المؤلفون: Inglese, Guglielmo, Verstraete, Jean-Christophe

المصدر: STUF: Language Typology & Universals; Jul2023, Vol. 76 Issue 2, p235-265, 31p

مصطلحات موضوعية: HUMAN voice, VALENCE (Chemistry), VERBS, LANGUAGE & languages

مستخلص: Middle voice systems are characterized by the distribution of a middle marker over two macro-classes of verbs: oppositional and non-oppositional verbs. In diachronic studies, it has been proposed that the historical link between the two groups is unidirectional, with middle marking spreading from oppositional to non-oppositional verbs. In this paper, we challenge this assumption and discuss two case studies, one from Anatolian and one from Paman languages that show the opposite development, that is, from non-oppositional to oppositional. In both cases, we argue, constructions that originally had a lexically determined distribution develop grammatical functions connected with valency reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Inglese, Guglielmo, Sansò, Andrea

المصدر: STUF: Language Typology & Universals; Jul2023, Vol. 76 Issue 2, p113-120, 8p

مصطلحات موضوعية: HUMAN voice

مستخلص: Much of the typological research on the middle voice has so far largely focused on the cross-linguistic definition and status of the middle as a voice category and its relationship to other voice operations such as reflexives and passives. Diachronic research on the middle, especially in a cross-linguistic perspective, remains to these days comparatively marginal. Overall, the existing studies have argued that middle markers generally originate from reflexive markers, and that the reflexive > middle diachronic path is unidirectional. This special issue collects a number of papers that address the diachrony of middle markers cross-linguistically, with the goal of either contributing to refine our understanding of already known diachronic pathways leading to middle markers or challenging assumptions on their possible historical sources (which go well beyond reflexives only) and the purported unidirectionality in their development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Inglese, Guglielmo

المصدر: Linguistic Typology; Oct2022, Vol. 26 Issue 3, p489-531, 43p

مصطلحات موضوعية: MIDDLE voice (Grammar), LINGUISTIC typology, VERBALS (Grammar), VERBS, REFLEXIVES (Grammar)

مستخلص: The middle voice is a notoriously controversial typological notion. Building on previous work (e.g. Kemmer, Suzanne. 1993. The middle voice. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins), in this paper I propose a new working definition of middle markers as inherently polyfunctional constructions which are partly associated with valency change in opposition to bivalent (or more) verbs and partly lexically obligatory with monovalent verbs. Based on this definition, the paper undertakes a systematic survey of 149 middle voice constructions in a sample of 129 middle-marking languages. Evidence from the sample shows that middle voice systems display a much richer variation in forms and functions than is reported in the literature. This richer empirical evidence challenges some of the mainstream views on middle marking, especially its purported connection with reflexivity and grooming-type events, and calls for an overall rethinking of the typology of the middle voice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Inglese, Guglielmo

المصدر: Folia Linguistica; Aug2022, Vol. 56 Issue 2, p239-271, 33p

مصطلحات موضوعية: COMPLEMENTARITY (International law), REFLEXIVES (Grammar), MIDDLE voice (Grammar), VOICE (Grammar)

مستخلص: Middle voice markers are highly polyfunctional items that, among other things, also perform a range of valency-changing operations such as anticausativization and reflexivization. Typological research has shown that individual markers display a great deal of variation with respect to their inventory of functions. Explaining this variation remains a key question that a comprehensive typology of middle markers needs to address. We now know that only a sub-set of the possible polyfunctionality patterns is actually attested and that existing patterns often represent the result of specific grammaticalization processes. In this paper, I explore yet another possible factor, that is, the interaction between middle markers and other valency-changing constructions within the same language. Based on a study of 129 middle-marking languages, I single out two recurrent patterns, that is, complementarity and competition, and argue that their study offers crucial insights in explaining the synchronic polyfunctionality of middle markers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Inglese, Guglielmo

المصدر: Folia Linguistica; Nov2023, Vol. 57 Issue 3, p771-776, 6p

مصطلحات موضوعية: LINGUISTICS, SPANISH language, NONFICTION

Reviews & Products: MIDDLE Voice & Connected Constructions in Ibero-Romance: A Variationist & Dialectal Account, The (Book)

People: DE Benito Moreno, Carlota

المؤلفون: Luraghi, Silvia, Inglese, Guglielmo, Kölligan, Daniel

المصدر: Folia Linguistica; 2021 Supplement 2, Vol. 55, p339-391, 53p

مصطلحات موضوعية: INDO-European languages, LANGUAGE & languages, GERMANIC languages, VERBS, LINGUISTICS, GRAMMATICALIZATION

مستخلص: The IE languages developed different strategies for the encoding of the passive function. In some language branches, the middle voice extended to the passive function to varying extents. In addition, dedicated derivational formations arose in a number of languages, such as the Greek -ē-/-thē- aorist and the Indo-Aryan -ya-presents. Periphrastic formations involving a verbal adjective or a participle are also widely attested, and played an important role in the building of the passive paradigm in e.g. Romance and Germanic languages. As the periphrastic passive is also attested in Hittite alongside passive use of the middle, both strategies seem to be equally ancient. Some minor strategies include lexical passives and the extensive lability of verbs. A survey of possible strategies provides evidence for the rise of a disparate number of morphemes and constructions, and for their ongoing incorporation into the inflectional paradigms (paradigmaticization) of given languages, thus adding to our knowledge about cross-linguistic sources of passive morphology and grammaticalization processes involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Inglese, Guglielmo, Zanchi, Chiara

