المؤلفون: Rahman N; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; McMaster Immunology Research Center, Michael G. DeGroote Center for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada., Mian MF; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; McMaster Immunology Research Center, Michael G. DeGroote Center for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada., Nazli A; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; McMaster Immunology Research Center, Michael G. DeGroote Center for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada., Kaushic C; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; McMaster Immunology Research Center, Michael G. DeGroote Center for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.

المصدر: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology [Front Cell Infect Microbiol] 2023 Dec 13; Vol. 13, pp. 1307451. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Dec 13 (Print Publication: 2023).

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Frontiers Media SA Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101585359 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2235-2988 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 22352988 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Cell Infect Microbiol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Microbiota* , Limosilactobacillus reuteri*, Humans ; Female ; Animals ; Mice ; Progesterone ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Vagina/microbiology ; Lactobacillus ; Bacteria ; Disease Models, Animal ; Estradiol ; Glycogen

مستخلص: Introduction: Clinically, a Lactobacillus rich vaginal microbiota (VMB) is considered optimal for reproductive outcomes, while a VMB populated by anaerobes is associated with dysbiosis and the clinical condition bacterial vaginosis (BV), which is linked to increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections and adverse reproductive outcomes. Mouse models that mimic eubiotic and dysbiotic VMB are currently lacking but could play a critical role in improving protective interventions.
Methods: In this study, probiotic, eubiotic, and dysbiotic models were developed in C57BL/6 mice, using probiotic strains Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14, eubiotic Lactobacillus crispatus , or dysbiotic Gardnerella vaginalis strains. Endogenous sex hormones were manipulated by either ovariectomizing (OVX) mice or administering 17β-estradiol or progesterone pellets in OVX mice. Hormone-altered mice were inoculated with probiotic Lactobacillus species, L. crispatus , or G. vaginalis , and colonization was tracked using quantitative plating assays. Glycogen and MUC-1 levels in hormone-treated mice were determined with ELISA and MUC-1 staining.
Results: Following a single administration, L. rhamnosus and L. reuteri persisted in the mouse vaginal tract for up to eight days, L. crispatus persisted for up to three days, and G. vaginalis persisted for up to two days, as measured by quantitative plating assays and qPCR. Colonization of G. vaginalis was facilitated by the presence of mucin. The lack of endogenous hormones in OVX mice dramatically decreased VMB bacterial load compared to normal mice. None of the exogenous bacteria including Lactobacilli could colonize OVX mice for more than 24 hours. Treatment with 17β-estradiol but not progesterone restored the endogenous VMB and colonization with Lactobacilli and G. vaginalis . Interestingly, 17β-estradiol treated mice had significantly increased levels of glycogen compared to OVX and progesterone-treated mice.
Discussion: Based on the results, we have shown that estrogen played a significant role in the ability for human VMB species to colonize in our mouse models, potentially through a glycogen mediated mechanism. These results suggest there is a dynamic interaction between sex hormones and the VMB, which can affect bacterial diversity and the ability for a VMB to colonize.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
(Copyright © 2023 Rahman, Mian, Nazli and Kaushic.)

المؤلفون: Shen L; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changning Maternity & Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai, China.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China., Zhang W; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiaozuo Fifth People's Hospital, Jiaozuo, China., Yuan Y; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China., Zhu W; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China., Shang A; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.

المصدر: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology [Front Cell Infect Microbiol] 2022 Jul 22; Vol. 12, pp. 959793. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jul 22 (Print Publication: 2022).

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Review; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Frontiers Media SA Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101585359 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2235-2988 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 22352988 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Cell Infect Microbiol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Microbiota* , Progesterone*, Estrogens ; Female ; Glycogen ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Vagina

مستخلص: The vaginal microbiota, the host endocrine system, the vaginal anatomy, and the local mucosal immunity comprise the vaginal microbiota, which interacts with each other to maintain the balance of the vaginal microbiota, which maintains female reproductive health. Puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause are four phases women go through during their reproductive and post-reproductive years. Vaginal microbiota composition and abundance are heavily influenced by estrogen and progesterone, which start at puberty and continue during the reproductive years in a dynamic balance with some fluctuations. Estrogen promotes proliferation of vaginal epithelial cells and increases glycogen storage, while progesterone lyses vaginal epithelial cells, facilitating the release of glycogen to maintain normal pH. This review summarizes the latest national and international evidence on the composition and distribution of vaginal microecology in women during different physiological and pathological periods and proposes a hormone-driven microbial diversity hypothesis to explain the temporal patterns of vaginal microbial diversity during the female reproductive cycle and menopause. A relatively balanced vaginal microecological system has a positive effect on the maintenance of female health. An imbalance in the ratio of flora can lead to susceptibility to infections or reproductive complications. The study of human microecology and its role in the development and progression of human disease is essential for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of related obstetric and gynecologic conditions.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
(Copyright © 2022 Shen, Zhang, Yuan, Zhu and Shang.)

المؤلفون: Hammouda ZK; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt., Wasfi R; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt., Abdeltawab NF; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

المصدر: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology [Front Cell Infect Microbiol] 2023 Mar 13; Vol. 13, pp. 1147585. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Mar 13 (Print Publication: 2023).

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Frontiers Media SA Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101585359 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2235-2988 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 22352988 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Cell Infect Microbiol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Gastrointestinal Microbiome*/physiology, Humans ; Escherichia coli ; Caco-2 Cells ; Progesterone ; Thyroxine/pharmacology ; Bacteria ; Biofilms ; Fatty Acids, Volatile

مستخلص: Many studies have reported the influence of hormonal drugs on gut microbiota composition. However, the underlying mechanism of this interaction is still under study. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the possible in vitro changes in selected members of gut bacteria exposed to oral hormonal drugs used for years. Selected members of gut bacteria were Bifidobacterium longum, Limosilactobacillus reuteri , Bacteroides fragilis, and Escherichia coli representing the four main phyla in the gut. Selected hormonal drugs used for a long time were estradiol, progesterone, and thyroxine. The effect of intestinal concentrations of these drugs on the selected bacterial growth, biofilm formation, and adherence to Caco-2/HT-29 cell line was assessed. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been included in host functions including the gut, immune and nervous functions; thus, the drug's effects on their production were assayed using High- Performance Liquid Chromatography. Sex steroids significantly increased the growth of all tested bacteria except B. longum , similarly, thyroxine increased the growth of tested Gram-negative bacteria however reducing that of tested Gram-positive bacteria. The effect of drugs on biofilm formation and bacterial adherence to cell lines cocultures was variable. Progesterone decreased the biofilm formation of tested Gram-positive bacteria, it nevertheless increased L. reuteri adherence to Caco-2/HT-29 cell line cell lines coculture. By contrast, progesterone increased biofilm formation by Gram-negative bacteria and increased adherence of B. fragilis to the cell lines coculture. Moreover, thyroxine and estradiol exhibited antibiofilm activity against L. reuteri , while thyroxine increased the ability of E. coli to form a biofilm. Moreover, hormones affected bacterial adherence to cell lines independently of their effect on hydrophobicity suggesting other specific binding factors might contribute to this effect. Tested drugs affected SCFAs production variably, mostly independent of their effect on bacterial growth. In conclusion, our results showed that the microbiota signature associated with some hormonal drug consumption could be the result of the direct effect of these drugs on bacterial growth, and adherence to enterocytes besides the effect of these drugs on the host tissue targets. Additionally, these drugs affect the production of SCFAs which could contribute to some of the side effects of these drugs.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
(Copyright © 2023 Hammouda, Wasfi and Abdeltawab.)

المؤلفون: Gravitte A; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.; Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infection Disease, and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States., Kintner J; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States., Brown S; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States., Cobble A; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States., Kennard B; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States., Hall JV; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.; Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infection Disease, and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.

المصدر: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology [Front Cell Infect Microbiol] 2022 Dec 27; Vol. 12, pp. 939944. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Dec 27 (Print Publication: 2022).

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Frontiers Media SA Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101585359 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2235-2988 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 22352988 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Cell Infect Microbiol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Chlamydia Infections*/microbiology , Estrogen Receptor alpha*/genetics , Estrogen Receptor beta*/genetics, Animals ; Female ; Mice ; Chlamydia muridarum ; Estrogens ; Mice, Knockout ; Progesterone

مستخلص: Genital Chlamydia is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection in the United States and worldwide. Previous studies indicate that the progression of chlamydial infection is influenced by various factors, including the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone. Sex hormone levels naturally fluctuate in women throughout their menstrual cycle. Varying concentrations of estrogen and progesterone may impact the progression of chlamydial infection and the host's immune response to Chlamydia . Estrogen signals through estrogen receptors (ERs), ERα and ERβ. These receptors are similar in structure and function, but are differentially expressed in tissues throughout the body, including the genital tract and on cells of the immune system. In this study, we used ovariectomized (OVT) BALB/c mice to investigate the impact of long-term administration of physiologically relevant concentrations of estrogen (E2), progesterone (P4), or a combination of E2/P4 on the progression of and immune response to C. muridarum infection. Additionally, we used ERα and ERβ knockout C57/BL6 mice to determine the how ERs affect chlamydial infection and the resulting immune response. Estrogen exposure prevented C. muridarum infection in vaginally infected OVT mice exposed to E2 alone or in combination with P4, while OVT or Sham mice exposed to hormone free, P4 or depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate shed similar amounts of chlamydiae. The hormonal environment also altered T cell recruitment and IFNϵ production the genital tracts of infected OVT and Sham mice on day 10 post infection. The absence of ERα, but not ERβ, in ER knockout mouse strains significantly changed the timing of C. muridarum infection. ERαKO mice shed significantly more chlamydiae at day 3 post infection and resolved the infection faster than WT or ERβKO animals. At day 9 post infection, flow cytometry showed that ERαKO mice had more T cells present and targeted RNA sequencing revealed increased expression of CD4 and FOXP3 , suggesting that ERαKO mice had increased numbers of regulatory T cells compared to ERβKO and WT mice. Mock and chlamydia-infected ERαKO mice also expressed more IFNϵ early during infection. Overall, the data from these studies indicate that sex hormones and their receptors, particularly ERα and ERβ, differentially affect C. muridarum infection in murine models of infection.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
(Copyright © 2022 Gravitte, Kintner, Brown, Cobble, Kennard and Hall.)

المؤلفون: Leimert KB; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada., Xu W; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada., Princ MM; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada., Chemtob S; Department of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada., Olson DM; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

المصدر: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology [Front Cell Infect Microbiol] 2021 Aug 19; Vol. 11, pp. 660983. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Aug 19 (Print Publication: 2021).

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Frontiers Media SA Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101585359 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2235-2988 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 22352988 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Cell Infect Microbiol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Labor, Obstetric* , Premature Birth*, Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Inflammation ; Pregnancy ; Progesterone ; Uterus

مستخلص: In preparation for delivery, the uterus transitions from actively maintaining quiescence during pregnancy to an active parturient state. This transition occurs as a result of the accumulation of pro-inflammatory signals which are amplified by positive feedback interactions involving paracrine and autocrine signaling at the level of each intrauterine cell and tissue. The amplification events occur in parallel until they reach a certain threshold, 'tipping the scale' and contributing to processes of uterine activation and functional progesterone withdrawal. The described signaling interactions all occur upstream from the presentation of clinical labor symptoms. In this review, we will: 1) describe the different physiological processes involved in uterine transition for each intrauterine tissue; 2) compare and contrast the current models of labor initiation; 3) introduce innovative models for measuring paracrine inflammatory interactions; and 4) discuss the therapeutic value in identifying and targeting key players in this crucial event for preterm birth.
Competing Interests: DO and SC are founders of Maternica Therapeutics, Inc. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
(Copyright © 2021 Leimert, Xu, Princ, Chemtob and Olson.)

المؤلفون: Nugeyre MT; CEA, Université Paris-Sud, Inserm, U1184 'Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases' (IMVA), IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.; MISTIC Group, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France., Tchitchek N; CEA, Université Paris-Sud, Inserm, U1184 'Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases' (IMVA), IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France., Adapen C; CEA, Université Paris-Sud, Inserm, U1184 'Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases' (IMVA), IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France., Cannou C; CEA, Université Paris-Sud, Inserm, U1184 'Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases' (IMVA), IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.; MISTIC Group, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France., Contreras V; CEA, Université Paris-Sud, Inserm, U1184 'Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases' (IMVA), IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France., Benjelloun F; CEA, Université Paris-Sud, Inserm, U1184 'Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases' (IMVA), IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.; MISTIC Group, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France., Ravel J; Institute for Genome Sciences and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States., Le Grand R; CEA, Université Paris-Sud, Inserm, U1184 'Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases' (IMVA), IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France., Marlin R; CEA, Université Paris-Sud, Inserm, U1184 'Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases' (IMVA), IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France., Menu E; CEA, Université Paris-Sud, Inserm, U1184 'Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases' (IMVA), IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.; MISTIC Group, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.

المصدر: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology [Front Cell Infect Microbiol] 2019 Jun 12; Vol. 9, pp. 188. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Jun 12 (Print Publication: 2019).

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Frontiers Media SA Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101585359 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2235-2988 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 22352988 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Cell Infect Microbiol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Menstrual Cycle* , Microbiota*/genetics, Macaca/*microbiology , Rectum/*microbiology , Vagina/*microbiology, Animals ; Bacteria/classification ; Bacteria/genetics ; Bacteria/isolation & purification ; Dysbiosis ; Female ; Humans ; Models, Animal ; Progesterone/metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics

مستخلص: The composition of the microbiota in cynomolgus macaques is only partially characterized, although this animal model is often used to study pathogenesis and preventive strategies against infections. We thus performed, for the first time, a longitudinal characterization of the vaginal and rectal microbiota of five cycling female cynomolgus macaques. Samples were collected weekly for 15 weeks and the V3/V4 regions of the16S rRNA gene sequenced. Sequences were analyzed with QIIME for OTU detection and taxonomic assignment. Progesterone levels were also determined to evaluate hormonal influence on bacteria relative abundance. The rectal and vaginal bacterial composition in cynomolgus macaques is polymicrobial and clearly distinct, with larger individual variability in the vagina. Rectal microbiota profiles were consistent between animals, whereas they were highly variable and animal-specific in the vagina. In the rectum, the most abundant taxa were Ruminococcaceae, Prevotella , and Clostridiales . In the vagina, the most abundant genera were Sneathia, Porphyromonas, Prevotella , and Fusobacterium . Lactobacillus were found at relative abundances higher than 1% in only one animal and were not predominant. Comparison of the vaginal cynomolgus macaque microbiota with that of humans showed similarity to community state type IV-A usually associated with dysbiosis. In the vagina, the relative abundance of 12 bacterial genera was found to be associated with progesterone levels. Our study provides a detailed characterization of the rectal and vaginal microbiota in female cynomolgus macaques and opens new perspectives of this animal model.

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