المؤلفون: John Gachohi, Isaac Ngere, Kebede Deribe, Melanie J. Newport, Isabella Ayagah, Henry M. Kanyi, Morris Buliva, Wyckliff P. Omondi, Sammy M. Njenga, Jacinta Muli, Hadley M. Sultani, Collins Okoyo

المصدر: Am J Trop Med Hyg

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, Adolescent, Cross-sectional study, Population, Physical examination, Article, Young Adult, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Virology, Prevalence, Humans, Medicine, Elephantiasis, Podoconiosis, Child, education, Lymphatic filariasis, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Geography, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Kenya, Confidence interval, Cross-Sectional Studies, Infectious Diseases, Lymphedema, Socioeconomic Factors, Child, Preschool, Population Surveillance, Epidemiological Monitoring, Female, Parasitology, business, Demography

الوصف: Podoconiosis is a type of tropical lymphedema that is clinically distinguished from lymphatic filariasis (LF) because it is ascending and commonly bilateral but asymmetric. The disease is a result of a genetically determined inflammatory reaction to long-term exposure to mineral particles in irritant red clay soils derived mainly from volcanic soils. We conducted the first nationwide mapping of the prevalence and risk factors of podoconiosis in Kenya. We performed a population-based cross-sectional survey to determine the national prevalence of podoconiosis and included 6,228 individuals from 48 villages in 24 sub-counties across 15 counties. Participants answered a questionnaire about the history of symptoms compatible with podoconiosis, received a point-of-care antigen test, and underwent a physical examination if they had lymphedema. A confirmed case of podoconiosis was defined as a case in a resident of the study village who had lower limb bilateral and asymmetric lymphedema lasting more than 1 year, negative test results for Wuchereria bancrofti antigen, and other causes of lymphedema ruled out. Of all the individuals surveyed, 89 had lymphedema; of those, 16 of 6228 (0.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1–0.5) were confirmed to have podoconiosis. A high prevalence of podoconiosis was found in western (Siaya, 3.1%; Busia, 0.9%) and central (Meru, 1.1%) regions, and a low prevalence was observed in northern (Marsabit, 0.2%), eastern (Makueni, 0.2%), and coastal (Tana River, 0.1%) regions. The identified risk factors were age 56 years or older (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 5.66; 95% CI, 2.32–13.83; P < 0.001) and rarely wearing shoes (aOR, 18.92; 95% CI, 4.55–78.71; P < 0.001). These results indicated that the podoconiosis prevalence is low and localized in Kenya; therefore, elimination is achievable if appropriate disease prevention, management, and behavioral strategies are promoted.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::d9370a3a6feb77c5439350be8f5ee07c
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.21-0248

المؤلفون: Qisheng Gao, Yaqing Fang, Panpan Liu

المصدر: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, China, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Adolescent, Cross-sectional study, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Computer-assisted web interviewing, Young Adult, Surveys and Questionnaires, Virology, Humans, education, media_common, education.field_of_study, SARS-CoV-2, Behavior change, COVID-19, Cognition, Articles, Cross-Sectional Studies, Infectious Diseases, Scale (social sciences), Linear Models, Female, Parasitology, Psychology, Publicity, Demography

الوصف: To analyze the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice about COVID-19 among Chinese residents, noninterventional and anonymous survey was carried out with an online questionnaire. Among the survey respondents (n = 619), 59.9% were female, 61.1% were from 18 to 30 years of age, and 42.3% held an undergraduate’s degree. The mean scores for each scale were as follows: perceived knowledge (36.3 ± 6.1), attitude (29.4 ± 4.7), practice (44.1 ± 4.8), total score (109.7 ± 13.2), barrier (0.2 ± 0.7), and cognition and behavior change score (8.5 ± 1.4). Perceived knowledge, attitude, practice, total score, and cognition and behavior changes were significantly and positively correlated, whereas barrier was negatively correlated with those scales (P < 0.001). Linear regressions revealed that those respondents who were medical professionals, civil servants, employees of state-owned enterprises and public institutions, and had relatively higher level of education were associated with a higher perceived knowledge score, attitude score, practice score, and total score. Higher mean cognition and behavior change score was associated with company employees (8.8 ± 1.3). More than half of the respondents (51.4%) were optimistic about the government's interventional measures. The respondents in China had good knowledge, positive attitude, and active practice toward COVID-19, yet, it is advisable to strengthen nationwide publicity and focus on the target undereducated population by means of We-Chat, microblog, website, and community workers for better control effect.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::0adce3dd0dc81922741776c41cf7c0b9
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0452

