المؤلفون: Burstein R; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Henry NJ; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Collison ML; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Marczak LB; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Sligar A; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Watson S; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Marquez N; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Abbasalizad-Farhangi M; Department of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Abbasi M; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Abd-Allah F; Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt., Abdoli A; Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran., Abdollahi M; The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Abdollahpour I; Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Department of Epidemiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Abdulkader RS; Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Abrigo MRM; Research Department, Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Quezon City, The Philippines., Acharya D; Department of Preventive Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, South Korea.; Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu University, Devdaha, Nepal., Adebayo OM; College of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria., Adekanmbi V; School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK., Adham D; School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran., Afshari M; Department of Community Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran., Aghaali M; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran., Ahmadi K; School of Pharmacy, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK., Ahmadi M; Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran., Ahmadpour E; Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Ahmed R; James P. Grant School of Public Health, Brac University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Akal CG; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia., Akinyemi JO; Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria., Alahdab F; Evidence Based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, MN, USA., Alam N; Prevention Division, Queensland Health, Herston, Queensland, Australia., Alamene GM; School of Health Sciences, Madda Walabu University, Bale Goba, Ethiopia., Alene KA; Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.; Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia., Alijanzadeh M; Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Alinia C; Department of Health Care Management and Economics, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran., Alipour V; Health Economics Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Aljunid SM; Department of Health Policy and Management, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait.; International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, National University of Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia., Almalki MJ; Faculty of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.; Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia., Al-Mekhlafi HM; Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.; Department of Medical Parasitology, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen., Altirkawi K; King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Alvis-Guzman N; Research Group in Health Economics, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.; Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia., Amegah AK; Biomedical Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana., Amini S; Health Services Management Department, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Amit AML; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, The Philippines.; Online Programs for Applied Learning, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA., Anbari Z; Health Services Management Department, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Androudi S; Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece., Anjomshoa M; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran., Ansari F; Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine-Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Antonio CAT; Department of Health Policy and Administration, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, The Philippines.; Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China., Arabloo J; Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Arefi Z; Department of Health Promotion and Education, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Aremu O; School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK., Armoon B; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran.; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran., Arora A; School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.; Oral Health Services, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Artaman A; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada., Asadi A; Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Asadi-Aliabadi M; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Ashraf-Ganjouei A; Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Assadi R; Education Development Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran., Ataeinia B; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Atre SR; Center for Clinical Global Health Education, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Dr D. Y. Patil Medical College, Pune, India., Quintanilla BPA; The Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; General Office for Research and Technological Transfer, Peruvian National Institute of Health, Lima, Peru., Ayanore MA; Department of Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana., Azari S; Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Babaee E; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Babazadeh A; Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Babol, Iran., Badawi A; Public Health Risk Sciences Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Bagheri S; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Bagherzadeh M; Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran., Baheiraei N; Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences Division, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.; Division of Diseases, Advanced Technologies Research Group, Tehran, Iran., Balouchi A; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Barac A; Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia., Bassat Q; Barcelona Institute for Global Health, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain., Baune BT; Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Bayati M; Health Human Resources Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Bedi N; Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.; Department of Community Medicine, Gandhi Medical College Bhopal, Bhopal, India., Beghi E; Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy., Behzadifar M; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran., Behzadifar M; Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran., Belay YB; Pharmacoepidemiology and Social Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia., Bell B; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Bell ML; School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA., Berbada DA; Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia., Bernstein RS; Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.; Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA., Bhattacharjee NV; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Bhattarai S; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.; Nepal Academy of Science & Technology, Patan, Nepal., Bhutta ZA; The Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan., Bijani A; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran., Bohlouli S; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran., Breitborde NJK; Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.; Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Department, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA., Britton G; Neuroscience Department, Institute for Scientific Research and High Technology Services, City of Knowledge, Panama.; Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama, Panama., Browne AJ; Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Nagaraja SB; Department of Community Medicine, Employees' State Insurance Model Hospital, Bangalore, India., Busse R; Department for Health Care Management, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany., Butt