المؤلفون: Tan J; a. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, b. Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China.; School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China., Liang L; a. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, b. Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China., Huang P; a. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, b. Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China. pphuang1@163.com.; School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. pphuang1@163.com., Ibrahim AA; a. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, b. Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China.; School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China., Huang Z; School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.; Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China., Zhao W; School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China., Zou L; a. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pathogen Detection for Emerging Infectious Disease Response, b. Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China.

المصدر: Journal of epidemiology and global health [J Epidemiol Glob Health] 2023 Sep; Vol. 13 (3), pp. 539-546. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Aug 03.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101592084 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2210-6014 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 22106006 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Epidemiol Glob Health Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Influenza, Human*/epidemiology , Influenza, Human*/prevention & control , COVID-19*/epidemiology , Epidemics*/prevention & control, Humans ; Adolescent ; China/epidemiology ; Cities ; Seasons ; Sentinel Surveillance

مستخلص: Background: Since the Non-pharmaceutical Intervention (NPI) by COVID-19 emerged, influenza activity has been somewhat altered.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore changes in influenza activities in the context of COVID-19 based on the sentinel hospitals/units in Guangdong, southern China.
Methods: The surveillance data in influenza-like illness (ILI) were collected from 21 cities in Guangdong between September 2017 and August 2021, while 43 hospitals/units were selected to analyze the predominant types of influenza, population characteristics, and seasonal features by three methods (the concentration ratio, the seasonal index, and the circulation distribution), based on a descriptive epidemiological approach.
Results: During the four consecutive influenza seasons, a total of 157345 ILIs were tested, of which 9.05% were positive for influenza virus (n = 14238), with the highest positive rates for both IAV (13.20%) and IBV (5.41%) in the 2018-2019 season. After the emergence of COVID-19, influenza cases decreased near to zero from March 2020 till March 2021, and the dominant type of influenza virus changed from IAV to IBV. The highest positive rate of influenza existed in the age-group of 5 ~  < 15 years in each season for IAV (P < 0.001), which was consistent with that for IBV (P < 0.001). The highest annual positive rates for IBV emerged in eastern Guangdong, while the highest annual positive rates of IAV in different seasons existed in different regions. Furthermore, compared with the epidemic period (ranged from December to June) during 2017-2019, the period ended three months early (March 2020) in 2019-2020, and started by five months behind (April 2021) during 2020-2021.
Conclusion: The highest positive rates in 5 ~  < 15 age-group suggested the susceptible in this age-group mostly had infected with infected B/Victoria. Influenced by the emergence of COVID-19 and NPI responses, the epidemic patterns and trends of influenza activities have changed in Guangdong, 2017-2021.
(© 2023. The Author(s).)

المؤلفون: Musabaev E; Research Institute of Virology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan., Ismailov U; Research Institute of Virology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan., Ibadullaeva N; Research Institute of Virology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. drnargizis@gmail.com., Khikmatullaeva A; Research Institute of Virology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan., Norbaev I; Fund of the State Medical Insurance of Jizzakh Region, Jizzakh, Uzbekistan., Primov U; Bukhara Regional Infectious Diseases Hospital, Bukhara, Uzbekistan., Ahrarova D; 4th City Pediatric Infectious Diseases Hospital, Tashkent, Uzbekistan., Sharapov S; Research Institute of Virology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan., Yusupov U; Bukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, Uzbekistan., Latipov R; Research Institute of Virology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

المصدر: Journal of epidemiology and global health [J Epidemiol Glob Health] 2023 Sep; Vol. 13 (3), pp. 476-484. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jun 10.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101592084 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2210-6014 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 22106006 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Epidemiol Glob Health Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Rotavirus* , Rotavirus Vaccines* , Rotavirus Infections*/epidemiology , Rotavirus Infections*/prevention & control, Child ; Humans ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Uzbekistan/epidemiology ; Sentinel Surveillance ; Diarrhea/epidemiology ; Diarrhea/prevention & control ; Hospitalization ; Vaccination ; Antigens, Viral