المؤلفون: Bettsy Y. Recalde, Oscar H. Del Brutto, Aldo F. Costa, Javier A. Bustos, Robertino M. Mera, Hector H. Garcia

المصدر: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, Adolescent, Isolation (health care), Pneumonia, Viral, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Developing country, Antibodies, Viral, Betacoronavirus, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Virology, Pandemic, Cluster Analysis, Humans, Rural, Young adult, Child, education, Cluster analysis, Pandemics, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Family Characteristics, education.field_of_study, Community Settings, SARS-CoV-2, Case-control study, COVID-19, Articles, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, Infectious Diseases, Geography, Immunoglobulin M, Case-Control Studies, Immunoglobulin G, Female, Parasitology, Ecuador, Coronavirus Infections, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.06 [https], Demography

الوصف: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is now expanding into the developing world with devastating consequences. Departing from a population-based study in rural Ecuador where all adult individuals (aged 40 years or older) were tested for SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies, we expanded it to include a house-based case–control component assessing in-house clustering and other variables potentially associated with infection. We selected houses where exactly two study participants lived and were both seropositive (case-houses), and matched 1:1 to control-houses where both were seronegative. Younger household members had an antibody test performed. Infected household members were found in 33 (92%) case-houses and in only six (17%) control-houses. In 28/29 discordant house pairs, the case-house had seropositive household members and the control-house did not (odds ratio: 28; 95% CI: 4.6–1,144). Our data demonstrate strong in-house clustering of infection in community settings, stressing the importance of early case ascertainment and isolation for SARS-CoV-2 control.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::bddcffcee68a32fcc5dc7ff508ce331a
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0688

المؤلفون: Wan Wen Patricia Poh, Justin Wong, Mohammad Fathi Alikhan, Wee Chian Koh, Sirajul Adli Jamaludin, Lin Naing, Liling Chaw

المصدر: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, Brunei, Severity of Illness Index, Infectious Disease Incubation Period, Patient Isolation, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Interquartile range, Epidemiology, Credible interval, Medicine, Child, education.field_of_study, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Articles, Middle Aged, Infectious Diseases, Psychological Distance, Child, Preschool, Epidemiological Monitoring, Quarantine, Female, medicine.symptom, Coronavirus Infections, Serial interval, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Adolescent, Pneumonia, Viral, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Asymptomatic, Incubation period, Betacoronavirus, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, Humans, education, Pandemics, Aged, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Public health, COVID-19, Infant, Outbreak, Communicable Disease Control, Parasitology, business, Basic reproduction number, Demography