المصدر: Folia Linguistica; 2020 Supplement, Vol. 54, p117-170, 54p

مصطلحات موضوعية: CORPORA, HISTORICAL linguistics, MIDDLE voice (Grammar), RECIPROCALS (Grammar), GREEK language

مستخلص: Ancient Greek features a wide array of means to encode reciprocity. Even though reference grammars do mention most of these strategies, they have not been brought together and compared in a systematic way so far. In this paper, we provide a thorough corpus-based description of the three most widespread reciprocal markers in Homeric Greek: the pronoun allḗlōn, the middle voice, and the use of preverbs. Our analysis is couched within current descriptive models of reciprocal constructions developed in linguistic typology. As we argue, Homeric Greek offers a remarkably complex picture, whereby these strategies synchronically cover different semantic and syntactic sub-domains of reciprocity, and thus partly stand in complementary distribution. Already in Homer, the pronoun allḗlōn is the most productive marker of reciprocal situations, with the middle voice and preverbs playing a more limited role. By adopting a diachronic perspective, we also show that this distribution can partly be explained as the result of the different historical sources of each construction. Moreover, once properly scrutinized, the facts of Homeric Greek provide interesting cues as to the developments of reciprocal constructions in later stages of Greek. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Inglese, Guglielmo, Mattiola, Simone

المصدر: STUF: Language Typology & Universals; Jul2020, Vol. 73 Issue 2, p261-303, 43p

مصطلحات موضوعية: VERBS, SCHOLARS, ENCODING, CONSTRUCTION, EXPLANATION

مستخلص: Hittite features three derivational suffixes, i.e., -ške/a-, -šša-, and -anna/i-, that attach to verbs and are commonly described as expressing a number of imperfective-like functions. So far, the distribution and use of these suffixes has defied a satisfactory explanation. Whereas some scholars argue that they operate within the domain of lexical aspect, others view them as associated with the encoding of grammatical imperfective aspect. In this paper, we focus on the interpretation of -ške/a- and argue that a better understanding of the nature of this suffix can be achieved if one frames its description within the typology of pluractional constructions. As we show, the range of polyfunctionality of -ške/a- fully complies with the cross-linguistic behavior of pluractional markers. We also provide a tentative diachronic scenario that accounts for the rise of such polyfunctionality out of the original semantic core of the suffix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Inglese, Guglielmo, Rizzo, Giuseppe, Pflugmacher, Miriam

المصدر: Indogermanische Forschungen: Zeitschrift für Indogermanistik und allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft; Sep2019, Vol. 124 Issue 1, p137-170, 34p

مصطلحات موضوعية: INDO-European languages, CORPORA

مستخلص: The occurrence of referential Null Objects (NOs) is a recurrent syntactic feature of ancient Indo-European languages. As previous scholars have remarked, different conditions license the occurrence of NOs in individual languages. In Hittite, the occurrence of NOs has already been observed in reference works, but a systematic account of this phenomenon is still a desideratum. In this paper, we provide a thorough corpus-based study of NOs in a corpus of Old Hittite texts. By means of quantitative data, we illustrate the frequency of NOs in various contexts, and highlight their co-occurrence with sentence connectives, chiefly with ta. We also take into account other parameters that influence the occurrence of NOs. Our analysis shows that in Hittite NOs display a connection with inanimate and less individuated referents and seem to be driven by discourse rather than by syntactic motivations. In addition, textual genre also seems to play role, and we suggest that NOs constitute a feature of the technical language of festivals and ritual texts. Finally, we sketch a possible diachronic scenario that explains the observed distribution of NOs, and argue that Old Hittite attests a phase of ongoing change whereby NOs were being progressively replaced by clitic object pronouns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Inglese, Guglielmo, Geupel, Ulrich

المصدر: Folia Linguistica; 2018 Supplement, Vol. 52, p225-252, 28p, 1 Diagram, 8 Charts

مصطلحات موضوعية: SANSKRIT language, SYNCHRONIC linguistics, HISTORICAL linguistics, CURIOSITIES & wonders, SEMANTICS

مستخلص: This paper provides a new description of nominal compounds featuring the noun ādi- ‘beginning’ in Sanskrit. When used as second member of a compound, ādi- is commonly translated as ‘etcetera’ and the resulting compound displays a number of semantic and morphological oddities, as observed in reference grammars. Based on a thorough corpus analysis, we show that ādi-compounds are in fact associated with different functions, and that among other things they can be employed for the task of on-line categorization. Specifically, we argue that they can also encode ad hoc categories. In the second part of the paper, we describe the diachronic process whereby ādi-compounds developed into ad hoc category markers. In so doing, we adopt the perspective of constructionalization and suggest, against the traditional analysis of these forms as compounds, that when meaning ‘etcetera’, ādi- behaves as an affixoid. In this respect, the findings of this paper contribute to the general understanding of the diachronic typology of ad hoc category markers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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