مستخلص: Background: This article presents the results of a long-term study of the impact of rotavirus vaccination in Uzbekistan. Uzbekistan is the first country in the Central Asian region to introduce rotavirus vaccination into the national compulsory vaccination calendar. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of rotavirus vaccination on hospitalizations due to all-cause AGE and RVGE in children < 5 years of age in Uzbekistan.
Methods: Detection of rotavirus antigen was performed using Rotavirus-Antigen-IFA-BEST "Vector Best" kit (Novosibirsk, Russia).
Results: The total of 20,128 children under 5 years of age were hospitalized in sentinel hospitals with a diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis during the study period (2019-2020). Of this number of children, 4481 children (22.2%) were included in the study. Of 4481 children, 367 (8.2%) children tested positive for rotavirus. In our study, decrease in the rotavirus rate was noted in all age groups. The peak of rotavirus positivity occurred in the months of January and February.
Conclusion: The average rotavirus-positive rate in the period (2019-2020) was 8.2% and the absolute percentage decrease was 18.1% compared to the pre-vaccination period (2005-2009) where the rotavirus-positive rate was 26.3%. The percentage of prevented cases averaged 68.8%.
(© 2023. The Author(s).)

المؤلفون: Houattongkham S; Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.; Epidemiology Section, Bacteriology Unit, National Center for Laboratory and Epidemiology, Km 3 Thadeau Road, Ban Thaphalarnxay, Sisathanack district, Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR., Yamamoto E; Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan. yamaeiko@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp., Sithivong N; Laboratory Section, Bacteriology Unit, National Center for Laboratory and Epidemiology, Km 3 Thadeau Road, Ban Thaphalarnxay, Sisathanack district, Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR., Inthaphatha S; Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan., Kariya T; Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan., Saw YM; Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan., Vongduangchanh A; Laboratory Section, Bacteriology Unit, National Center for Laboratory and Epidemiology, Km 3 Thadeau Road, Ban Thaphalarnxay, Sisathanack district, Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR., Keosavanh O; Epidemiology Section, Bacteriology Unit, National Center for Laboratory and Epidemiology, Km 3 Thadeau Road, Ban Thaphalarnxay, Sisathanack district, Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR.; Laboratory Section, Bacteriology Unit, National Center for Laboratory and Epidemiology, Km 3 Thadeau Road, Ban Thaphalarnxay, Sisathanack district, Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR., Hamajima N; Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.

المصدر: European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology [Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis] 2020 Jun; Vol. 39 (6), pp. 1115-1122. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jan 28.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 8804297 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1435-4373 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09349723 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Sentinel Surveillance*, Diarrhea/*epidemiology , Diarrhea/*etiology, Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bacteria/classification ; Bacteria/isolation & purification ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Coinfection/epidemiology ; Coinfection/etiology ; Feces/microbiology ; Feces/virology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Laos/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Rotavirus/isolation & purification ; Seasons ; Young Adult

مستخلص: This study aims to identify the pathogens of diarrhea in Vientiane Capital, Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). The data of 2482 patients who visited eight health facilities due to diarrhea in 2012-2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Stool or rectal swabs collected from all patients were tested for bacteria. Children who were under 5 years old were additionally tested for rotavirus. Of 2482 cases, 1566 cases were under 5 years old, and at least one enteropathogen was detected in 475 cases (19.1%). Salmonella species was the most commonly detected bacterial pathogen. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and Salmonella species was the major pathogen in the dry season and the wet season, respectively. Eighty-seven patients tested positive for multiple bacteria. Rotavirus was detected in 291 children under 5 years old (32.4%), mostly from October to April. The major bacteria of coinfection with rotavirus were EPEC followed by Salmonella species. Salmonella species was the predominant bacterial pathogen of diarrhea of all ages, and rotavirus was the predominant pathogen among children under 5 years old. Further studies examining other types of pathogens for diarrhea and the introduction of a rotavirus vaccine for children are needed in Lao PDR.