الوصف: BackgroundStudies on the early introduction of SARS-CoV-2 in a naïve population have important epidemic control implications. We report findings from the epidemiological investigation of the initial 135 COVID-19 cases in Brunei and describe the impact of control measures and travel restrictions.MethodsEpidemiological and clinical information were obtained for all confirmed COVID-19 cases in Brunei, whose symptom onset was from March 9 to April 5, 2020 (covering the initial 5 weeks of the epidemic). Transmission-related measures such as reproduction number (R), incubation period, serial interval were estimated. Time-varying R was calculated to assess the effectiveness of control measures.ResultsA total of 135 cases were detected, of which 53 (39.3%) were imported. The median age was 36 years (range = 0.5 to 72). 41 (30.4%) and 13 (9.6%) were presymptomatic and asymptomatic cases respectively. The median incubation period was 5 days (IQR = 5, range = 1 to 11), and the mean serial interval was 5.39 days (sd = 4.47; 95% CI: 4.25, 6.53). R0 was between 3.88 and 5.96, and the doubling time was 1.3 days. By the 13th day of the epidemic, the Rt was under one (Rt = 0.91; 95% credible interval: 0.62, 1.32) and the epidemic was under control.ConclusionEpidemic control was achieved through a combination of public health measures, with emphasis on a test-isolate-trace approach supplemented by travel restrictions and moderate physical distancing measures but no actual lockdown. To maintain suppression, regular and ongoing testing of high-risk groups can supplement the existing surveillance program.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::e630bc274afb7a2bd1880ea249fdb8a6
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0771

المؤلفون: Philippe Nwane, Paul S. Weiss, Lauri Bernard, Moses N. Katabarwa, Edson Byamukama, Emily Griswold, Peace Habomugisha, Frank O. Richards, Albert Eyamba, Annet Khainza

المصدر: Am J Trop Med Hyg

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, Endemic Diseases, Adult male, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Onchocerciasis, High coverage, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Virology, medicine, Humans, Uganda, Cameroon, Treatment experience, education, Mass drug administration, education.field_of_study, Ivermectin, Geography, business.industry, Articles, medicine.disease, Filaricides, Infectious Diseases, Multistage sampling, Mass Drug Administration, Female, Parasitology, business, Demography, District level

الوصف: Mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin must reach a high treatment coverage (90% of the eligible population) if onchocerciasis is to be eliminated. Questions have been raised as to whether reported treatment figures reaching such high coverage are reliable. Sample surveys are proposed as the method of choice for “validating” reported coverage figures. The purpose of this study was to compare the district-level MDA coverage reported by programs with contemporaneous surveys of randomly selected respondents living in those same districts. Over an 8-year period, 19,219 households were selected using multistage random sampling; 38,433 adult male and female heads of those households were asked about their recent ivermectin MDA treatment experience. District coverage reports were considered “accurate” if they fell within the 95% CIs determined by the corresponding district’s survey. Ninety-eight treatment rounds were evaluated over an 8-year period. Overall, the reported coverage of 96.5% (range: 68–100%) was significantly higher than the 92.5% surveyed coverage (range: 62.1–99.6%, 95% CI: 91.9–93.2%). However, only 20% of districts reported significantly higher coverage than surveys, 68% of district program reports were judged as accurate, and 12% of districts reported significantly lower coverage figures than their corresponding surveys. Eighty-eight percent of districts reported coverage ≥ 90% threshold for success, compared with 97% of surveys that included 90% in their 95% CIs. We conclude that when analyzed statistically at the district level, most surveys verified the reported coverage.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::5ab2bd4a15dcf04c2c51eaa137cc5726
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.18-0680

المؤلفون: Denny John, Viral R. Bajwala, Alex Eapen, Manoj V Murhekar, Daniel Rajasekar

المصدر: Am J Trop Med Hyg

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, Index (economics), Surveillance data, Adolescent, Climate, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, India, Mosquito Vectors, Viral Nonstructural Proteins, Antibodies, Viral, Public-Private Sector Partnerships, Dengue fever, law.invention, Dengue, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Aedes, law, Virology, medicine, Animals, Humans, Child, education, Disease Notification, education.field_of_study, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Infant, Newborn, Infant, Humidity, Articles, Dengue Virus, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Infectious Diseases, Transmission (mechanics), Geography, Immunoglobulin M, Child, Preschool, Larva, Vector (epidemiology), Epidemiological Monitoring, Female, Parasitology, Male to female, Demography

