المؤلفون: Meza BPL; Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Pollack CE; Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA., Tilchin C; Center for Child and Community Health Research (CCHR), Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA., Jennings JM; Center for Child and Community Health Research (CCHR), Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA., Latkin CA; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA., Cather C; Center of Excellence for Psychosocial and Systematic Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Center for Addiction Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA., Dickerson F; Sheppard Pratt, Baltimore, MD, USA., Evins AE; Center of Excellence for Psychosocial and Systematic Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Center for Addiction Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA., Wang NY; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA., Daumit GL; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA., Yuan C; Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA., Gudzune KA; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

المصدر: Journal of mental health (Abingdon, England) [J Ment Health] 2024 Apr 08, pp. 1-10. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 08.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Informa Healthcare Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9212352 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1360-0567 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09638237 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Ment Health Subsets: MEDLINE

مستخلص: Background: Smoking is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality among individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) and social networks may play an important role in smoking behaviors.
Aims: Our objectives were to (1) describe the network characteristics of adults with SMI who smoke tobacco (2) explore whether network attributes were associated with nicotine dependence.
Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of baseline data from a tobacco smoking cessation intervention trial among 192 participants with SMI. A subgroup ( n  = 75) completed questions on the characteristics of their social network members. The network characteristics included network composition (e.g. proportion who smoke) and network structure (e.g. density of connections between members). We used multilevel models to examine associations with nicotine dependence.
Results: Participant characteristics included: a mean age 50 years, 49% women, 48% Black, and 41% primary diagnosis of schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder. The median personal network proportion of active smokers was 22%, active quitters 0%, and non-smokers 53%. The density of ties between actively smoking network members was greater than between non-smoking members (55% vs 43%, p  = .02). Proportion of network smokers was not associated with nicotine dependence.
Conclusions: We identified potential social network challenges and assets to smoking cessation and implications for network interventions among individuals with SMI.

المؤلفون: Nguyen MX; Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA., Reyes HL; Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA., Pence BW; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA., Muessig KE; Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA., Hutton H; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA., Latkin CA; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA., Dowdy D; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA., Chander G; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA., Lancaster KE; Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA., Frangakis C; Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA., Sripaipan T; Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA., Tran HV; Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA., Go VF; Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

المصدر: AIDS care [AIDS Care] 2023 Nov; Vol. 35 (11), pp. 1691-1699. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Mar 13.

نوع المنشور: Randomized Controlled Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Informa Healthcare Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8915313 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1360-0451 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09540121 NLM ISO Abbreviation: AIDS Care Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: HIV Infections*/therapy , HIV Infections*/psychology , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy*, Humans ; Mental Health ; Vietnam/epidemiology ; Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology ; Alcohol Drinking/psychology ; Depression/therapy ; Depression/diagnosis

مستخلص: We aimed to examine the mediating role of alcohol use in the pathway from the interventions to depression and anxiety symptoms using data from a randomized controlled trial among people living with HIV (PWH) with hazardous alcohol use ( n  = 440) in Thai Nguyen, Vietnam. Participants were randomized into either a combined intervention (CoI), a brief intervention (BI) and a standard of care arm. Both interventions were based on cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational enhancement therapy. Alcohol use was measured as the percentage of days abstinent from alcohol in the last 30 days. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scales. Alcohol use was a significant mediator of the effects of two alcohol interventions on depression symptoms, but not anxiety symptoms. There were significant indirect effects via alcohol use of both interventions on depression symptoms at 12 months (CoI: mean difference (MD) = -0.134; 95%CI: -0.251, -0.035); (BI: MD = -0.141; 95%CI: -0.261, -0.038). There were no significant direct or total effects of the interventions on either symptoms at 12 months. Interventions with a dual focus on mental health and alcohol disorders are needed to determine optimal ways to tackle these common comorbidities among PWH.

المؤلفون: Kane JC; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA., Mauro PM; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA., Hahn JA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Chander G; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA., Tobin KE; Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA., Martins SS; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA., Paniagua-Avila A; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA., Latkin CA; Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.

المصدر: AIDS care [AIDS Care] 2023 Nov; Vol. 35 (11), pp. 1661-1666. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jun 14.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Informa Healthcare Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8915313 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1360-0451 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09540121 NLM ISO Abbreviation: AIDS Care Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: HIV Infections*/complications , HIV Infections*/diagnosis , Physicians*, Adult ; Humans ; Disclosure ; Depression ; Social Stigma ; Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology

مستخلص: Alcohol use among persons living with HIV (PWH) can lead to poor disease outcomes. Disclosure of alcohol consumption to physicians is critical to inform HIV care. HIV stigma is associated with poor care engagement, and this relationship is partially mediated by depression. However, less is known about how HIV stigma and depression affect reporting of alcohol use to care providers. We used baseline data from an HIV intervention trial of 330 adult PWH in Baltimore, MD. We fit a path model to examine whether HIV stigma was associated with increased depression symptoms and whether higher levels of depression were, in turn, associated with underreporting of alcohol use to physicians. Among PWH reporting past 6-month alcohol use ( n  = 182, 55%), 64% met symptom criteria for probable depression, 58% met criteria for hazardous drinking, and 10% reported not disclosing alcohol use to their physician. HIV stigma was associated with higher levels of depression ( β  = 0.99, p  < .0001); depression was associated with a lower likelihood of alcohol disclosure ( β  = -0.04, p  < .0001); and depression mediated the indirect pathway from stigma to alcohol disclosure ( β  = -0.04, p  < .01). Methods to augment or strengthen alcohol self-report may be useful in HIV care, particularly among PWH experiencing HIV stigma and depression.

المؤلفون: Liu Y; Center for Global Health Equity, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, People's Republic of China., Li G; Center for Global Health Equity, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, People's Republic of China., Qi X; Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA., Wu B; Center for Global Health Equity, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.; Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA., Latkin CA; Center for Global Health Equity, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.; Health, Behaviour, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA., Tang W; Center for Global Health Equity, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Project-China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China., Hall BJ; Center for Global Health Equity, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.; Health, Behaviour, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.

المصدر: Global public health [Glob Public Health] 2023 Jan; Vol. 18 (1), pp. 2246066.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Informa Healthcare Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101256323 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1744-1706 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 17441692 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Glob Public Health Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: COVID-19*/epidemiology, Adult ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Food Supply ; Communicable Disease Control ; China/epidemiology ; Food Insecurity

مستخلص: The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic has led to increased food insecurity levels. This cross-sectional study examines the prevalence and determinants of food insecurity during the two-month (1 April to 1 June 2022) city-wide lockdown in Shanghai. The data was collected via an online questionnaire from 3230 adult Shanghai residents during the lockdown. Food insecurity was measured using an adapted version of the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Nearly 70% of participants reported being exposed to food insecurity. Using multivariable logistic regressions, we examined the associations between key correlates (i.e. age, income, lockdown-related income loss, migration, employment status, social capital, preparedness, and received social support) and overall food insecurity while adjusting for ethnicity, gender, education, household size, and marital status. Results showed that compared to local Shanghai residents, migrants (i.e, permanent migrants with Hukou (OR = 2.16), permanent migrants without Hukou (OR = 2.06), temporary migrants (OR = 2.74)), and participants with less than or greather than 50% lockdown-related income loss (OR = 2.60, OR = 3.09), were associated with higher odds of overall food insecurity. Participants with greater preparedness (OR = 0.66), greater bonding social capital (OR = 0.93), and greater bridging social capital (OR = 0.94), had lower odds of overall food insecurity. Targeted interventions are needed to enhance food resilience and health equity among vulnerable populations.

المؤلفون: Hoang NT; EPIC Project, Vietnam Authority of HIV/AIDS Control, Hanoi, Vietnam., Foo TJ; Department of Internal Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore., Tran BX; Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA., Do NT; EPIC Project, Vietnam Authority of HIV/AIDS Control, Hanoi, Vietnam., Vu GT; Center of Excellence in Evidence-based Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam., Nguyen CT; Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Danang, Viet Nam.; Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam., Pham HQ; Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Danang, Viet Nam.; Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam., Latkin CA; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA., Ho CSH; Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore., Ho RCM; Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.; Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore.

المصدر: AIDS care [AIDS Care] 2022 Aug; Vol. 34 (8), pp. 992-999. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 May 21.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Informa Healthcare Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8915313 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1360-0451 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09540121 NLM ISO Abbreviation: AIDS Care Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome*/drug therapy , HIV Infections*/drug therapy, Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Vietnam

مستخلص: Little evidence is available about structural factors associated with the retention in care for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) in Vietnam. This retrospective longitudinal study was conducted among PLWH initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 62 ART clinics from 15 provinces, to estimate retention rates and identify specific related structural factors. Facility-related factors such as location, duration of HIV service implantation, level of healthcare facility, frequency of drugs dispensed, integration of HIV care were examined. Cox proportional hazard model was employed to estimate the retention rate and association between facility-level factors and loss-to-follow up (LTFU). Among 20,119 patients, the retention rates after 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months were 96.5% (95% CI = 96.2%-96.7%), 93.6% (95% CI = 93.2%-93.9%), 90.2% (95% CI = 89.8%-90.6%), 87.9% (95% CI = 87.4%-88.4%) and 86.0% (95% CI = 85.4%-86.5%), respectively. Facility-level factors associated with increased risk of LTFU included duration of HIV service implementation, frequency of drug dispensed per month, integration of HIV care and of treatment procedures into general care, clinics at central or provincial level and in the Middle region of Vietnam. Such association should be addressed in future care planning and HIV/AIDS management to ensure greater coverage of therapy in Vietnam.

المؤلفون: Kong X; Wilmer Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.; Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.; Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.; Department of Health Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA., Dorfman C; Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA., Trotochaud S; USHER 2020 Foundation., Naufal F; Wilmer Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA., Latkin CA; Department of Health Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA., Campochiaro PA; Wilmer Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

المصدر: Ophthalmic genetics [Ophthalmic Genet] 2022 Feb; Vol. 43 (1), pp. 36-41. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Aug 11.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Informa Healthcare Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9436057 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1744-5094 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 13816810 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ophthalmic Genet Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Cell Phone* , Crowdsourcing* , Retinitis Pigmentosa*/drug therapy , Text Messaging*, Adult ; Attitude ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged

مستخلص: Background: Clinical trials for retinitis pigmentosa (RP) likely require long follow-ups because of the slow progression of RP. Understanding patients' attitudes toward participation in a long trial and their acceptability of strategies aimed at promoting retention/compliance is important for assessing feasibility and resource needs and optimizing trial design.
Methods: A crowdsourcing survey to adult RP patients was administered on social media in 2020 July-November. Patient enthusiasm level of study participation, acceptability of attending clinic visits every 4-5 months for 45-months, tele-visits with doctors, and of receiving text messages for medication reminders and for reporting missed dosages were surveyed.
Results: Among the 1473 respondents, over 95% use email or a mobile phone and receive text messages; 1157 (79%) respondents were very/somewhat enthusiastic about participation, among them, 80.6% were "very willing" to attend clinic visits every 4-5 months for 45 months; 90.3% were "very willing" to have tele-visits; 64.7% and 77.1% were willing to receive text reminders to take medication and messages surveying missed doses, respectively. The youngest age group (18-30) (22.1%) and oldest age group (70+) (26.1%) compared to the 41-50 years age group (14%) and women (23.5%) compared to men (14.2%) were statistically significantly more likely not to report high willingness to participate in clinical visits for 45 months.
Conclusions: A trial requiring 4-years of commitment is feasible although retention can be challenging. Strategies including supplementing in-clinic visits with tele-visits and frequent communications may facilitate retention. This study also demonstrates a methodology useful for planning clinical trials for chronic diseases.

المؤلفون: Hoang CL; Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam., Pham HQ; Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.; Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam., Phan HT; Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.; Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam., Tran BX; Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA., Latkin CA; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA., Ho CSH; Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.; Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore., Ho RCM; Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.; Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.; Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.

المصدر: AIDS care [AIDS Care] 2022 Feb; Vol. 34 (2), pp. 145-154. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Feb 24.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Informa Healthcare Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8915313 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1360-0451 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09540121 NLM ISO Abbreviation: AIDS Care Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome* , HIV Infections*/drug therapy, Aged ; Aging ; Bibliometrics ; Humans ; Quality of Life

مستخلص: With the growing number of older people living with HIV, "What is the most effective geriatric care and the research trend of existing literature?" is a compelling question after 30 years since the first paper related to aging and HIV/AIDS published. Our study aims to apply quantitative and qualitative analysis to explore the knowledge gaps and describes the research interest of gerontology research in the field of HIV. A bibliometric analysis was conducted based on the databased of the Web of Science from 1991 to 2019. The major domains of research areas were visualized by using VOSviewer software. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) was applied to classify the dataset into topics. There was a rising number of publications about this topic over time. Our findings indicated that antiretroviral treatment and evaluating quality of life and harm reduction were the major domains regarding care for OPLWH. In addition, the finding highlights the role of social competence in treatment outcomes. Further research needs to tailor multi-disciplinary programs and flexible interventions to reduce the burden and the mortality rate of HIV/AIDS.

المؤلفون: Maulsby C; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA., Parker LJ; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA., White JJ; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA., Latkin CA; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA., Mugavero MJ; School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA., Flynn CP; Infectious Disease and Environmental Health Administration, Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Baltimore, MD, USA., German D; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.

المصدر: AIDS care [AIDS Care] 2020 Jun; Vol. 32 (6), pp. 735-743. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Jul 16.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Informa Healthcare Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8915313 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1360-0451 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09540121 NLM ISO Abbreviation: AIDS Care Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: HIV Infections* , Sexual and Gender Minorities*, Baltimore/epidemiology ; Employment ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; United States

مستخلص: Employment status is a key social determinant of health, and many populations in the United States that are impacted by HIV have unequal access to education and employment opportunities which contributes to HIV-related disparities. Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) are one of the groups most heavily burdened by HIV. With improved health outcomes associated with advancements in HIV treatment, research suggests that more people living with HIV want to work. This study describes employment among BMSM living in Baltimore, assesses differences in employment by HIV status and assesses predictors of full-time employment among BMSM. The study found that BMSM have limited access to full-time employment and that this disparity is even more pronounced among BMSM living with HIV. Men living with HIV were less likely to be employed full-time compared to men not living with HIV controlling for education and social contextual factors (OR 0.40 95% CI (0.22-0.73)). HIV will most likely have important implications for employment patterns and trajectories of BMSM over the life course. Additional research is needed among BMSM living with HIV to understand work histories and experiences, facilitating factors, and the impact of various work experiences on the health and wellbeing.

المؤلفون: Latkin CA; a Department of Health, Behavior, and Society , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , Maryland , USA., Dayton L; a Department of Health, Behavior, and Society , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , Maryland , USA., Davey-Rothwell MA; a Department of Health, Behavior, and Society , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , Maryland , USA., Tobin KE; a Department of Health, Behavior, and Society , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.

المصدر: Substance use & misuse [Subst Use Misuse] 2019; Vol. 54 (6), pp. 998-1006. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Feb 15.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Informa Healthcare Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9602153 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1532-2491 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10826084 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Subst Use Misuse Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice* , Risk-Taking*, Drug Overdose/*prevention & control , Fentanyl/*adverse effects , Opioid-Related Disorders/*psychology, Adult ; Baltimore ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

مستخلص: Background: Fentanyl-related mortality has skyrocketed among people who use opioids (PWUO) in North America. The current study of PWUO aims to examine the perceived fentanyl risk and training needs; fatal overdose prevention behaviors; and, feasibility of a peer education approach to reducing fentanyl-related fatal overdoses in Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Methods: 316 street-recruited PWUO were interviewed about fentanyl in Baltimore, MD.
Results: Most participants (56%) reported that "all" or "almost all" heroin in Baltimore was adulterated with fentanyl and were worried (75%) about their drug buddies overdosing on fentanyl. Half (54%) the participants felt that they needed more training to respond to an overdose. Many participants (66%) reported receiving naloxone or a prescription for it, yet only 17% carried naloxone with them "often" or "always." Among people who inject drugs (PWID) only 13% had naloxone available "often" or "always" when they injected with others, and 51% "often" or "always" injected alone. Almost half of participants (47%) were "very willing" to talk with people in their neighborhood about fentanyl.
Conclusions: The majority of PWUO perceived that most heroin in Baltimore was adulterated with fentanyl, yet most did not carry naloxone and PWID often did so alone. Given the high perceived risk of fentanyl and relatively low uptake of fatal overdose prevention behaviors, there is an urgency for safe injection facilities, access to medically assisted treatment, and programs that work with the drug-using community to deliver overdose prevention training as well as promote behaviors to carry naloxone and not use drugs alone.

المؤلفون: Tran BX; a Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University , Hanoi , Vietnam.; b Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA.; c Vietnam Young Physician Association , Hanoi , Vietnam., Fleming M; d University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland., Do HP; e Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University , Da Nang , Vietnam., Nguyen LH; f Department of Public Health Sciences , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden., Latkin CA; b Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA.

المصدر: AIDS care [AIDS Care] 2018 Dec; Vol. 30 (12), pp. 1524-1531. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Aug 13.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Informa Healthcare Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8915313 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1360-0451 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09540121 NLM ISO Abbreviation: AIDS Care Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Social Stigma*, Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use , HIV Infections/*drug therapy , Medication Adherence/*statistics & numerical data , Quality of Life/*psychology, Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; HIV Infections/psychology ; Humans ; Long-Term Care ; Male ; Medication Adherence/psychology ; Middle Aged ; Self Report ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Stereotyping ; Vietnam

مستخلص: By 2020, the Vietnamese government has committed to having 90% of patients receiving ART as well as 90% of those on ART having successful viral suppression. Factors that influence adherence to ART among patients are essential to allowing the adequate care. This study was conducted across 8 outpatient clinics in Hanoi and Nam Dinh province and included 1133 patients living with HIV. Socioeconomic factors such as marital status, education, employment as well as health-related quality of life improvements were investigated as potentially being associated with adherence rates of ART patients. Through multivariate logistic regression analysis with self-reported ART adherence and VAS scores, this study was able to identify marital status and employment as two factors associated with positive adherence scores. Similarly, health problems, stigmatization, and duration on ART were associated negatively with ART adherence. Knowing that these factors may be linked to adherence rates, they can be preemptively managed with patients to enhance adherence rates and achieve successful viral suppression.