المؤلفون: Hosseini S; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran., Karami M; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.; Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran., Farhadian M; Modeling of Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran., Mohammadi Y; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.

المصدر: Journal of epidemiology and global health [J Epidemiol Glob Health] 2018 Dec; Vol. 8 (1-2), pp. 29-33.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Multicenter Study

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101592084 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2210-6014 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 22106006 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Epidemiol Glob Health Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Disease Outbreaks* , Sentinel Surveillance*, Delivery of Health Care/*organization & administration , Influenza, Human/*diagnosis , Influenza, Human/*epidemiology , Public Health/*trends, Databases, Factual ; Female ; Humans ; Iran/epidemiology ; Male ; Prevalence ; Registries ; Retrospective Studies

مستخلص: This study aimed to predict seasonal influenza activity and detection of influenza outbreaks. Data of all registered cases ( n = 53,526) of influenza-like illnesses (ILIs) from sentinel sites of healthcare centers in Iran were obtained from the FluNet web-based tool, World Health Organization (WHO), from 2010 to 2015. The status of the ILI activity was obtained from the FluNet and considered as the gold standard of the seasonal activity of influenza during the study period. The cumulative sum (CUSUM) as an outbreak detection method was used to predict the seasonal activity of influenza. Also, time series similarity between the ILI trend and CUSUM was assessed using the cross-correlogram. Of 7684 (14%) positive cases of influenza, about 71% were type A virus and 28% were type B virus. The majority of the outbreaks occurred in winter and autumn. Results of the cross-correlogram showed that there was a considerable similarity between time series graphs of the ILI cases and CUSUM values. However, the CUSUM algorithm did not have a good performance in the timely detection of influenza activity. Despite a considerable similarity between time series of the ILI cases and CUSUM algorithm in weekly lag, the seasonal activity of influenza in Iran could not be predicted by the CUSUM algorithm.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
(© Atlantis Press International B.V.)

المؤلفون: Bansal B; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medanta, the Medicity, Gurgaon, Pin: 122001, India. Drbeenabansal.endo@gmail.com., Mithal A; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medanta, the Medicity, Gurgaon, Pin: 122001, India., Chopra SR; Endocrinology, Medanta, the Medicity, Gurgaon, Pin: 122001, India., Bhanot S; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medanta, the Medicity, Gurgaon, Pin: 122001, India., Kuchay MS; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medanta, the Medicity, Gurgaon, Pin: 122001, India., Farooqui KJ; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medanta, the Medicity, Gurgaon, Pin: 122001, India.

المصدر: Archives of osteoporosis [Arch Osteoporos] 2018 Oct 29; Vol. 13 (1), pp. 115. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Oct 29.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101318988 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1862-3514 (Electronic) NLM ISO Abbreviation: Arch Osteoporos Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Bone Density* , Sentinel Surveillance*, Absorptiometry, Photon/*statistics & numerical data , Osteoporotic Fractures/*etiology , Risk Assessment/*methods, Aged ; Area Under Curve ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Hip Fractures/etiology ; Humans ; India ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; ROC Curve ; Risk Factors

مستخلص: FRAX scores were significantly higher in patients admitted with fragility fractures than controls and can be useful in choosing the right patients for bone density testing, thus using of an expensive test judiciously.
Purpose: This study was planned to compare the FRAX scores for the risk for major osteoporotic fracture (FRAX-MOF) and hip fracture (FRAX-HF) in patients with fragility fractures (cases) and those admitted for other indications (controls) in the orthopedic ward in our institute.
Methods: Historical and anthropometric data were prospectively recorded from 500 consecutive patients admitted in the orthopedic ward in in Medanta, the Medicity, Gurgaon, India. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed for FRAX-MOF and FRAX-HF and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated between cases and controls.
Results: The FRAX-MOF was significantly high in cases as compared to controls (7.34 ± 4.41 versus 5.64 ± 4.3; p = 0.001). The FRAX-HF was also significantly high in cases as compared to controls (2.95 ± 3.13 versus 1.67 ± 2.21; p < 0.001). The areas under the curves were 0.627 for FRAX-MOF and 0.654 for FRAX-HF. For FRAX-MOF, a cutoff of 2 has a 90% sensitivity, but only 15% specificity; whereas a cutoff of 10.5 had a specificity of 90% to differentiate those with and without fractures, but only 23% sensitivity. For FRAX-HF, a cutoff 0.3 had about 90% sensitivity and 20% specificity, whereas a cutoff of 3.5 had 90% specificity and 25% specificity to differentiate cases and controls.
Conclusions: This study compared the FRAX-MOF and FRAX-HF in patients with and without fragility fractures and derived cutoffs for practical clinical use of FRAX-MOF and FRAX-HF to optimize the use of DXA-BMD.

المؤلفون: Joung YH; Department of Medical Laser, Dankook University Graduate School of Medicine, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea., Jang TS; Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea., Kim JK; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Dankook University College of Health Sciences, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea. nerowolf2@dankook.ac.kr.

المصدر: Environmental science and pollution research international [Environ Sci Pollut Res Int] 2022 Mar; Vol. 29 (12), pp. 17561-17569. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Oct 20.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 9441769 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1614-7499 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09441344 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: COVID-19*/epidemiology , Communicable Diseases*, Escherichia coli ; Humans ; Meteorological Concepts ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Seasons ; Sentinel Surveillance ; Temperature

مستخلص: The outbreak of new infectious diseases is threatening human survival. Transmission of such diseases is determined by several factors, with climate being a very important factor. This study was conducted to assess the correlation between the occurrence of infectious diseases and climatic factors using data from the Sentinel Surveillance System and meteorological data from Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea. The climate of Gwangju from June to September is humid, with this city having the highest average temperature, whereas that from December to February is cold and dry. Infection rates of Salmonella (temperature: r = 0.710**; relative humidity: r = 0.669**), E. coli (r = 0.617**; r = 0.626**), rotavirus (r =  - 0.408**; r =  - 0.618**), norovirus (r =  - 0.463**; r =  - 0.316**), influenza virus (r =  - 0.726**; r =  - 0.672**), coronavirus (r =  - 0.684**; r =  - 0.408**), and coxsackievirus (r = 0.654**; r = 0.548**) have been shown to have a high correlation with seasonal changes, specifically in these meteorological factors. Pathogens showing distinct seasonality in the occurrence of infection were observed, and there was a high correlation with the climate characteristics of Gwangju. In particular, viral diseases show strong seasonality, and further research on this matter is needed. Due to the current COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine and prevention have become important to block the spread of infectious diseases. For this purpose, studies that predict infectivity through various types of data related to infection are important.
(© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

المؤلفون: Shi Y; Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.; Hunan Drug Shortage Surveillance and Early Warning Center, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.; The Hunan Institute of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China., Yang P; Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.; Hunan Drug Shortage Surveillance and Early Warning Center, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.; The Hunan Institute of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China., Li X; Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.; Hunan Drug Shortage Surveillance and Early Warning Center, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.; The Hunan Institute of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China., Lv J; Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.; Hunan Drug Shortage Surveillance and Early Warning Center, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.; The Hunan Institute of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China., Yin T; Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.; Hunan Drug Shortage Surveillance and Early Warning Center, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.; The Hunan Institute of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China., Gong Z; Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.; Hunan Drug Shortage Surveillance and Early Warning Center, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.; The Hunan Institute of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China., Sun S; Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. ssun@wne.edu.; Hunan Drug Shortage Surveillance and Early Warning Center, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. ssun@wne.edu.; The Hunan Institute of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. ssun@wne.edu.; Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, 01119, USA. ssun@wne.edu., Zhou B; Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. botingzhou0918@126.com.; Hunan Drug Shortage Surveillance and Early Warning Center, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. botingzhou0918@126.com.; The Hunan Institute of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. botingzhou0918@126.com.

