المؤلفون: Ollinger, Scott V

المصدر: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences: Supplementary Set. 2007, v. 23, p83-92.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Transpiration, Hydrology, Rain forests, Seed dispersal, Temperature, Plant respiration, Forest productivity, Plant-water relationships, Mycorrhizae, Disturbance (Ecology), Taiga, Nutrients, Forests, Ecological succession, Temperate rain forests, Photosynthesis, Light, Forest ecology, Plant-soil relationships, Evaporation

الوصف: Forest Ecosystems • • • • • • • Forest ecosystems cover a large fraction of the Earth's land area and account for most of its terrestrial biological productivity. The [...]

المؤلفون: Thomas, Sean C, Baltzer, Jennifer L

المصدر: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences: Supplementary Set. 2007, v. 26, p242-249.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Forest products, Niches (Ecology), Climate change, Rain forests, Biodiversity, Tropical plants, Mangrove swamps, Trees (Plants), Biological productivity, Wetlands, Forest conservation, Rain forest plants, Biogeochemical cycles, Tropical climates, Heathlands, Sustainable forestry, Carbon cycle, Mangroves (Plants)

الوصف: Tropical Forests • • • • • • Tropical forests, while occupying only one-tenth of the world's land area, are disproportionately important in terms of global biogeochemical cycles and as [...]

المؤلفون: SMITH, JAMES A

المصدر: Water Encyclopedia. 2005, v. 4, p309-315.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Doppler radar, Weather radar networks, Meteorological satellites, Rain gauges, Rain

الوصف: RAINFALL J A. S (from , Wiley 2003) The capability to measure rainfall advanced dramatically in the last quarter of the twentieth century. The advances have been paced by remote-sensing [...]

المؤلفون: WILLEMS, PATRICK

المصدر: Water Encyclopedia. 2005, v. 4, p297-303.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Scientific method, Prediction (Logic), Runoff, Scientific errors, Scientific models, Rain gauges, Rain

الوصف: UNCERTAINTIES IN RAINFALL–RUNOFF MODELING P W Hydraulics Laboratory Leuven, Belgium Errors and uncertainties in the prediction of rainfall–runoff are often substantial. Consideration of these errors is therefore crucially important. When [...]

المؤلفون: SEVRUK, BORIS

المصدر: Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences. 2005, v. 1, p529-535.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Precipitation forecasting, Climate change, Hydrology, Atmospheric pressure measurement, Climate models, Precipitation (Meteorology), Rain gauges, Rain

الوصف: 35: Rainfall Measurement: Gauges Precipitation measurements are important for many applications in meteorology, hydrology, agriculture, and climate research. In hydrology, they are used to assess the areal precipitation, which is [...]

المؤلفون: Prance, Ghillean T

المصدر: Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Change. 2002, v. 2, p582-586.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Rain forest plants, Rain forest animals, Forests, Evergreens, Tropical climates, Rain forests, Biodiversity, Deforestation, Mangrove swamps, Species (Biology), Rain forest ecology

الوصف: Tropical Forests A large part of the tropical belt is covered by a variety of forest types. These vary mainly according to the climate, soil, topography and flooding regime. The [...]

المؤلفون: Nyssen, J., Clymans, W., Descheemaeker, K., Poesen, J., Vandecasteele, I., Vanmaercke, Matthias, Zenebe, A., Van Camp, M., Haile, M., Haregeweyn, N., Moeyersons, J., Martens, K., Gebreyohannes, T., Deckers, J., Walraevens, K.

المصدر: Hydrological Processes, 24 (13), 1880-1895 (2010)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Catchment management, Curve number, Ponding adjustment factor, Runoff coefficient, Water table, Watershed, Curve numbers, Runoff coefficients, Water tables, Aquifers, Cultivation, Dams, Developing countries, Infiltration, Land use, Landforms, Management, Ponding, Rain, Runoff, Soil conservation, Soil moisture, Underwater soils, Water conservation, Water content, Water levels, Water supply, Watersheds, Catchments, Ethiopia, Physical, chemical, mathematical & earth Sciences, Earth sciences & physical geography, Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre, Sciences de la terre & géographie physique

الوصف: Impact studies of catchment management in the developing world rarely include detailed hydrological components. Here, changes in the hydrological response of a 200-ha catchment in north Ethiopia are investigated. The management included various soil and water conservation measures such as the construction of dry masonry stone bunds and check dams, the abandonment of post-harvest grazing, and the establishment of woody vegetation. Measurements at the catchment outlet indicated a runoff depth of 5 mm or a runoff coefficient (RC) of 1·6% in the rainy season of 2006. Combined with runoff measurements at plot scale, this allowed calculating the runoff curve number (CN) for various land uses and land management techniques. The pre-implementation runoff depth was then predicted using the CN values and a ponding adjustment factor, representing the abstraction of runoff induced by the 242 check dams in gullies. Using the 2006 rainfall depths, the runoff depth for the 2000 land management situation was predicted to be 26·5mm(RCD 8%), in line with current RCs of nearby catchments. Monitoring of the ground water level indicated a rise after catchment management. The yearly rise in water table after the onset of the rains (ΔT) relative to the water surplus (WS) over the same period increased between 2002-2003 (ΔT/WS D 3·4) and 2006 (ΔT/WS >11·1). Emerging wells and irrigation are other indicators for improved water supply in the managed catchment. Cropped fields in the gullies indicate that farmers are less frightened for the destructive effects of flash floods. Due to increased soil water content, the crop growing period is prolonged. It can be concluded that this catchment management has resulted in a higher infiltration rate and a reduction of direct runoff volume by 81% which has had a positive influence on the catchment water balance. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Relation: urn:issn:0885-6087; urn:issn:1099-1085

URL الوصول: https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/208668

المؤلفون: Joffre, Richard, Rambal, Serge

المصدر: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences: Supplementary Set. 2007, v. 24, p171-177.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Plants (Organisms), Plant ecology, Water balance (Hydrology), Plant climatology, Ecosystems, Rain

الوصف: Mediterranean Ecosystems • • • • • • Mediterranean regions are defined by their unique climate, which is characterized by a hot drought period in summer and cool wet period [...]

المؤلفون: Vankat, John L

المصدر: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences: Supplementary Set. 2007, v. 21, p462-469.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Temperate climates, Taiga, Disturbance (Ecology), Forests, Temperate rain forests, Biodiversity, Forestry, Forest ecology, Deciduous forests, Angiosperms

الوصف: Boreal and Temperate Forests • • • • • • The Earth's latitudinal gradient of forests encompasses boreal to temperate deciduous to temperate evergreen forests (as well as tropical forests). [...]

المؤلفون: ENDRENY, THEODORE A

المصدر: Water Encyclopedia. 2005, v. 4, p315-319.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Rainfall reliability, Runoff, Rainfall intensity duration frequencies, Water quality, Rain

الوصف: RAINFALL AND RUNOFF T A. E SUNY-ESF Syracuse, New York Rainfall is generated by multiple weather patterns, summarized into frontal, orographic, and convective, that affect the duration and intensity of [...]