المؤلفون: BANO, Yasmeen, RAKHA, Allah, KHAN, Muhammad Issa, ASGHER, Muhammad

المصدر: Food Science and Technology. January 2022 42

مصطلحات موضوعية: date palm fruit, ripening stages, minerals, sugars, bioactive compounds, dietary fiber

الوصف: The current study was conducted to determine the effect of four maturity stages on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of date (Phoenix dactyliferaL.) varieties. Four varieties of date palm viz., Zahidi, Aseel, Halawi, and Dhaki were used at four ripening stages (Kimri, Khalal, Rutab, and Tamer). The protein and fat contents of all the selected varieties of dates decreased from Kimri to the tamer stage of development. In all the date varieties the glucose, fructose, and total sugar contents were increased up to the full ripe stage. On the other hand, the total phenolic content, antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP), and total flavonoid content decreased gradually in all the selected date varieties from Kimri to Tamer stage of development. The highest amount of TPC, TFC, DPPH, and FRAP was observed in the Dhaki variety. During the fruit maturation process, minerals and dietary fiber contents also decreased from Kimri to Tamer stage of development in all varieties. The dietary fiber including both soluble and insoluble fiber was observed highest in Dhaki variety at the Kimri stage.

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المؤلفون: PEREIRA, Ariana Mota, GOMES, Mateus de Paula, GUIMARÃES, Maria Eduarda da Silva, CRUZ, Renata Ranielly Pedroza, GALDINO, Antonia Gorete da Silva, FREIRE, Ana Izabella, RIBEIRO, Wellington Souto, FINGER, Fernando Luiz

المصدر: Food Science and Technology. January 2022 42

مصطلحات موضوعية: sugars, Maillard reaction, sprouting, French fries

الوصف: Changes in the population's eating habits have expanded the French fries market. However, the need for refrigerated storage to supply sprouts and maintain a constant supply to the industry has led to a reduced number of cultivars suitable for processing due to the accumulation of sugars and browning after frying. Because of this, the objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of the Donata and BRS F132 cultivars for use in the pre-fried potato processing industry. The tubers were stored at 6 and 8 °C for up to 180 days and the analysis of sprouting, total soluble sugar (TSS), reducing sugar (RS), non-reducing sugar (NRS), post-frying color by scale visual color used by the industry and L* and b* parameters. The sprouting was higher at 8 °C and in the BRS F 132 cultivar. The sugar content was high in both cultivars, however, the color remained adequate. It is concluded that the Donata and BRS F132 cultivars are suitable for the potato processing industry, and Donata presented better quality parameters. Conditioning at 8 °C is recommended in both cultivars that maintained the quality for 180 days.

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المؤلفون: PEREIRA, Ariana Mota, PETRUCCI, Kharen Priscilla de Oliveira Salomão, GOMES, Mateus de Paula, GONÇALVES, Dreice Nascimento, CRUZ, Renata Ranielly Pedroza, RIBEIRO, Fernanda Cristina Silva, FINGER, Fernando Luiz

المصدر: Food Science and Technology. March 2021 41(1)

مصطلحات موضوعية: sprout, reducing sugars, reconditioning

الوصف: The objective of this study was to determine the storage efficiency and reconditioning of potato cv. Innovator for processing. Tubers were stored at 6, 7 and 8 °C in the dark for 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days and reconditioned at 15 °C for 15 days. TRS and RS were reduced as storage temperature increased from 6 + 15 °C to 8 + 15 °C. Regardless of temperature and storage time, sugar contents were suitable for industry; however non-enzymatic browning remained in category 2 for up to 60, 90 and 150 days in tubers stored at 6 + 15 °C, 7 + 15 °C and 8 + 15 °C, respectively. Starch was influenced by storage time, despite the absence of temperature effect. Regardless of the temperature, sprouting started at 90 days, but the growth of shoots was directly proportional to the increase in temperature. The PPO and POD increased at the beginning of storage but did not cause darkening before the frying. Reduction in storage temperature followed by reconditioning did not delay the onset of sprouting, but reduced the size of sprouts, maintained adequate sugar levels, however it promoted non-enzymatic browning.