ZA; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.; Al Shifa School of Public Health, Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan., Car J; Centre for Population Health Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.; Global Ehealth Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK., Cárdenas R; Department of Population and Health, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico., Castañeda-Orjuela CA; Colombian National Health Observatory, National Institute of Health, Bogota, Colombia.; Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group, National University of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia., Cerin E; Mary Mackillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China., Chanie WF; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia., Chatterjee P; Division of Epidemiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India., Chu DT; Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam., Cooper C; Department of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK., Costa VM; Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Dalal K; Institute of Public Health Kalyani, Kalyani, India.; School of Health Science, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden., Dandona L; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India., Dandona R; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India., Daoud F; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Daryani A; Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Das Gupta R; James P. Grant School of Public Health, Brac University, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Davis I; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Davis Weaver N; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Davitoiu DV; Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.; Department of Surgery, Clinical Emergency Hospital St Pantelimon, Bucharest, Romania., De Neve JW; Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany., Demeke FM; Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia., Demoz GT; School of Pharmacy, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia.; Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Deribe K; School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK., Desai R; Division of Cardiology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA., Deshpande A; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Desyibelew HD; Public Health Nutrition, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia., Dey S; Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India., Dharmaratne SD; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Department of Community Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka., Dhimal M; Health Research Section, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal., Diaz D; Center of Complexity Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan Rosales, Mexico., Doshmangir L; Department of Health Policy and Economy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Duraes AR; School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.; Diretoria Médica, Roberto Santos General Hospital, Salvador, Brazil., Dwyer-Lindgren L; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Earl L; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Ebrahimi R; Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran., Ebrahimpour S; Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Babol, Iran., Effiong A; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia., Eftekhari A; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; Department of Basic Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran., Ehsani-Chimeh E; National Institute for Health Researchers, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., El Sayed I; Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt., El Sayed Zaki M; Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt., El Tantawi M; Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.; Preventive Dental Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia., El-Khatib Z; Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden., Emamian MH; Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran., Enany S; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt., Eskandarieh S; Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Eyawo O; Epidemiology and Population Health, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.; Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada., Ezalarab M; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Faramarzi M; Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran., Fareed M; College of Medicine, Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Faridnia R; Department of Parasitology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Faro A; Department of Psychology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Brazil., Fazaeli AA; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran., Fazlzadeh M; Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran., Fentahun N; Department of Public Health Nutrition, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia., Fereshtehnejad SM; Department of Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Division of Neurology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Fernandes JC; Center for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Catholic University of Portugal, Porto, Portugal., Filip I; Psychiatry Department, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, CA, USA.; Department of Health Sciences, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ, USA., Fischer F; Department of Public Health Medicine, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany., Foigt NA; Institute of Gerontology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine., Foroutan M; Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran., Francis JM; Clinical Medicine and Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa., Fukumoto T; Gene Expression & Regulation Program, Cancer Institute (W.I.A.), Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Department of Dermatology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan., Fullman N; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Gallus S; Department of Environmental Health Science, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy., Gebre DG; Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.; Dr Tewelde Legesse Health Sciences College, Mekelle, Ethiopia., Gebrehiwot TT; Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia., Gebremeskel GG; School of Nursing, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.; Nursing Department, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia., Gessner BD; Vaccines Department, Pfizer, Collegeville, PA, USA.; Agency of Preventive Medicine, Paris, France., Geta B; Department of Pharmacy, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia., Gething PW; Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Ghadimi R; Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran., Ghadiri K; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Ghajarzadeh M; Department of Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Ghashghaee A; Department of Health Services Management, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Gill PS; Unit of Academic Primary Care, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK., Gill TK; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia., Golding N; School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia., Gomes NGM; Department of Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Porto, Portugal., Gona PN; Nursing and Health Sciences Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA., Gopalani SV; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.; Department of Health and Social Affairs, Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, Palikir, Federated States of Micronesia., Gorini G; Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Section, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Florence, Italy., Goulart BNG; Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil., Graetz N; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Greaves F; Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.; Health Improvement Directorate, Public Health England, London, UK., Green MS; School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel., Guo Y; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China., Haj-Mirzaian A; Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Haj-Mirzaian A; Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA., Hall BJ; Global and Community Mental Health Research Group, University of Macau, Macao, China., Hamidi