المصدر: International journal of clinical pharmacy [Int J Clin Pharm] 2020 Apr; Vol. 42 (2), pp. 309-314. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Feb 11.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 101554912 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2210-7711 (Electronic) NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Clin Pharm Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Drug Industry/*organization & administration , Prescription Drugs/*supply & distribution, China ; Drug Substitution/standards ; Drugs, Essential/supply & distribution ; Government Programs/organization & administration ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Sentinel Surveillance

مستخلص: Like other countries, China has been experiencing drug shortages during the past years, including drugs on the National Essential Medicine List and emergency drugs. Drug shortages have raised public concerns in China and have severe impacts on all stakeholders in the supply chain, especially patients and hospitals. Recently, Chinese governments have ramped up several measures to ensure a steady supply of essential and first-aid drugs. In this commentary, we share our experiences of addressing drug shortages at Hunan Province, central China. We focus on the establishment of a provincial drug shortage monitoring center, and the Center's efforts to standardize practices on the management of drug shortages and identify therapeutic alternatives for drugs in short supply based on international best practices.

عنوان ترانسليتريتد: Daten zur Antibiotikaresistenzlage in Deutschland. Vier Jahre Antibiotika-Resistenz-Surveillance (ARS).

المؤلفون: Noll I; Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, DGZ-Ring 1, Berlin, Germany., Schweickert B, Abu Sin M, Feig M, Claus H, Eckmanns T

المصدر: Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz [Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz] 2012 Nov; Vol. 55 (11-12), pp. 1370-6.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 101181368 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1437-1588 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14369990 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Drug Resistance, Bacterial* , Klebsiella pneumoniae*/drug effects , Klebsiella pneumoniae*/enzymology , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus* , Sentinel Surveillance*, Cefotaxime/*therapeutic use , Community-Acquired Infections/*drug therapy , Cross Infection/*drug therapy , Escherichia coli Infections/*drug therapy , Klebsiella Infections/*drug therapy , Staphylococcal Infections/*drug therapy , beta-Lactamases/*metabolism, Bacteremia/drug therapy ; Bacteremia/epidemiology ; Bacteremia/microbiology ; Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology ; Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology ; Cross Infection/epidemiology ; Cross Infection/microbiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Escherichia coli/drug effects ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; Escherichia coli Infections/epidemiology ; Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology ; Germany ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data ; Klebsiella Infections/epidemiology ; Klebsiella Infections/microbiology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology

مستخلص: In 2007, the Robert Koch Institute established the infrastructure for the national Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (ARS) system. Laboratories submit data of routine susceptibility testing of clinical samples from hospitals as well as from outpatient care settings in a standardized format to the Robert Koch Institute for central processing. The database for the period 2008-2011 comprises data of about 1.3 million samples from patients in hospital care and almost 800,000 samples from outpatients. Based on SIR interpretations of susceptibility, the trends of methicillin resistance of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and cefotaxime non-susceptibility as an indicator of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were analyzed for four care settings or categories: hospital care, outpatient care, intensive care units, and isolates from blood cultures. After constant high levels of above 20%, the proportion of MRSA isolates showed a decline for the first time from 2010 to 2011 in hospital care overall, in intensive care units as well as in blood cultures; in outpatient care, MRSA proportions of about 13% were observed. Within the observed period, non-susceptibility to cefotaxime as an indicator of ESBL in E. coli showed an increasing trend in hospital care at a level above 10% in intensive care units, while cefotaxime non-susceptibility in K. pneumoniae was more frequent but without any trend. In outpatient care, the proportions of cefotaxime non-susceptibility increased year by year in both species resulting in nearly a doubling to 6%.