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المؤلفون: AMJAD, Adnan, JAVED, Muhammad Sameem, HAMEED, Aneela, HUSSAIN, Majid, ISMAIL, Amir

المصدر: Food Science and Technology. June 2020 40(2)

مصطلحات موضوعية: quality, chips, enzyme, sugars, storage

الوصف: Storage of tubers is vital for uninterrupted supply to potato chips/fries industry. Cold storage is preferred to maintain tuber quality. However, prolonged storage at low temperature results in cold induced sweetening (CIS) leading to sugar accumulation and browning of chips. Slowing down the CIS is of economic importance for potato industry. Screening of potatoes after cold storage for low sugar and invertase activity with exploration of best frying color was the aim of current study. Reducing sugars (RS), invertase activity and chips color were estimated after subjecting the tubers at 3°C and 7°C storage. Analytical techniques were adopted for quantification of RS and invertase activity while nine-point Hedonic scale was used for chips color evaluation. Highest invertase activity with maximum RS (mg 100-1g) and dark brown chips were observed in Kuroda following the Santé (247.83), Asterix (216.73), Crozo (193.42), Hermes (171.57) and Lady Rosetta (134.07) after storage at 3°C. Low RS were found in tubers stored at 7°C with good frying color in Lady Rosetta (98.23) followed by Hermes (104.31) and Crozo (113.27). Conclusively storage temperatures have significant effect on quality of tubers in which 7°C proved best with less RS and invertase activity having good frying color.

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المؤلفون: JAVED, Muhammad Sameem, RANDHAWA, Muhammad Atif, AHMAD, Zulfiqar, SAJID, Muhammad Wasim, NASIR, Muhammad Adnan, TARIQ, Muhammad Rizwan

المصدر: Food Science and Technology. June 2018 38(2)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Guava, CaCl2, controlled atmosphere, sugars, organic acids, phytochemical

الوصف: Guava is very delicate and alluring fruit which is being ignored since very long time despite of highly nutritious fruit and rich source of Vitamin C. It contains Vitamin C 2-3 times more than orange. Naturally the guava fruit is enriched with vitamin C and polyphenoles. Guavas fruits after harvesting were dunked in solutions of CaCl2 (1, 2 and 3%) at room temperature for 5 minutes and stored for 24 days in 5% CO2 level at temperature of 10±1°C, while the humidity level of storage chamber were 80%. The stored fruits were analyzed at 6 days of interval for sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose g/100g) total phenolic contents (mgGAE/100g), antioxidant activity (µmolTE/g), and organic acids (citric, tartaric, ascorbic, and malic acids mg/100 g). The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of guava fruits were declined during progression in storage but in fewer amounts as compared to room storage condition. Citric acid and ascorbic acid contents were reduced with the progression in storage, however tartaric and malic acid values were amplified at end of storage but the rate of changes were slower. The pretreatments in combination with modified atmosphere storage escalate the shelf life of guava and slow down nutritional degradation process.

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المؤلفون: SOUTO, Luciana Reis Fontinelle, CALIARI, Márcio, SOARES JÚNIOR, Manoel Soares, FIORDA, Fernanda Assumpção, GARCIA, Marina Costa

المصدر: Food Science and Technology. March 2017 37(1)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Manihotesculenta Cranz, starch hydrolysate, α-amylase, amyloglucosidase, reducing sugars

الوصف: The aim of this study was to characterize and perform enzymatic hydrolysis of cassava peeling residue (peel and inner peel), mainly composed of peels and small pieces. Residue was sanitized, dried at 55 °C for 24 hours and ground. The obtained flour showed pH of 4.85; 72.53 g 100 g–1 moisture; 5.18 mL 1M NaOH 100 g–1 acidity; 60.68 g 100 g–1 starch; 1.08 g 100 g–1 reducing sugar; 1.63 g 100g–1 ash; 0.86 g 100 g–1 lipid and 3.97 g 100 g–1 protein. Enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out by means of rotational central composite design, analyzing the effects of concentrations of α-amylase enzyme (10 to 50 U g starch–1), and the amyloglucosidase enzyme (80 to 400 U g starch–1) on variable responses: percent conversion of starch into reducing sugars (RSC) and soluble solid content (SS). Highest values of RSC (110%) and SS (12 °Brix) were observed when using the maximum concentration of amyloglucosidase and throughout the concentration range of α-amylase. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cassava peel is feasible and allows the use of hydrolysate in fermentation processes for the production of various products, such as alcoholic drinks, vinegar, among others.

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المؤلفون: Motsa, Nozipho Mgcibelo, Modi, Albert Thembinkosi, Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe

المصدر: Food Science and Technology. March 2015 35(1)

مصطلحات موضوعية: agro-ecological areas, sweet potato cultivars, reducing sugars, phytonutrients

الوصف: Sweet potato is an important staple, and it is mainly known for its contribution of β-carotene in human diet. The effects of cultivar and habitat on this pigment and other nutritional characteristics of the crop still require investigation. In this study, three locally bred cultivars of sweet potato, two of which are orange-fleshed, were grown in three different agro-ecological areas to determine soluble sugar content, β-carotene, and total antioxidants of roots. In addition antioxidant activity, total carotenoids, and chlorophyll content were determined in edible leaves. Reducing sugars, β-carotene, total antioxidants capacity, total carotenoids, and chlorophyll content were significantly affected by environmental conditions. The location at lower altitude and closer to the coastline showed high evapotranspiration, thus reducing sugar content, antioxidant activity, and phytonutrients in both storage roots and leaves. Absence of water stress in agro-ecological locations further inland and at higher altitudes was associated with an increase in these compounds. Free radical scavenging activity of DPPH was higher in the storage roots (610.49 µmoles TE/100g) than in the leaves (426.06 µmoles TE/100g); nevertheless, opposite results were found for the ferric ion reducing activity (FRAP). The deep orange-fleshed cultivar A45 contained high β-carotene (15 mg/100g), which is enough to meet RDA for vitamin A. There is evidence of agro-ecological effect on sweet potato nutritional value.