S; School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates., Haririan H; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Haro JM; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.; Research and Development Unit, San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Sant Boi De Llobregat, Spain., Hasankhani M; School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Hasanpoor E; Healthcare Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran., Hasanzadeh A; Department of Microbiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Department of Microbiology, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran., Hassankhani H; School of Nursing and Midwifery Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; Independent Consultant, Tabriz, Iran., Hassen HY; Public Health Department, Mizan-Tepi University, Teppi, Ethiopia.; Unit of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium., Hegazy MI; Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt., Hendrie D; School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia., Heydarpour F; Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Hird TR; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Population Health, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Hoang CL; Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam., Hollerich G; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Rad EH; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.; Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Hoseini-Ghahfarokhi M; Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Hossain N; Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Hosseini M; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Hosseinzadeh M; Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Computer Science Department, University of Human Development, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq., Hostiuc M; Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.; Department of Internal Medicine, Bucharest Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania., Hostiuc S; Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.; Clinical Legal Medicine, National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici, Bucharest, Romania., Househ M; Division of Information and Computing Technology, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.; Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development, Doha, Qatar., Hsairi M; Faculty of Medicine Tunis, Medicine School of Tunis, Baab Saadoun, Tunisia., Ilesanmi OS; Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria., Imani-Nasab MH; Department of Public Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran., Iqbal U; Global Health and Development Department, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan., Irvani SSN; Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Islam N; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.; Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA., Islam SMS; Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Jürisson M; Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia., Balalami NJ; Psychosis Department, Babol Nushirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran., Jalali A; Psychiatric Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Javidnia J; Department of Medical Mycology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Jayatilleke AU; Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.; Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka., Jenabi E; School of Midwifery, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ, USA., Ji JS; Environmental Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China., Jobanputra YB; Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Atlantis, FL, USA., Johnson K; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Jonas JB; Department of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.; Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China., Shushtari ZJ; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Jozwiak JJ; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Opole, Opole, Poland.; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Opole, Opole, Poland., Kabir A; Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Kahsay A; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia., Kalani H; Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran., Kalhor R; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Karami M; Department of Epidemiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran., Karki S; Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.; School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Kasaeian A; Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Kassebaum NJ; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Keiyoro PN; Odel Campus, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya., Kemp GR; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA., Khabiri R; Tabriz Health Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Khader YS; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ramtha, Jordan., Khafaie MA; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran., Khan EA; Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan., Khan J; Population Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India., Khan MS; Department of Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger Jr Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA.; Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan., Khang YH; Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.; Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea., Khatab K; Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.; Department of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Zanesville, OH, USA., Khater A; Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, National Hepatology and Tropical Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt., Khater MM; Department of Medical Parasitology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt., Khatony A; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Khazaei M; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran., Khazaei S; Department of Epidemiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran., Khazaei-Pool M; Department of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Khubchandani J; Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA., Kianipour N; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.; School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Kim YJ; School of Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia., Kimokoti RW; Department of Nutrition, Simmons College, Boston, MA, USA., Kinyoki DK; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Kisa A; Department of Health Management and Health Economics, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway.; Department of Health Services Policy and Management, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA., Kisa S; Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway., Kolola T; Department of Public Health, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia., Kosen S; Independent Consultant, Jakarta, Indonesia., Koul PA; Department of Internal and Pulmonary Medicine, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India., Koyanagi A; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.; CIBERSAM, San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Sant Boi De Llobregat, Spain., Kraemer MUG; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA., Krishan K; Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India., Krohn KJ; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Kugbey N; Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.; Psychology and Health Promotion, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa., Kumar GA; Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India., Kumar M; Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.; Department of Psychology, University College London, London, UK., Kumar P; International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India., Kuupiel D; Department of Public Health Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.; Nursing, St John of God Hospital, Duayaw Nkwanta, Ghana., Lacey B; Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Oxford, UK., Lad SD; Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India., Lami FH; Department of Community and Family Medicine, Academy of Medical Science, Baghdad, Iraq., Larsson AO; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden., Lee PH; School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China., Leili M; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran., Levine