarbek K; Department of Health Economics and Social Security, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland., Komaki H; Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.; Brain Engineering Research Center, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Koyanagi A; Networking Center for Mental Health Network, San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain., Krohn KJ; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle., Bicer BK; Department of Public Health, Yüksek Ihtisas University, Ankara, Turkey.; Department of Public Health, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey., Kugbey N; Department of Family and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.; Department of Psychology and Health Promotion, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa., Kumar V; Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts., Kuupiel D; Department of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.; Department of Nursing, St. John of God Hospital, Duayaw Nkwanta, Ghana., La Vecchia C; Clinical Medicine and Community Health, A.C.S. Medical College and Hospital, Milan, Italy., Lad DP; Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India., Lake EA; Department of Nursing, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia., Lakew AM; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia., Lal DK; Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India., Lami FH; Department of Community and Family Medicine, Academy of Medical Science, Baghdad, Iraq., Lan Q; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland., Lasrado S; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, India., Lauriola P; Institute of Clinical Physiology, Italian National Research Council, Pisa, Italy., Lazarus JV; Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain., Leigh J; Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Leshargie CT; Department of Public Health, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia., Liao Y; Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.; Alliance for Improving Health Outcomes, Inc, Quezon City, Philippines., Limenih MA; Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia., Listl S; Department of Dentistry, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.; Section for Translational Health Economics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany., Lopez AD; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle.; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Queensland, Australia., Lopukhov PD; Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia., Lunevicius R; Department of General Surgery, Aintree University Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool, England, United Kingdom.; Department of Surgery, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England, United Kingdom., Madadin M; Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia., Magdeldin S; Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, Suez Canal University, Cairo, Egypt.; Department of Physiology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt., El Razek HMA; Department of Cardiology, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt., Majeed A; Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, England, United Kingdom., Maleki A; Department of Environmental Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran., Malekzadeh R; Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Manafi A; Department of Plastic Surgery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Manafi N; Department of Ophthalmology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada., Manamo WA; School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Mansourian M; Department of Health Education and Promotion, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mansournia MA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mantovani LG; School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy., Maroufizadeh S; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Martini SMS; Department of Epidemiology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.; Indonesian Public Health Association, Surabaya, Indonesia., Mashamba-Thompson TP; Department of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa., Massenburg BB; Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle., Maswabi MT; School of Public Health, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana., Mathur MR; Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India.; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, England, United Kingdom., McAlinden C; Department of Ophthalmology, Hywel Dda University Health Board, Carmarthen, Wales, United Kingdom., McKee M; Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, England, United Kingdom., Meheretu HAA; Department of Nursing, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.; School of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia., Mehrotra R; Department of Preventive Oncology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India., Mehta V; Department of Internal Medicine, SevenHills Hospital, Mumbai, India., Meier T; Institute for Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.; Innovation Office, Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health, Halle, Germany., Melaku YA; Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia., Meles GG; Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia., Meles HG; Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia., Melese A; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia., Melku M; Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia., Memiah PTN; Department of Public Health, University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida., Mendoza W; Peru Country Office, United Nations Population Fund, Lima, Peru., Menezes RG; Forensic Medicine Division, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia., Merat S; Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Meretoja TJ; Breast Surgery Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.; University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., Mestrovic T; Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Dr. Zora Profozic Polyclinic, Zagreb, Croatia.; University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia., Miazgowski B; Center for Innovation in Medical Education, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.; Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland., Miazgowski T; Department of Hypertension, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland., Mihretie KMM; Department of Epidemiology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia., Miller TR; Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, Maryland.; School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia., Mills EJ; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Mir SM; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.; Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran., Mirzaei H; Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran., Mirzaei HR; Department of Medical Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mishra R; Department of Oral Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle., Moazen B; Institute of Public Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.; Institute of Addiction Research, Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany., Mohammad DK; Department of Biology, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq.; Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden., Mohammad KA; Department of Biology, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq.; ISHIK University, Erbil, Iraq., Mohammad Y; Department of Internal Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Darwesh AM; Department of Information Technology, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq., Mohammadbeigi A; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran., Mohammadi H; Department of Neurology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Mohammadi M; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Mohammadian M; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran., Mohammadoo-Khorasani M; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran., Mohammadpourhodki R; Department of Nursing, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran., Mohammed AS; School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia., Mohammed JA; Department of Public Health, Samara University, Samera, Ethiopia., Mohammed S; Institute of Public Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.; Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria., Mohebi F; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Iran National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mokdad AH; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle.; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle., Monasta L; Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy., Moodley Y; Department of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa., Moosazadeh M; Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Moossavi M; Department of Molecular Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran., Moradi G; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran., Moradi-Joo M; Department of Economics and Management Sciences for Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Moradi-Lakeh M; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Moradpour F; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran., Morawska L; International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia., Morgado-da-Costa J; Hospital de Santo António, Hospital Center of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Morisaki N; Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Japan., Morrison SD; Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle., Mosapour A; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran., Mousavi SM; Department of Health Management and Economics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Muche AA; Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia., Muhammed OSS; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Musa J; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.; Center for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois., Nabhan AF; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.; Knowledge Translation and Utilization, Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt., Naderi M; School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Nagarajan AJ; Department of Research and Analytics, Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development, Chennai, India.; Department of Research and Analytics, Bioinsilico Technologies, Chennai, India., Nagel G; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany., Nahvijou A; Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Naik G; O'NealComprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham., Najafi F; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Naldi L; Department of Dermatology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy.; GISED Study Center, Bergamo, Italy., Nam HS; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.; Daejeon Regional Cancer Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea., Nasiri N; Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran., Nazari J; Department of Pediatrics, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.; Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran., Negoi I; Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania., Neupane S; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland., Newcomb PA; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle., Nggada HA; Department of Histopathology, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria.; Department of Human Pathology, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria., Ngunjiri JW; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya., Nguyen CT; Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Vietnam., Nikniaz L; Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Ningrum DNA; Department of Public Health Sciences, State University of Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia.; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan., Nirayo YL; Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia., Nixon MR; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle., Nnaji CA; Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Nojomi M; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Department of Community and Family Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Nosratnejad S; Department of Health Economics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Shiadeh MN; Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Obsa MS; Department of Anesthesia, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia., Ofori-Asenso R; Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Independent consultant, Accra, Ghana., Ogbo FA; Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia., Oh IH; Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, South Korea., Olagunju AT; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria., Olagunju TO; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Oluwasanu MM; Department of Health Promotion and Education, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria., Omonisi AE; Department of Anatomic Pathology, Ekiti State University, Ado- Ekiti, Nigeria.; Department of Anatomic Pathology, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria., Onwujekwe OE; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria., Oommen AM; Department of Community Health, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India., Oren E; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle.; Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California., Ortega-Altamirano DDV; Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico., Ota E; Department of Global Health Nursing, St. Luke's International University, Chuo-ku, Japan., Otstavnov SS; Analytical Center, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia., Owolabi MO; Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria., P A M; Department of TB & Respiratory Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India., Padubidri JR; Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal University, Mangaluru, India., Pakhale S; Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Pakpour AH; Department of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.; Department of Nursing, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden., Pana A; Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania.; Center for Health Outcomes & Evaluation, Bucharest, Romania., Park EK; Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, South Korea., Parsian H; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran., Pashaei T; Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran., Patel S; Department of Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York., Patil ST; Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed University, Karad, India., Pennini A; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle., Pereira DM; Requimte/LAQV, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia., Piccinelli C; ReferenceCenter for Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention, CPO Piedmont, Torino, Italy., Pillay JD; Basic Medical Sciences Department, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa., Pirestani M; Departments of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran., Pishgar F; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Postma MJ; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.; Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands., Pourjafar H; Department of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.; Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran., Pourmalek F; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada., Pourshams A; Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Prakash S; Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India., Prasad N; Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India., Qorbani M; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran., Rabiee M; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran., Rabiee N; Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.; Divisions of Chemistry and Diseases, Advanced Technologies Research Group, Tehran, Iran., Radfar A; A.T. Still University, Mesa, Arizona., Rafiei A; Department of Immunology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.; Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Rahim F; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran., Rahimi M; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Rahman MA; Austin Health Clinical School of Nursing, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.; National Centre for Farmer Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia., Rajati F; Department of Health Education and Promotion, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Rana SM; Department of Public Health, Contech School of Public Health, Lahore, Pakistan.; Public Health Department, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan., Raoofi S; Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Rath GK; Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India., Rawaf DL; WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training, Imperial College London, London, England, United Kingdom.; University College London Hospitals, London, England, United Kingdom., Rawaf S; Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, England, United Kingdom.; Academic Public Health, Public Health England, London, England, United Kingdom., Reiner RC; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle.; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle., Renzaho AMN; School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia., Rezaei N; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran., Rezapour A; Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Ribeiro AI; Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Ribeiro D; Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Ronfani L; Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy., Roro EM; School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Department of Public Health, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia., Roshandel G; Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran., Rostami A; Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran., Saad RS; Clinical Operations, Doctor Evidence, Santa Monica, California., Sabbagh P; Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran., Sabour S; Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Saddik B; Medical Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates., Safiri S; Managerial Epidemiology Research Center, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran., Sahebkar A; Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran., Salahshoor MR; A.C.S. Medical College and Hospital, Tehran, Iran., Salehi F; Taleghani Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Salem H; Department of Urology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt., Salem MR; Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt., Salimzadeh H; Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Salomon JA; Center for Health Policy and Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California., Samy AM; Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt., Sanabria J; Department of Surgery, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia.; Departments of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio., Santric Milicevic MM; School of Public Health and Health Management, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia., Sartorius B; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle.; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, England, United Kingdom., Sarveazad A; Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Sathian B; Surgery Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.; Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, England, United Kingdom., Satpathy M; UGC Centre of Advanced Study in Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India.; Udyam-Global Association for Sustainable Development, Bhubaneswar, India., Savic M; GSK Biologicals, Wavre, Belgium., Sawhney M; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte., Sayyah M; Education Development Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran., Schneider IJC; School of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Ararangua, Brazil., Schöttker B; Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany., Sekerija M; Department of Medical Statistics, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.; Division of Epidemiology and Prevention of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia., Sepanlou SG; Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Sepehrimanesh M; Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Seyedmousavi S; Center of Expertise in Microbiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Shaahmadi F; Department of Health Promotion and Education, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran., Shabaninejad H; Department of Health Policy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Shahbaz M; Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Shaikh MA; Independent consultant, Karachi, Pakistan., Shamshirian A; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Shamsizadeh M; Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran., Sharafi H; Department of Molecular Hepatology, Middle East Liver Disease Center, Tehran, Iran., Sharafi Z; Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran., Sharif M; Department of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran.; Department of Laboratory Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran., Sharifi A; Department of Ophthalmology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran., Sharifi H; HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran., Sharma R; University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India., Sheikh A; Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.; 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مؤلفون مشاركون: Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration

المصدر: JAMA oncology [JAMA Oncol] 2019 Dec 01; Vol. 5 (12), pp. 1749-1768.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: American Medical Association Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101652861 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2374-2445 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 23742437 NLM ISO Abbreviation: JAMA Oncol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Neoplasms/*epidemiology, Disabled Persons ; Global Burden of Disease ; Global Health ; Humans ; Incidence ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years