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المؤلفون: Nascimento, Talita Pimenta do, Bettiol Neto, José Emílio, Pereira, Renato Alves, Castro, Inar Alves de, Chagas, Edvan Alves, Lajolo, Franco Maria, Cordenunsi, Beatriz Rosana

المصدر: Food Science and Technology. September 2013 33(3)

مصطلحات موضوعية: jaboticaba Sabará, soluble sugars, shelf life, organic acids

الوصف: Jaboticaba is a Brazilian fruit, native to the Atlantic forest, which belongs to the Myrtaceae family. In this work we describe the effect of the thinning of "flower", "fruit" and "flower & fruit" compared to non-thinned fruit (control) and of edible coatings with respect on nutritional composition, overall acceptability and shelf-life of jaboticaba ‘Sabara’, grown in an irrigated commercial orchard. "Flower and fruit" thinning allows fruit with higher quality as diameter, volume and mass. Non-thinned fruit shows higher yield, however fruit have lower quality. As a result of the improving quality at harvest, the shelf life was twice (~8 days) for thinned fruit. The lack of change in concentration of soluble sugar and absence of formation of volatile compounds during storage indicate that there was no natural fermentation of the jaboticaba pulp after harvest. Treatments with wax and calcium did not improve the jaboticaba shelf life.

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المؤلفون: Bagetti, Milena, Facco, Elizete Maria Pesamosca, Piccolo, Jaqueline, Hirsch, Gabriela Elisa, Rodriguez-Amaya, Delia, Kobori, Cintia Nanci, Vizzotto, Márcia, Emanuelli, Tatiana

المصدر: Food Science and Technology. March 2011 31(1)

مصطلحات موضوعية: sugars, insaturated fatty acids, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, β-carotene

الوصف: This study was carried out to obtain more information about the physicochemical properties, composition, and antioxidant activity of pitanga fruits (Eugenia uniflora L.), particularly fruits from the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Pitanga with different flesh colors (purple, red, and orange) from tree selections cultivated at Embrapa Clima Temperado (RS-Brazil) were analyzed. Only slight differences were observed in the quality parameters and in the proximate and fatty acid compositions among the fruits studied. The extracts from purple-fleshed pitanga had the highest total phenolic and anthocyanin contents along with the highest antioxidant capacity. The antioxidant capacity (DPPH and FRAP assays) of methanolic pitanga extracts was highly correlated with the total phenolic content, but in ethanolic extracts, the anthocyanin content was correlated only with the FRAP antioxidant capacity. Orange fleshed pitanga had higher β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene levels than those of the red fruit, which had higher lycopene content. The results indicate that the purple-fleshed pitanga, cultivated in Rio Grande do Sul, is a rich source of phenolic compounds and has high antioxidant capacity. The red and orange-fleshed pitanga, on the other hand, are rich sources of carotenoids.

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المؤلفون: Guerra, Marisa Josefina, Mujica, María Virginia

المصدر: Food Science and Technology. March 2010 30(1)

مصطلحات موضوعية: sweetener, sugar cane, artisanal, minerals, reducing sugars, insoluble solids, panelas, physical and chemical properties

الوصف: "Panela" is a natural sweetener obtained by concentrating sugar cane juice and handmade in small factories. In the study carried out, the physical and chemical properties of two commercial brands of artisanal granulated panelas and of one made on an experimental level were determined. Three lots of each sample were analyzed. The parameters measured were moisture, a w, protein, ash, minerals, reducing sugars, sucrose, pH, color (L, a and b), insoluble solids (IS), transmittance a 720 nm and filterability. In addition, a qualitative test to detect sulphur dioxide was performed. The parameters with higher variability were moisture (1.66-4.36 g.100 g-1), a w (0.51-0.69), reducing sugars (4.58-11.48 g.100 g-1), pH (5.58-6.90), and color. Potassium was the most abundant mineral (229.52-1027.18 mg.100 g-1). An inverse relationship between IS and transmittance at 720 nm (R² = 0.96) and a direct relationship between IS and ash (R² = 0.94) were found. The sulphur dioxide test was negative for all the samples.

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