AJ; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Li S; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Lim LL; Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China., Listl S; Department of Dentistry, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Section for Translational Health Economics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany., Longbottom J; Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK., Lopez JCF; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, The Philippines.; Alliance for Improving Health Outcomes, Quezon City, The Philippines., Lorkowski S; Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.; Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (NUTRICARD), Jena, Germany., Magdeldin S; Physiology Department, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.; Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt., Abd El Razek HM; Department of Cardiology, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt., Abd El Razek MM; Ophthalmology Department, Aswan Faculty of Medicine, Aswan, Egypt., Majeed A; Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK., Maleki A; Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran., Malekzadeh R; Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Malta DC; Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil., Mamun AA; Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia., Manafi N; Ophthalmology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Department Ophthalmology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada., Manda AL; Surgery Department, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania., Mansourian M; Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Martins-Melo FR; Campus Caucaia, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará, Caucaia, Brazil., Masaka A; Faculty of Health and Education, Botho University-Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana., Massenburg BB; Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Maulik PK; School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.; Research Department, The George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India., Mayala BK; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Mazidi M; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden., McKee M; Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK., Mehrotra R; Preventive Oncology Department, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India., Mehta KM; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Meles GG; Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia., Mendoza W; Peru Country Office, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Lima, Peru., Menezes RG; Forensic Medicine Division, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia., Meretoja A; Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.; School of Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia., Meretoja TJ; Breast Surgery Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.; University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., Mestrovic T; Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Dr Zora Profozic Polyclinic, Zagreb, Croatia.; University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia., Miller TR; School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.; Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Calverton, MD, USA., Miller-Petrie MK; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Mills EJ; Health, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Milne GJ; Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia., Mini GK; Department of Public Health, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India., Mir SM; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.; Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran., Mirjalali H; Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mirrakhimov EM; Faculty of General Medicine, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.; Department of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Disease, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan., Mohamadi E; Health Equity Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mohammad DK; Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Department of Food Technology, College of Agriculture, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq., Darwesh AM; Information Technology Department, University of Human Development, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq., Mezerji NMG; Department of Biostatistics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran., Mohammed AS; School of Pharmacy, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia., Mohammed S; Institute of Public Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.; Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria., Mokdad AH; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Molokhia M; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK., Monasta L; Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy., Moodley Y; Department of Public Health Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa., Moosazadeh M; Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Moradi G; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran., Moradi M; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.; Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Moradi Y; Department of Epidemiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Moradi-Lakeh M; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Moradinazar M; Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Moraga P; Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK., Morawska L; International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia., Mosapour A; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran., Mousavi SM; Department of Health Management and Economics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mueller UO; Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany.; Center for Population and Health, Wiesbaden, Germany., Muluneh AG; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia., Mustafa G; Department of Pediatric Medicine, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan.; Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Pulmonology, Institute of Mother & Child Care, Multan, Pakistan., Nabavizadeh B; Department of Urology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Naderi M; Operating Room Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Nagarajan AJ; Research and Analytics, Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development, Chennai, India.; Research and Analytics, Bioinsilico Technologies, Chennai, India., Nahvijou A; Cancer Research Center of Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Najafi F; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Nangia V; Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, India., Ndwandwe DE; Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa., Neamati N; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran., Negoi I; Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.; General Surgery Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania., Negoi RI; Anatomy and Embryology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.; Department of Cardiology, Cardio-aid, Bucharest, Romania., Ngunjiri JW; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya., Thi Nguyen HL; Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Vietnam., Nguyen LH; Center for Excellence in Behavioral Health, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam., Nguyen SH; Center for Excellence in Behavioral Health, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam., Nielsen KR; Global Health Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Ningrum DNA; State University of Semarang, Public Health Science Department, Kota Semarang, Indonesia.; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan., Nirayo YL; Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia., Nixon MR; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Nnaji CA; Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.; Public Health Science Department, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Nojomi M; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Department of Community and Family Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Noroozi M; University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Nosratnejad S; Department of Health Economics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Noubiap JJ; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Motlagh SN; Department of Public Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran., Ofori-Asenso R; Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Independent