الوصف: We estimated the incidence of laboratory-confirmed dengue patients for Surat city, India, using surveillance data from 2011 to 2016 and described the related entomological indices and climatic factors. There was a rise in incidence from 1.5 to 17.6 per 100,000 population, as the numbers of notified cases have increased because of better surveillance system. The case notification was 1.3 times higher for the public sector than the private sector. The larval indices were below the transmission level (House index, Breteau index < 1%). The median age of dengue patients was 20 years (IQR: 14–28), with a male to female ratio of 1.6:1. Five peripheral vector control units contributed to 1,013 (41.4%) confirmed cases with rising incidence in other units also. The number of dengue patients peaked during post-monsoon. Spearman’s correlation of vector density with humidity (r(s) = 0.556), rainfall (r(s) = 0.644), and number of cases (r(s) = 0.708) suggested climate favorable for vector breeding. There is a good system of public–private coordination for dengue surveillance. However, there is a need to reassess the vector indices threshold for transmission in the city.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::7c544b84b5ea54f929ab93d5b2fd1ada
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.19-0967

المؤلفون: Andrew Mwale, Pierrot L. Tugirimana, Esto Bahizire, Sylvain Meuris, Mugisho Bahati, Déogratias Zozo, Philippe Donnen, Michèle Dramaix

المصدر: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 97:1551-1560

مصطلحات موضوعية: Rural Population, Hemoglobins, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Surveys and Questionnaires, Prevalence, 030212 general & internal medicine, education.field_of_study, Anemia, Iron-Deficiency, biology, Articles, Orosomucoid, C-Reactive Protein, Infectious Diseases, Congo, Female, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Anemia, Iron, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Prenatal care, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, Receptors, Transferrin, medicine, Humans, education, Serum Albumin, Inflammation, Transferrin saturation, business.industry, Public health, medicine.disease, Malaria, Ferritin, Cross-Sectional Studies, Logistic Models, Socioeconomic Factors, Sample Size, Immunology, biology.protein, Parasitology, business, Hypoalbuminemia, Demography

الوصف: It is estimated that a quarter of the world’s population suffers from anemia,1 and it has been established that pregnant women are one of the most affected groups, particularly in low-income countries.2 According to a study published in 2008, which summarized global data on anemia for the period 1993–2005, 55.8% of pregnant women in Africa were anemic.1 Another more recent publication, which compared anemia trends worldwide between 1995 and 2011, reported a reduction in the prevalence of anemia at the global level and showed again the heterogeneity of the problem of anemia according to the different regions of the globe.3 Between 1995 and 2011, the overall prevalence of anemia decreased from 43% to 38%. In Eastern Africa, this prevalence decreased from 46% to 36%, and in Central and Western Africa, it decreased from 61% to 56%.3 The 2007 Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) demographic and health survey (DHS) estimated a 53% national prevalence of anemia with a 39% regional prevalence in South Kivu province among women of child-bearing age.4 Furthermore, the 2007 DRC DHS estimated the national prevalence of anemia at 60% among pregnant women, but the report lacked this data for individual provinces. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), this level of prevalence, at national level, is considered to be a severe public health problem.5 Anemia during pregnancy is known to be associated with a high risk of poor birth outcomes.6 It causes fatigue, reduces work capacity,7 and is associated with a high risk of maternal mortality6,8; which remains a real public health problem with a 2015 global estimate of 300,000 maternal deaths.9 In anemic (and undernourished) women, even minimal blood losses can have serious consequences; complications of postpartum hemorrhage are higher in the presence of preexisting anemia.10 Hemorrhage tops among the leading five clinical conditions responsible for at least 80% of maternal death.11 Geller et al.12 estimates that postpartum hemorrhage accounts for 25–33% of all maternal deaths. The etiology of anemia is multifactorial; the common causes being of nutritional origin (such as iron deficiency [ID]), infections, and genetic disorders.2,13 These causes may vary between different settings and may be synergistic at varying degrees in different settings. WHO estimates that half of all cases of anemia are related to ID.6 Despite the high burden of anemia in DRC, there are limited data on its etiology among pregnant women and especially the relative contribution of ID. In 1994, Kuvibidila et al.14 found a higher prevalence of ID in the western province of Kongo Central (formerly Bas-Congo) among pregnant women than nonpregnant women and a control group of nonpregnant Caucasian women living in the United States of America. The study used ferritin or adjusted ferritin in case of inflammation to evaluate iron store, and it was generally found that Congolese women had a lower mean plasma iron as compared with the control group regardless of their physiological status.14 In his 1996 article from the same region, Kuvibidila and colleagues15 reported a 56% ID prevalence among pregnant women without inflammation as determined by a serum ferritin (SF) < 12 μg/L and/or transferrin saturation < 16%. It should be noted that these results could not be generalized to the entire country owing to the different sociodemographic, geographic, genetic, and behavioral differences (including eating habits) between different ethnic groups and regions. The 2007 DHS used hemoglobin (Hb) alone as a proxy for ID on the assumption that ID contributes to half of all cases of anemia. This was an oversight in determining the prevalence of ID considering that causes of anemia are diverse and even synergistic in some individuals, more specifically pregnant women. There has been no documented study carried out using validated biochemical parameters for iron store evaluation among pregnant women in Kivu. This study aimed at bridging this information gap with the following objectives: 1) to determine the prevalence of anemia and that of ID and 2) to identify other factors associated with anemia among pregnant women from the rural Miti-Murhesa health zone in South Kivu province in eastern DRC.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::8a54f89a27d6b54104a8ea5207085922
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.17-0267

