المؤلفون: Niklas Köke, Maximilian Greif, Thorsten Rößler, Michael Pütz, Tobias Frömel, Thomas P. Knepper

المصدر: Talanta Open, Vol 5, Iss , Pp 100104- (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Amphetamine-type stimulants, Synthesis waste, Biotransformation, HPLC-HRMS, Transformation products, Analytical chemistry, QD71-142

الوصف: Environmental impact of toxic and corrosive synthesis waste generated by the clandestine production of amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) is a known problem, which can even result in malfunction of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), e. g. in case of illegal discharge of large amounts of highly acidic chemical waste into the sewage system, which is generated in clandestine labs converting pre-precursors to the most prevalent ATS precursor benzyl methyl ketone (BMK). ATS synthesis-specific substances, precursor chemicals, intermediates and route-specific by-products may also support wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) studies to explain abnormally high loads of drugs in wastewater by distinguishing whether these high loads were caused by consumption or disposal of synthesis waste into the sewage system. Although some of these synthesis-specific substances can be detected in traces in the final form of consumption of the product, these substances are removed from the drug product to a large extent during cleaning steps, e.g. the frequently applied steam distillation step to purify the amphetamine raw base after clandestine Leuckart synthesis. In contrast, these synthesis-specific by-products are very prominent in chemical synthesis wastes, whereby their detection in wastewater would prove a disposal of synthesis wastes instead of excretion after drug product consumption. As a prerequisite, such substances need to exhibit a certain chemical and biological stability in wastewater and, therefore, lab-scale experiments were performed in a mixture of WWTP effluent and activated sludge. Fourteen selected synthesis-specific substances, all related to the production of ATS, comprised pre-precursors (e.g. α-phenylacetoacetonitrile (APAAN) or α-phenylacetoacetamide (APAA)), precursors (e.g. BMK), intermediates (e.g. N-formylamphetamine (NFA)), synthesis by-products (e.g. N,N-di-(β-phenylisopropyl)amine (DPIA)) and final products (e.g. amphetamine (AMPH)). Stability of test substances was evaluated by targeted HPLC-MS/MS analysis, while HPLC-HRMS techniques were used for the identification of transformation products (TPs) of substances that have undergone primary degradation. All substances were detectable for five days minimum and seven out of 14 substances underwent at least primary degradation. A total of three TPs were identified: TP164 was formed by oxidation of ephedrine (EPHE) and was further transformed after maximum formation, while TP180-1 and TP180-2 were formed by reduction of APAA and both remained stable. This is the first study investigating the stability of ATS synthesis-specific substances in wastewater demonstrating sufficient stability for wastewater monitoring studies.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666831922000236; https://doaj.org/toc/2666-8319

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/c523014b5b1d412a9673aaf703312b50

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المؤلفون: Martin Wiedemann, Christian Hühne, Hardy Köke, Klaus Rohwer, L. Weiíß

مصطلحات موضوعية: Funktionsleichtbau, Materials science, business.industry, Buckling, Z-section column, Applied Mathematics, Composite number, General Engineering, Structural analysis, Structural engineering, Kinematics, Flange, Deformation (meteorology), Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Finite element method, Fuselage, Sensitivity (control systems), business, Analysis, Aerospace

الوصف: In this paper the correlation of deformation energy and critical buckling loads is examined. An advanced analysis technique is derived for the investigation of z-section frames typically applied in composite aircraft fuselage. This technique is verified through closed form solutions of z-section columns under quasi-static loading conditions. The method is applied to study the effects of flange width and laminate thickness on the critical failure modes of composite frames. Therein, the focus is on composite structural elements favourable for deformation kinematics in aerospace applications subjected to crash loads. HighlightsAn advanced analysis technique for the buckling of composite z-frames is presented.A reliable model is established by analytical verification and a sensitivity study.A framework for automated analyses and data processing is configured.The method is applied to quantify deformation energy at the critical buckling load.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::10a1ab2dff6a56061fd34601ef7c7c79
http://elib.dlr.de/95584/

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المؤلفون: jo nijs, Nathalie Roussel, Wilgen, C. P., Smeets, R. J. P., Köke A.

