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المؤلفون: Erbo Andersen, David Delfs

المصدر: Social Science History; Summer2018, Vol. 42 Issue 2, p245-268, 24p

مصطلحات موضوعية: MERITOCRACY, BUREAUCRACY, HISTORY

مصطلحات جغرافية: PRUSSIA (Germany)

مستخلص: How do state bureaucracies become high-quality organizations? Leading comparative politics studies assume that bureaucratic quality is forged by the introduction of meritocratic personnel systems because meritocracies, in contrast to politicized bureaucracies, select the most competent applicants for the jobs at hand. However, in line with principal agent theory I propose that without a certain level of responsiveness of bureaucrats to the government in place and its policies, the positive consequences of meritocracy for bureaucratic quality are drastically reduced. Meritocracy is likewise essential to bureaucratic quality but, given that it demands some bureaucratic autonomy, meritocracy also creates a control problem. To study the consequences of meritocracy for bureaucratic quality, I revisit bureaucratic developments in the paradigmatically important historical cases of Prussia as well as Imperial and Weimar Germany. Based on extant scholarship of Prussian and German bureaucratic history, the analysis shows that bureaucratic quality varies over time with responsiveness even when meritocraticness is constant at high and low levels, and that governments knowing this hesitate to adopt meritocratic systems despite their advantages if they believe the bureaucracy will be unresponsive. Studying Prussia and Germany historically helps distinguish between the consequences for bureaucratic quality of meritocracy from those of responsiveness. On this basis, I identify where comparative politics studies may benefit from adding, in a comparative historical perspective, responsiveness to the explanation of bureaucratic quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Social Science History is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: BEUVE, JEAN, BROUSSEAU, ERIC, SGARD, JÉRÔME

المصدر: Journal of Economic History; Dec2017, Vol. 77 Issue 4, p1144-1176, 33p, 5 Charts

مصطلحات موضوعية: BUREAUCRACY, PRIVATE sector, RATIONAL-legal authority, FRANCE. Ministry of Finance, FRENCH politics & government, DECISION making in political science, EIGHTEENTH century, HISTORY

مصطلحات جغرافية: FRANCE

مستخلص: The Bureau du Commerce allocated rights and rents to private entrepreneurs via a mix of hierarchical division of labor and peer-based collegial deliberation. This set-up reflected an attempt to maximize information and expertise, but also allowed for the recognition of private rights and social interests. The final decisions of the Bureau (for or against each demand), and the qualitative arguments brought forward during the procedure, are robust predictors of eventual decisions. We see this result as an indication that impersonal, rational and informed decision-making could be obtained even within a patrimonialist, rent-seeking State. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Journal of Economic History is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Grdešić, Marko

المصدر: Comparative Studies in Society & History; Jul2016, Vol. 58 Issue 3, p774-803, 30p

مصطلحات موضوعية: NATIONALISM, HISTORY of socialism, BUREAUCRACY, ANTI-intellectualism, SERBIAN history, TWENTIETH century, HISTORY

مصطلحات جغرافية: SERBIA

مستخلص: Why did nationalism and socialism combine during Serbia's “anti-bureaucratic revolution”? This article critiques the elite-centric approach prevalent in the literature and suggests a cultural argument instead. Three interconnected “elective affinities” brought nationalism and socialism together and separated them from a weak liberal alternative: (1) the emergence of bureaucracy as a “floating signifier”; (2) the search for enemies and a predilection for conspiracy theories; and (3) anti-intellectualism with special emphasis on the search for “one truth.” The elite-centric approach is assessed by looking at actors who, if the thesis is correct, should have been the least likely adopters of nationalist ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Comparative Studies in Society & History is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: ROOS, NEIL

المصدر: Historical Journal; Dec2015, Vol. 58 Issue 4, p1167-1189, 23p

مصطلحات موضوعية: ALCOHOL drinking, APARTHEID, RACE discrimination, BUREAUCRACY, ALCOHOLISM, HISTORY, GOVERNMENT policy

مصطلحات جغرافية: SOUTH Africa

مستخلص: The connection between ideologies of nation, alcohol abuse, and social engineering have not received systematic attention from historians. This article offers a case-study from the history of apartheid South Africa. Working around a fragment of apartheid history, a bureaucratic panic that excessive white drinking threatened the stability of the racial order, it explores geneaologies of state responses to white drinking in South Africa. It then concentrates on the role of Geoffrey Cronje, an intellectual / bureaucrat who not only drove the panic but then used it to implement new forms of social engineering in white South African society. Drawing on penal and welfarist traditions as well as medical models of treatment, he introduced a system for the discipline and correction of whites who drank heavily that drew on both state and private resources. I examine how the defiance of those incarcerated for drinking helped shaped subsequent, lighter-handed responses that managed the drinking of greater numbers of whites. This article may provide avenues for investigating alcohol abuse, state intervention, and social engineering in a range of mid-twentieth-century societies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

: Copyright of Historical Journal is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: VAN WAARDEN, BETTO

المصدر: Canadian Journal of Political Science / Revue Canadienne de Science Politique; Sep2015, Vol. 48 Issue 3, p625-645, 21p

مصطلحات موضوعية: DEMOCRACY, POLITICAL philosophy, CIVIL service, EMPLOYEE recruitment -- Social aspects, BUREAUCRACY -- Social aspects, EXPERTISE -- Social aspects, NINETEENTH century, HISTORY, POLITICAL attitudes

People: MILL, John Stuart, 1806-1873

Abstract (English): As a civil servant in the East India Company and witness to government expansion and reorganization in the mid-nineteenth century, John Stuart Mill developed an interest in civil service reform. In an essay supporting the 1854 Northcote-Trevelyan Report and his later political treatises, Mill argued for competitive civil service recruitment. These writings have been relatively neglected by Mill scholars, but I posit that they elucidate a contested aspect of his theory. Mill advocated democracy and expert bureaucracy and, although researchers see tension between these systems, I argue that Mill saw them as compatible. Consequently, Mill's theory might be more consistent and complete than many believe, and the public administration debate should perhaps no longer be seen in terms of an opposition between expertise and democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract (French): En tant que fonctionnaire à la Compagnie des Indes orientales et comme témoin de l'expansion et de la réorganisation du gouvernement au milieu du XIXe siècle, John Stuart Mill a développé un intérêt pour la réforme de la fonction publique. Dans un essai soutenant le rapport Northcote-Trevelyan de 1854 et ses traités politiques ultérieurs, Mill a plaidé pour le recrutement concurrentiel de la fonction publique. Ces écrits ont été relativement négligés par les chercheurs, mais, selon moi, ils clarifient un aspect contesté de sa théorie. Mill a préconisé la démocratie et la bureaucratie d'experts et, bien que les chercheurs relèvent une contradiction entre ces systèmes, je soutiens que Mill les considérait comme compatibles. Par conséquent, la théorie de Mill pourrait être plus cohérente et plus complète que d'aucuns le croient, et le débat sur l'administration publique ne devrait peut-être plus être vu comme une opposition entre l'expertise et la démocratie. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Samuel Bagg

مصطلحات موضوعية: History, Polymers and Plastics, media_common.quotation_subject, General Social Sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Power (social and political), Philosophy, State capture, State (polity), Accountability, Vesting, Bureaucracy, Business, Business and International Management, Heuristics, Centralized government, media_common, Law and economics

الوصف: Contemporary critics of the administrative state are right to highlight the dangers of vesting too much power in a centralized bureaucracy removed from popular oversight and accountability. Too often neglected in this literature, however, are the dangers of vesting too little power in a centralized state, which enables dominant groups to further expand their social and economic advantages through decentralized means. This article seeks to synthesize these concerns, understanding them as reflecting the same underlying danger of state capture. It then articulates a set of heuristics for the design of public and administrative institutions, which aim at minimizing the risks of capture from both public and private sources. By following these heuristics, it claims, we can successfully employ the administrative state as a weapon against concentrated private power, rather than allowing it to serve as a tool of dominant groups.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::5aa34e568db67817b6fbd7e53c9a015f
https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9e0aa997-8da5-450f-bc2d-473af5533672

المؤلفون: Ueda, Shin’ya

المصدر: Journal of Southeast Asian Studies; Jun2015, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p246-273, 28p

مصطلحات موضوعية: VIETNAMESE economy, LATER Le dynasty, Vietnam, 1428-1787, MILITARY history, VIETNAMESE history, BUREAUCRACY, VIETNAMESE politics & government, HISTORY

مستخلص: After the restoration of the Lê dynasty, the Red River delta region was flooded with military men who set up and controlled irregular departments from the end of the sixteenth to the first half of the seventeenth century. The imperial administration became a shell during the Lê-Trịnh period, with the Trịnh Lords as de facto rulers who constructed their own parallel government on the basis of these local departments. This analysis of contemporary inscriptions indicates that the Trịnh Lords subsequently expanded their administration and secured their rule by absorbing large numbers of Red River delta literati, while retaining many eunuchs in influential financial and military roles. Overall, the Trịnh bureaucracy, comprising of the Lục Phiên and Lục Cung, was a kind of financial organisation combined with a military district system because it harnessed the existing military organisation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

: Copyright of Journal of Southeast Asian Studies is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: MAIORANO, DIEGO

المصدر: Modern Asian Studies; Sep2014, Vol. 48 Issue 5, p1389-1434, 46p

مصطلحات موضوعية: POLITICS & government of India, POLITICAL change, POLITICAL parties, BUREAUCRACY, PUBLIC administration, HISTORY

مصطلحات جغرافية: INDIA

People: GANDHI, Indira, 1917-1984

مستخلص: In 1989 India's political system underwent a process of profound change which affected the entire institutional setup of the country. Power was radically redistributed—it began to flow from the central government to the states, and from the Prime Minister's Office to the other institutions of the state. By analysing the severe institutional crisis which occurred during Mrs Gandhi's final term in office, this paper seeks to show how state institutions worked on the eve of such a redrawing of India's institutional setup. In addition, an effort is made to link the working of India's institutions to the configuration of the party system, thus stressing the importance of political dynamics in the functioning of parliamentary democracies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

: Copyright of Modern Asian Studies is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Philippa Hoskin, Elizabeth New

مصطلحات موضوعية: Seal (emblem), V130 Medieval History, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, History, 060102 archaeology, Visual Arts and Performing Arts, media_common.quotation_subject, 06 humanities and the arts, Art, 01 natural sciences, Livery, Visual arts, Impression, Identity (philosophy), 0601 history and archaeology, Bureaucracy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common

الوصف: This paper presents the results of a case study of wax seals dated between 1225 and 1250 from St Ethelbert’s Hospital, Hereford. When medieval matrices were impressed into soft wax, handprints were often left on the reverse of the seal. The use of modern forensic techniques to capture and compare these prints provides evidence about the process of sealing and its relationship to the individual matrix owner. Seals with the same print on the reverse could be impressed with different matrices, and impressions of the same matrix have different prints on the reverse. The impressing of the matrix was not, then, as has been claimed, the responsibility of the matrix owner as the only way to impress their identity into the wax. This evidence allows a reappraisal of administrative developments in sealing, and the separation of the process of sealing from both the performance of livery of seisin and the seal owner.

وصف الملف: application/rtf

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::37e6d529836a32b3d0586155ea3a4643