المؤلفون: Mary M Rorick, Shazia Ruybal-Pesántez, Lucas Amenga-Etego, Anita Ghansah, Karen P. Day, Kwadwo A. Koram, Abraham Oduro, Kathryn E. Tiedje

المصدر: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 97:1180-1189

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Linkage disequilibrium, Adolescent, Plasmodium falciparum, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Biology, Ghana, Linkage Disequilibrium, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Virology, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, Malaria, Falciparum, Child, education, education.field_of_study, Genetic diversity, Ecology, Haplotype, Infant, Articles, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Tropical medicine, Microsatellite, Female, Parasitology, Malaria, Demography

الوصف: Malaria control in West Africa is impeded by the large reservoir of chronic asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections in the human population. This study aimed to assess the extent of diversity in the P. falciparum reservoir in Bongo District (BD), Ghana, at the end of the dry season, the lowest point in malaria transmission over the course of the year. Analysis of the variation in 12 microsatellite loci was completed for 200 P. falciparum isolates collected from a cross-sectional survey of residents of all ages from two catchment areas in BD. Analysis of the multilocus haplotypes showed high levels of genetic diversity (He = 0.74), no population differentiation yet significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) (ISA = 0.0127, P = 0.006) in BD. Multilocus LD was significant between and within catchment areas even though every haplotype in the population was unique and the majority of individuals (84.0%) harbored multiple-clone infections. The linkage structure among multilocus haplotypes was not associated with sampling location. These data provide the first study with deep sampling of the P. falciparum reservoir in an area of seasonal malaria transmission in West Africa. The co-occurrence of high multiplicity of infection (multiple-clone infections) with significant multilocus LD is surprising given the likelihood of high recombination rates in BD. The results suggest that the linkage structure among multilocus haplotypes has not been shaped by geographic separation of parasite populations. Furthermore, the observed LD levels provide a baseline population genetic metric with putatively neutral markers to evaluate the effects of seasonality and malaria control efforts in BD.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::2665965b757816a7a81971a91997674d
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.17-0119

المؤلفون: Gabriela Salmón-Mulanovich, Zonia Rios, Joel M. Montgomery, Daniel G. Bausch, Angelica Espinoza, William Pan, M. Claudia Guezala, Carolina Guevara, Andres G. Lescano, David L. Blazes

المصدر: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 99:1440-1450

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Multivariate analysis, Cross-sectional study, Dengue virus, Antibodies, Viral, medicine.disease_cause, Dengue, 0302 clinical medicine, Aedes, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Peru, Prevalence, Medicine, Child, Family Characteristics, education.field_of_study, Age Factors, Articles, Middle Aged, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Female, 0305 other medical science, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.06 [https], Adult, Adolescent, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Mosquito Vectors, Lower risk, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, Plaque reduction neutralization test, Virology, Animals, Humans, education, 030505 public health, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Puerto Maldonado, Odds ratio, Dengue Virus, Confidence interval, Cross-Sectional Studies, Immunoglobulin G, Parasitology, business, IndividualSpatial Risk, Demography

الوصف: Dengue virus (DENV) affects more than 100 countries worldwide. Dengue virus infection has been increasing in the southern Peruvian Amazon city of Puerto Maldonado since 2000. We designed this study to describe the prevalence of past DENV infection and to evaluate risk factors. In 2012, we conducted a cross-sectional serosurvey and administered a knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) questionnaire to members of randomly selected households. Sera were screened for antibodies to DENV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization test. We created indices for KAP (KAPi). We used SaTScan (Martin Kulldorff with Information Management Services Inc., Boston, MA) to detect clustering and created a multivariate model introducing the distance of households to potential vector and infection sources. A total of 505 participants from 307 households provided a blood sample and completed a questionnaire. Fifty-four percent of participants (95% confidence interval [CI]: 49.6; 58.5) had neutralizing antibodies to DENV. Higher values of KAPi were positively associated with having DENV antibodies in the multivariate analysis (odds ratio [OR(II)]: 1.6, 95% CI: 0.6, 2.4; OR(III): 2.7, 95% CI: 1.3, 5.5; and OR(IV): 2.4, 95% CI: 1.2, 5.0). Older groups had lower chances of having been exposed to DENV than younger people (OR(20–30): 0.5, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.8; OR(31–45): 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3, 0.9; and OR(>45): 0.6, 95% CI: 0.3, 1.3). Multivariate data analysis from the 270 households with location information showed male gender to have lower risk of past DENV infection (OR: 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4, 0.9). We conclude that risk of DENV infection in Puerto Maldonado is related to gender, age of the population, and location.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::3b2099658a2ba62a84d80c580b494341
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.17-1015

المؤلفون: Brittany L. Kmush, Khalequ Zaman, Alain B. Labrique, Christopher D. Heaney, John R. Ticehurst, Zabed B. Ahmed, Kenrad E. Nelson, Harry R. Dalton

المصدر: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, Adolescent, Population, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, medicine.disease_cause, Sensitivity and Specificity, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Young Adult, Hepatitis E virus, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Virology, medicine, Humans, Seroprevalence, Child, education, Disease burden, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bangladesh, education.field_of_study, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Age Factors, Articles, Middle Aged, Hepatitis E, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Immunoassay, Female, Parasitology, business, Demography, Cohort study

الوصف: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a global pathogen responsible for approximately 20 million infections every year in developing countries, yet remains under-recognized. In this population-based cohort study, 1,025 randomly selected participants were enrolled from Matlab, Bangladesh (2004–2005). All participants were tested for HEV antibodies and total immunoglobulin (Ig), using an in-house enzyme immunoassay developed by Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR). In 2014, we retested the banked sera of 1,009 of those participants using the Wantai anti-HEV IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The WRAIR assay estimated the overall population seroprevalence as 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 24.0, 29.5), whereas the Wantai assay produced significantly higher estimated seroprevalence, 46.7% (95% CI: 43.5–49.8) (P < 0.001). However, the two tests give nearly identical findings in those 5 years and under (N = 94) with a 98% agreement between the tests. Retesting populations with modern assays is necessary to establish better population-level estimates of disease burden.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::ccf8fb07757598c0dd0a015f18af6160
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.15-0159