المساهمون: Rehabilitation Research, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Special Physiology of Physical Education, Pain in Motion, Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy

المصدر: Vrije Universiteit Brussel

مصطلحات موضوعية: Thinking beyond muscles and joints

الوصف: It is well established that the biomedical model falls short in explaining chronic musculoskeletal pain. Although many musculoskeletal therapists have moved on in their thinking and apply a broad biopsychosocial view with regard to chronic pain disorders, the majority of clinicians have received a biomedical-focused training/education. Such a biomedical training is likely to influence the therapists' attitudes and core beliefs toward chronic musculoskeletal pain. Therapists should be aware of the impact of their own attitudes and beliefs on the patient's attitudes and beliefs. As patient's attitudes and beliefs influence treatment adherence, musculoskeletal therapists should be aware that focusing on the biomedical model for chronic musculoskeletal pain is likely to result in poor compliance with evidence based treatment guidelines, less treatment adherence and a poorer treatment outcome. Here, we provide clinicians with a 5-step approach toward effective and evidence-based care for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. The starting point entails self-reflection: musculoskeletal therapists can easily self-assess their attitudes and beliefs regarding chronic musculoskeletal pain. Once the therapist holds evidence-based attitudes and beliefs regarding chronic musculoskeletal pain, assessing patients' attitudes and beliefs will be the natural next step. Such information can be integrated in the clinical reasoning process, which in turn results in individually-tailored treatment programs that specifically address the patients' attitudes and beliefs in order to improve treatment adherence and outcome.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=dedup_wf_001::265e6516e08253b1e777fcc175b1e9b8
https://biblio.vub.ac.be/vubir/thinking-beyond-muscles-and-joints-therapists-and-patients-attitudes-and-beliefs-regarding-chronic-musculoskeletal-pain-are-key-to-applying-effective-treatment(04dbf0b1-20f4-4850-b155-ea42c3f3435a).html

المؤلفون: Nijs J; Chronic Pain and Chronic Fatigue Research Group (CHROPIVER), Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, and Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, University Hospital Brussels, Belgium. Jo.Nijs@vub.ac.be, Roussel N, Paul van Wilgen C, Köke A, Smeets R

المصدر: Manual therapy [Man Ther] 2013 Apr; Vol. 18 (2), pp. 96-102. Date of Electronic Publication: 2012 Dec 28.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Scotland NLM ID: 9610924 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1532-2769 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1356689X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Man Ther Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Attitude of Health Personnel* , Attitude to Health*, Chronic Pain/*psychology , Chronic Pain/*therapy , Musculoskeletal Pain/*psychology , Musculoskeletal Pain/*therapy , Patients/*psychology , Physical Therapists/*psychology, Health Behavior ; Humans ; Pain Management ; Pain Measurement ; Patient Education as Topic ; Professional Competence ; Professional-Patient Relations ; Social Support

مستخلص: It is well established that the biomedical model falls short in explaining chronic musculoskeletal pain. Although many musculoskeletal therapists have moved on in their thinking and apply a broad biopsychosocial view with regard to chronic pain disorders, the majority of clinicians have received a biomedical-focused training/education. Such a biomedical training is likely to influence the therapists' attitudes and core beliefs toward chronic musculoskeletal pain. Therapists should be aware of the impact of their own attitudes and beliefs on the patient's attitudes and beliefs. As patient's attitudes and beliefs influence treatment adherence, musculoskeletal therapists should be aware that focusing on the biomedical model for chronic musculoskeletal pain is likely to result in poor compliance with evidence based treatment guidelines, less treatment adherence and a poorer treatment outcome. Here, we provide clinicians with a 5-step approach toward effective and evidence-based care for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. The starting point entails self-reflection: musculoskeletal therapists can easily self-assess their attitudes and beliefs regarding chronic musculoskeletal pain. Once the therapist holds evidence-based attitudes and beliefs regarding chronic musculoskeletal pain, assessing patients' attitudes and beliefs will be the natural next step. Such information can be integrated in the clinical reasoning process, which in turn results in individually-tailored treatment programs that specifically address the patients' attitudes and beliefs in order to improve treatment adherence and outcome.
(Crown Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

المؤلفون: Beurskens AJ; Department of Epidemiology, University of Limburg, Maastricht, Netherlands., de Vet HC, Köke AJ, Lindeman E, Regtop W, van der Heijden GJ, Knipschild PG

المصدر: Lancet (London, England) [Lancet] 1995 Dec 16; Vol. 346 (8990), pp. 1596-600.

نوع المنشور: Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 2985213R Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 0140-6736 (Print) Linking ISSN: 01406736 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Lancet Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Traction*, Low Back Pain/*therapy, Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male

مستخلص: Previous trials to assess the efficacy of lumbar traction for back pain have been methodologically flawed. To avoid these shortcomings, we conducted a randomised controlled trial in which high-dose traction was compared with sham traction. The sham traction was given with a specially developed brace that tightens in the back during traction. To the patient, the experience is that of traction. The patients and outcome assessor were blinded for the assigned treatment. 151 patients with at least six weeks of non-specific low back pain were randomised. Intention to treat analysis showed no differences between the groups on all outcome measures (patients' global perceived effect, severity of main complaints, functional status and pain); all 95% confidence intervals included the value zero. The number of withdrawals from treatment, loss to follow-up, and protocol deviations was low. Consequently, the per-protocol analysis showed results similar to the intention to treat analysis. Subgroup analyses did not show any group for which traction might seem promising. Our data do not support the claim that traction is effective for patients with low back pain.