Consultant, Accra, Ghana., Ogbo FA; Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia., Oladimeji KE; Department of Public Health Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.; Center for the Aid Program of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA) TB and HIV Pathogenesis Unit, United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), Durban, South Africa., Olagunju AT; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria., Olfatifar M; Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, A.C.S. Medical College and Hospital, Tehran, Iran., Olum S; Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda.; Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium., Olusanya BO; Centre for Healthy Start Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria., Oluwasanu MM; Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria., Onwujekwe OE; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria., Oren E; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA., Ortega-Altamirano DDV; Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico., Ortiz A; School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Institute for Health Research Foundation Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain., Osarenotor O; Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria., Osei FB; Faculty of Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana., Osgood-Zimmerman AE; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Otstavnov SS; Analytical Center, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.; Committee for the Comprehensive Assessment of Medical Devices and Information Technology, Health Technology Assessment Association, Moscow, Russia., Owolabi MO; Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria., P A M; Department of Tb & Respiratory Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India., Pagheh AS; Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Pakhale S; Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Panda-Jonas S; Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany., Pandey A; Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India., Park EK; Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, South Korea., Parsian H; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran., Pashaei T; Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran., Patel SK; Research and Evaluation, Population Council, New Delhi, India.; Indian Institute of Health Management Research University, Jaipur, India., Pepito VCF; Center for Research and Innovation, Ateneo De Manila University, Pasig City, The Philippines., Pereira A; Department of Genetics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.; Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil., Perkins S; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Pickering BV; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Pilgrim T; Department of Cardiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Pirestani M; Parasitology and Entomology Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran., Piroozi B; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran., Pirsaheb M; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Plana-Ripoll O; National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark., Pourjafar H; Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.; Department of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran., Puri P; International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India., Qorbani M; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran., Quintana H; Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama, Panama., Rabiee M; Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran., Rabiee N; Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran., Radfar A; College of Graduate Health Sciences, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ, USA.; Medichem, Barcelona, Spain., Rafiei A; Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.; Department of Immunology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Rahim F; Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran., Rahimi Z; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Rahimi-Movaghar V; Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Rahimzadeh S; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Rajati F; Department of Health Education & Promotion, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Raju SB; Department of Nephrology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India., Ramezankhani A; Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Ranabhat CL; Policy Research Institute, Kathmandu, Nepal.; Institute for Poverty Alleviation and International Development, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea., Rasella D; Institute of Public Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.; Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil., Rashedi V; School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Rawal L; School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.; Social Science and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia., Reiner RC Jr; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Renzaho AMN; School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia., Rezaei S; Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Rezapour A; Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Riahi SM; Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Department of Epidemiology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran., Ribeiro AI; EPIUnit, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Roever L; Department of Clinical Research, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil., Roro EM; Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Department of Public Health, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia., Roser M; Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Roshandel G; Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran., Roshani D; Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran., Rostami A; Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran., Rubagotti E; School of Biotechnology, Ikiam Amazon Regional University, Tena, Ecuador.; Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China., Rubino S; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy., Sabour S; Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Sadat N; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Sadeghi E; Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Saeedi R; Department of Health, Safety and Environment (HSE), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Safari Y; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Safari-Faramani R; Faculty of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Safdarian M; Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Department of Neuroscience, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Sahebkar A; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.; Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran., Salahshoor MR; Department of Anatomical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Salam N; Department of Pathology, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Salamati P; Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; School of Health and Policy Management, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Salehi F; Taleghani Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Zahabi SS; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.; Taleghani Hospital, Kermanshah, Iran., Salimi Y; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Salimzadeh H; Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Salomon JA; Center for Health Policy & Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., Sambala EZ; Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa., Samy AM; Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt., Santric Milicevic MM; Centre School of Public Health and Health Management, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia., Jose BPS; Post-graduate Program in Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil., Saraswathy SYI; Department of Community Medicine, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, India.; PSG-FAIMER South Asia Regional Institute, Coimbatore, India., Sarmiento-Suárez R; Department of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Applied and Environmental Sciences, Bogotá, Colombia., Sartorius B; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK., Sathian B; Surgery Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.; Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK., Saxena S; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK., Sbarra AN; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Schaeffer LE; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Schwebel DC; Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA., Sepanlou SG; Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Seyedmousavi S; Center of Expertise in Microbiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Shaahmadi F; Department of Health Promotion and Education, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran., Shaikh MA; Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan., Shams-Beyranvand M; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran., Shamshirian A; Medical Laboratory Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Shamsizadeh M; Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran., Sharafi K; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Sharif M; Department of Laboratory Sciences, Karaj Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.; Department of Basic Sciences, Karaj Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran., Sharif-Alhoseini M; Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Sharifi H; HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran., Sharma J; Policy and Planning Division, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Sharma R; University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India., Sheikh A; Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.; Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., Shields C; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Shigematsu M; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan., Shiri R; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland., Shiue I; Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany., Shuval K; School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel., Siddiqi TJ; Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan., Silva JP; Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Singh JA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.; Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA., Sinha DN; Department of Epidemiology, School of Preventive Oncology, Patna, India.; Department of Epidemiology, Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Mumbai, India., Sisay MM; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.; Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Slagelse, Denmark., Sisay S; Medical Division, German Leprosy and TB Relief Association Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Sliwa K; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Smith DL; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Somayaji R; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada., Soofi M; Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Soriano JB; Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.; Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain., Sreeramareddy CT; Division of Community Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., Sudaryanto A; Department of Nursing, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, Kartasura, Indonesia., Sufiyan MB; Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria., Sykes BL; Department of Criminology, Law and Society, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA., Sylaja PN; Neurology Department, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India., Tabarés-Seisdedos R; Carlos III Health Institute, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain., Tabb KM; School of Social Work, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA., Tabuchi T; Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan., Taveira N; University Institute 'Egas Moniz', Monte Da Caparica, Portugal.; Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy of Lisbon, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal., Temsah MH; Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Terkawi AS; Anesthesiology Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.; Syrian Expatriate Medical Association (SEMA), Charlottesville, VA, USA., Tessema ZT; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia., Thankappan KR; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University Kerala, Kasaragod, India., Thirunavukkarasu S; Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore., To QG; School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia., Tovani-Palone MR; Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil., Tran BX; Department of Health Economics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam., Tran KB; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.; Clinical Hematology and Toxicology, Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam., Ullah I; Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan.; TB Culture Laboratory, Mufti Mehmood Memorial Teaching Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan., Usman MS; Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan., Uthman OA; Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK., Vahedian-Azimi A; Department of Education and Health, Trauma Research Center, Tehran, Iran.; Critical and Intensive Care Department, Trauma Research Center, Tehran, Iran., Valdez PR; Argentine Society of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Velez Sarsfield Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina., van Boven JFM; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.; Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands., Vasankari TJ; Ukk Institute, Tampere, Finland., Vasseghian Y; Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Veisani Y; Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran., Venketasubramanian N; Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore., Violante FS; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.; Occupational Health Unit, Sant'orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy., Vladimirov SK; Department of Information Technologies and Management, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.; Department of Information and Internet Technologies, I. M. 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المصدر: Nature [Nature] 2019 Oct; Vol. 574 (7778), pp. 353-358. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Oct 16.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0410462 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1476-4687 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00280836 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nature Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Child Mortality/*trends , Infant Mortality/*trends, Child ; Geography ; Global Health ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Organizational Objectives ; Public Health ; Socioeconomic Factors ; United Nations

المؤلفون: Sepanlou SG; Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Sharafkhah M; Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Poustchi H; Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Malekzadeh MM; Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Etemadi A; Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA., Khademi H; Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Islami F; Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA., Pourshams A; Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Pharoah PD; Departments of Oncology and Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Abnet CC; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA., Brennan P; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France., Boffetta P; The Tisch Cancer Institute, and Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA., Dawsey SM; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA., Esteghamati A; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Kamangar F; Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Department of Public Health Analysis, School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA., Malekzadeh R; Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

المصدر: Journal of human hypertension [J Hum Hypertens] 2016 Apr; Vol. 30 (4), pp. 260-7. Date of Electronic Publication: 2015 Jun 11.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8811625 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1476-5527 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09509240 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Hum Hypertens Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Blood Pressure*, Hypertension/*mortality, Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Cause of Death ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Hypertension/diagnosis ; Hypertension/physiopathology ; Iran/epidemiology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors