المؤلفون: Andrien, Kenneth J

المصدر: Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture. 2008, v. 3, p34-42.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Conquerors, Exports, Spanish colonies, Spanish history, Public administration, Ecuadorians, Mills, Textile industry, Economic reform, Indigenous peoples, Ecuadorian history, Autonomy (Political science), Spanish colonialism, Trade policy, Organizational structure, Social conditions, Economic conditions, Economic policy, Free trade

الوصف: Conquest through Independence When the Spanish armies of Sebastián de Belalcázar invaded the north Andes in 1533, the region had already undergone fifty years of turmoil. The Inca Empire (Tawantinsuyu) [...]

المؤلفون: Woodward, Ralph Lee

المصدر: Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture. 2008, v. 1, p461-464.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Steamboats, Exports, Bananas, Fruit trade

الوصف: Banana Industry The rise of oceangoing steamships during the latter third of the nineteenth century stimulated banana exports from the Caribbean region to the United States and Europe, and later [...]

المصدر: New Encyclopedia of Africa. 2008, v. 2, p164-174.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Exports, Inflation (Economics), African history, International trade, Economic history, Mining industry, Slave trade, Structural adjustment (Economic policy), Colonialism, Agricultural economics, Domestication, Postcolonialism, Export duties, Economic development, Tariffs, Subsistence economy

الوصف: Economic History Because of Africa’s extensive and often notorious involvement in international circuits of trade, colonialism and postcolonial crisis, economics has always played a role in accounts of the continent’s [...]

المؤلفون: Sowell, David

المصدر: Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture. 2008, v. 2, p497-510.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Colombian foreign relations, Politics, Revolutions, Coffee industry, Political reform, Political systems, Autonomy (Political science), Rural areas, Urbanization, Regionalism, Strikes, Social structure, United States foreign relations, Exports, Cocaine trade, Violence, Constitutions, Economic reform, Guerrillas, Political parties, Marijuana trade, Economic conditions, Bipartisanship (Politics), Agriculture, Colombian history

الوصف: Since Independence Leading citizens of Cartagena, Pamplona, Socorro, Bogotá, and other provincial towns initiated the movement toward Colombian independence in 1810. The power struggle of the Patria Boba (Foolish Fatherland) [...]

المؤلفون: Mamalakis, Markos J

المصدر: Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture. 2008, v. 3, p273-284.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Exports, Latin American history, Trade agreements, Commodities, Protectionism, International trade, Imports, International economic relations, Trade policy, Merchandising, Economic conditions, Free trade

الوصف: Foreign Trade Countries trade with one another to obtain goods and services that are of better quality than, less expensive than, or simply different from, those produced at home. Since [...]

المؤلفون: Falcoff, Mark, Crites, Byron

المصدر: Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture. 2008, v. 1, p265-278.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Economic stagnation, Trade agreements, International trade, Peronism, Political systems, Domestic policy, Military government, International economic relations, Argentine foreign relations, Exports, Global economy, Political parties, Argentine history, Political movements, Economic development

الوصف: The Twentieth Century Argentina's position in the global economic order frames its trajectory during the twentieth century. Through lucrative agriculture exports to Europe, in the early 1910s Argentina ranked as [...]

المؤلفون: Jacobsen, Nils

المصدر: Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture. 2008, v. 1, p46-60.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Industrial productivity, Climate change, Food crops, Exports, Prices, Pre-Columbian civilizations, International trade, Land reform, Supply and demand, Indigenous peoples, Human settlements, Globalization, Spanish colonialism, Slavery, Latin American history, 1500-1850, Ethnic groups, Sugar industry, Agriculture, Labor force

الوصف: Agriculture Latin America's variety of habitats—from polar to tropical climates, deserts to rain forests, highly fertile plains to shallow-soil high-altitude slopes and valleys—has given rise to diverse styles of agriculture. [...]

المؤلفون: Dhamija, Jasleen

المصدر: Encyclopedia of India. 2006, v. 4, p157-160.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Dyeing, Textile printing, Exports, Textile painting

الوصف: T E P P India's mastery over permanent dyes can be traced back to Harappan civilization (3000 ) with the discovery of a fine cotton fragment dyed with mordants, attached [...]

المؤلفون: Ramsing, Kenneth D

المصدر: Encyclopedia of Modern Asia. 2002, v. 5, p454-457.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Exports, International trade, Economic history, Economic systems, Economic development, Financial crises, Gross national product

الوصف: THAILAND—ECONOMIC SYSTEM Although Thailand is the only Southeast Asian country never to have been colonized, it has had a long history of international dealings and trade with other countries that [...]

المؤلفون: Betz, Joachim

المصدر: Encyclopedia of Modern Asia. 2002, v. 5, p318-321.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Exports, Social reform, Open economy, Foreign investments, Economic development, Economic policy

الوصف: SRI LANKA—ECONOMIC SYSTEM Sri Lanka is a relatively poor country, although a per capita income of $3,250 (2000 est.) makes it a lower-middle-income nation. Some 22 percent of the population [...]