المؤلفون: Vanthomme K; OD Public Health and Surveillance, Scientific Institute of Public Health, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium. katrien.vanthomme@wiv-isp.be, Bossuyt N, Boffin N, Van Casteren V

المصدر: European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology [Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis] 2012 Sep; Vol. 31 (9), pp. 2385-90. Date of Electronic Publication: 2012 Mar 06.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 8804297 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1435-4373 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09349723 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: General Practitioners* , Sentinel Surveillance*, Lyme Disease/*drug therapy , Lyme Disease/*epidemiology, Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Belgium/epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Lyme Disease/diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

مستخلص: An increasing incidence of tick bites and Lyme disease has been noticed internationally. The aims of this study are threefold: to estimate the incidence of tick bites and erythema migrans, to assess the compliance of the general practitioners (GPs) with the recommendations about the management of tick bites and erythema migrans, and finally, to have a look at the evolution over time, both on incidence and management. We used data of the Belgian network of sentinel general practitioners (SGP) to study the incidence rates in Belgium, the trend over time, and the degree of compliance of the SGP. The overall Belgian incidence rates in the SGP practice in 2008-2009 were 18.65 (95% CI 17.29-20.08) per 10,000 persons for tick bites and 9.02 (95% CI 8.08-10.03) for erythema migrans. The diagnostic management of patients with an asymptomatic tick bite has worsened over time, while the therapeutic management of erythema migrans has improved over time. The international increasing trend of the incidence was not observed in the SGP. There is still room for improvement concerning the approach of the GPs. Recommendations could help to improve their approach.

المؤلفون: Khuwaja S; Bureau of Epidemiology, Houston Department of Health and Human Services (HDHHS), Houston, TX 77054, USA. Salma.khuwaja@houstontx.gov, Mgbere O, Awosika-Olumo A, Momin F, Ngo K

المصدر: Journal of community health [J Community Health] 2011 Oct; Vol. 36 (5), pp. 857-63.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 7600747 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-3610 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00945145 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Community Health Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype* , Sentinel Surveillance*, Influenza, Human/*epidemiology, Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Seasons ; Texas/epidemiology ; Young Adult

مستخلص: The advent of the novel H1N1 virus prompted the Houston Department of Health and Human services (HDHHS) to use the existing sentinel surveillance system to effectively monitor the situation of novel H1N1 virus in the Houston metropolitan area. The objective of this study was to evaluate the demographic characteristics and common symptoms associated with confirmed cases of seasonal influenza and Novel H1N1 virus reported to HDHHS between October 2008 and October 2009. A total of 30 providers were randomly selected using the probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling technique to participate in a sentinel surveillance system. The system was used to effectively monitor both seasonal and novel H1N1 virus in the Houston metropolitan area. These providers collected and submitted specimens for testing at HDHHS laboratory from patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) symptoms who visited their clinics during the period, October 2008 and October 2009. These data formed the basis of the current study. Data obtained were subjected to both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses using SAS software version 9.1.3. Overall a total of 1,122 ILI cases were reported to HDHHS by sentinel providers and tested by HDHHS laboratory. Of this number 296 (67.5%) specimens tested positive for influenza A; 140 (32.0%) for influenza B, and 2 (0.46%) for influenza A/B. Two hundred and fifty-nine (59%) were confirmed cases of seasonal influenza and 179 (41%) were novel H1N1 subtype, respectively. The median ages for seasonal influenza and novel H1N1 virus were 7 and 8 years, with majority of the cases reported among children of age 5-9 years. Fever was the most common symptom reported among patients with seasonal flu and novel H1N1 virus, followed by cough. Twenty-three percent (23%) of patients who were vaccinated against seasonal flu prior to the epidemic were infected with seasonal flu virus. The sentinel surveillance system provided timely data on the circulating ILI that assisted in making decisions regarding response activities for both seasonal and novel H1N1 influenza.