المؤلفون: Neidhöfer, Guido, Ciaschi, Matías, Gasparini, Leonardo, Serrano, Joaquín

المصدر: Journal of Economic Growth; Jun2024, Vol. 29 Issue 2, p327-359, 33p

مصطلحات موضوعية: ECONOMIC mobility, SOCIAL mobility, ECONOMIC development, INTERGENERATIONAL mobility, EDUCATIONAL mobility

مستخلص: We explore the relationship between social mobility and economic development. First, we map the geography of intergenerational mobility in education for 52 Latin American regions, and examine its evolution over time. Then, through a new weighting procedure considering the level of participation of various cohorts in the economy in each year, we estimate the association between changes in mobility and regional economic indicators, such as income per capita, inequality, poverty, labor formality, and luminosity. Our findings show that increasing social mobility is consistently associated with economic development and growth in Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Zhao, Baining, Wang, Xuzhe, Zhang, Tianyu, Shi, Rongye, Xu, Fengli, Man, Fanhang, Chen, Erbing, Li, Yang, Li, Yong, Sun, Tao, Chen, Xinlei

المصدر: Humanities & Social Sciences Communications; 5/8/2024, Vol. 11 Issue 1, p1-15, 15p

مصطلحات موضوعية: COVID-19 pandemic, STAY-at-home orders, COMMUNICABLE diseases, VIRUS diseases, CHOICE of transportation, INTERGENERATIONAL mobility, TRAVEL hygiene

مصطلحات جغرافية: CHINA

مستخلص: Comprehending the complex interplay among urban mobility, human behavior, and the COVID-19 pandemic could deliver vital perspectives to steer forthcoming public health endeavors. In late 2022, China lifted its "Zero-COVID" policy and rapidly abandoned nearly all interventions. It provides a unique opportunity to observe spontaneous mobility changes without government restriction throughout such a pandemic with high infection. Based on 148 million travel data from the public bus, subway, and taxi systems in Shenzhen, China, our analysis reveals discernible spatial discrepancies within mobility patterns. This phenomenon can be ascribed to the heterogeneous responses of mobility behavior tailored to specific purposes and travel modes in reaction to the pandemic. Considering both the physiological effects of virus infection and subjective willingness to travel, a dynamic model is proposed and capable of fitting fine-grained urban mobility. The analysis and model can interpret mobility data and underlying population behavior to inform policymakers when evaluating public health strategies against future large-scale infectious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Simpfenderfer, Amanda

المصدر: Research in Higher Education; May2024, Vol. 65 Issue 3, p379-416, 38p

مصطلحات موضوعية: INTERGENERATIONAL mobility, STRUCTURAL equation modeling, EDUCATIONAL mobility, ECONOMIC mobility, HIGHER education, SOCIAL mobility

مستخلص: Traditional research on the role of higher education in intergenerational mobility scrapes the surface of how complex institutional environments contribute to improved socioeconomic outcomes for students. Drawing from economics, sociology, and higher education research, this study interrogates the complexities of the relationship between students and institutions to understand what factors influence an institution's ability to facilitate upward socioeconomic mobility. Drawing data from Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Baccalaureate and Beyond 08/12, and Opportunity Insights data, multi-level structural equation modeling was employed to examine how institutional quality, mediated by peer environment and compositional racial diversity of faculty and staff, explain differences in institutional intergenerational mobility rates across institutions. The findings reveal that higher levels of institutional quality and peer environment were associated with lower levels of intergenerational mobility. In contrast, institutions with higher percentages of faculty and staff of color had higher intergenerational mobility rates. These findings demonstrate the importance of examining institutional factors in relation to intergenerational mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Thai, Nhat Quang N., LaCroix, Andrea Z., Haring, Bernhard, Wactawski-Wende, Jean, Manson, JoAnn E., Posis, Alexander Ivan B., Shadyab, Aladdin H.

المصدر: GeroScience; Apr2024, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p2083-2092, 10p

مصطلحات موضوعية: OLDER women, TELOMERES, SOUTHERN blot, LEUCOCYTES, CORONARY disease, INTERGENERATIONAL mobility

مستخلص: The association of leukocyte telomere length (LTL) with survival to late life with intact mobility has not been adequately studied. This prospective cohort study consisted of 1451 postmenopausal women from a Women's Health Initiative ancillary study, who were eligible, because of birth year, to survive to age 90 as of March 6, 2021. LTL was measured by Southern blot at baseline (1993–1998). Associations between LTL and survival to age 90 were evaluated using logistic regression models adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics, health factors, and lifestyle factors. Multinominal logistic regression was utilized to examine associations of LTL with survival to age 90 with or without intact mobility. Mediation analysis examined the extent to which incident coronary heart disease and stroke-mediated the association between LTL and longevity. Overall, 76.7% of women were White, and 23.3% were Black; average age at baseline was 70.4±3.5 years. Relative to death before age 90, the odds of survival to age 90 were 60% higher (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.28–2.01), the odds of survival to age 90 with mobility limitation were 72% higher (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.33–2.21), and the odds of survival to age 90 with intact mobility were 44% higher (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.06–1.95) for every one kilobase longer LTL. Absence of CHD, stroke, or CHD/stroke mediated the association of LTL with survival to age 90 by 11.1%, 37.4%, and 31.3%, respectively; however, these findings were not significant. Longer LTL was associated with higher odds of survival to age 90 among older women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Demirtaş, Nizam Melikşah, Torul, Orhan

المصدر: Journal of Economic Inequality; Mar2024, Vol. 22 Issue 1, p185-209, 25p

مصطلحات موضوعية: INTERGENERATIONAL mobility, SONS, WOMEN'S employment, INCOME distribution, INCOME, ELASTICITY (Economics), DAUGHTERS

مصطلحات جغرافية: TURKEY

الشركة/الكيان: TUERKIYE Istatistik Kurumu

مستخلص: In this study, we examine intergenerational income mobility in Turkey using data from the Turkish Statistical Institute's Survey of Income and Living Conditions and the TS2SLS methodology. Our findings reveal an intergenerational earnings elasticity of 0.51 between fathers and sons and 1 between fathers and daughters. This gender disparity stems from historically low female labor force participation and self-selection of women into employment in Turkey. Our estimates for household income elasticity for both sons and daughters are similar, at around 0.8. We also observe a slight decrease in intergenerational mobility for more recent birth cohorts, consistent with trends in other countries. Our further analysis using rank-rank slopes and transition matrices indicates weak intergenerational rank mobility and strong persistence at both ends of the income distribution in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Siddiqui, Laeek Ahemad, Shokeen, Namrata

المصدر: Social Indicators Research; Mar2024, Vol. 172 Issue 1, p219-237, 19p

مصطلحات موضوعية: INTERGENERATIONAL mobility, EDUCATIONAL mobility, INDIAN women (Asians), WEAVERS, YOUNG women, EDUCATIONAL attainment

مصطلحات جغرافية: VARANASI (Uttar Pradesh, India), INDIA

مستخلص: Macro-level studies on intergenerational mobility among women in India suggests that, there is a need to further probe certain excluded communities that have a higher likelihood of persistence of educational status among women through micro-level studies. The present study investigates the extent and drivers of high/low intergenerational educational mobility among young women (vis-à-vis their mothers) belonging to the weavers' community of Varanasi, India. Using transition/mobility matrices and mobility measures, along with qualitative methods, the paper builds on a mixed-methods study conducted among 364 households of weavers' community from Varanasi. The qualitative data includes a total of 8 respondents with 5 KIIs and 3 IDIs. The study shows that the overall intergenerational educational mobility among women (vis-à-vis their mothers) from the weavers' community of Varanasi is 0.30 and there is no downward mobility. The qualitative findings further highlight various reasons enabling or preventing high educational mobility in the given context. In conclusion, the paper illustrates several micro-level issues and disparities in intergenerational educational mobility that are not clearly evident through the macro-level studies and further helps in making informed policy decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Hagge, Kyra, Schacht, Diana

المصدر: Social Indicators Research; Mar2024, Vol. 172 Issue 1, p99-120, 22p

مصطلحات موضوعية: RESIDENTIAL mobility, SOCIAL support, SOCIAL networks, INTERNAL migration, SOCIAL mobility, INTERGENERATIONAL mobility

مصطلحات جغرافية: GERMANY

مستخلص: Increasing residential mobility is said to challenge existing social support systems as mobility raises geographic distances between family members. Since family social support is essential for health and well-being, this study investigates whether residential mobility affects familial social support following changes in proximity to family and kin. By applying a stepwise linear regression on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel study, this paper is looking at variations between different residential mobility trajectories regarding social support provision and spatial proximity to family members in Germany over a 10-year period. Our findings show that people who are moving within Germany are receiving significantly more social support from their family and kin, while internationally mobile respondents receive less compared to non-mobile people. Mediation analyses show that proximity to family and kin are accounting for the negative effect of international mobility on social support but cannot explain the positive effect of internal migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Cortes Orihuela, Javier, Díaz, Juan D., Gutiérrez Cubillos, Pablo, Troncoso, Pablo A.

المصدر: International Tax & Public Finance; Feb2024, Vol. 31 Issue 1, p66-94, 29p

مصطلحات موضوعية: INTERGENERATIONAL mobility, DEVELOPING countries, LEAST squares

مستخلص: This paper revisits the two-sample two-stage least squares (TSTSLS) method, commonly used to estimate intergenerational mobility measures without linked parent–child earnings data. First, we study the TSTSLS intergenerational earnings elasticity (IGE) by decomposing it into the IGE estimated via OLS with linked parent–child earnings data, a projection bias, and a variance bias. We propose a parsimonious procedure, the doubly corrected TSTSLS (DC-TSTSLS), to (i) eliminate the variance bias and (ii) reduce the prediction bias. Our method provides a lower bound for the IGE estimate via OLS with linked earnings data. Second, we formally study the rank-rank correlation estimated through TSTSLS by decomposing the estimator into the rank-rank correlation estimated through OLS with linked data and a projection bias. We deliver analytical conditions for when this estimate is a lower-bound of the OLS rank-rank correlation estimated using linked data. Finally, we use parent–child linked administrative data from a developing country to test our lower-bound method through an empirical Monte Carlo approach, confirming its validity. Our doubly corrected IGE and rank-rank TSTSLS estimators are informative lower bounds of their respective OLS intergenerational mobility estimates computed using linked data. Our results suggest that the following practices should be implemented when the TSTSLS method is used to estimate intergenerational mobility measures: (i) report the estimates of the rank-rank correlation computed through TSTSLS, and (ii) implement our lower-bound methodology when facing data constraints, (i.e., only a few controls are available to impute parental earnings). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Li, Zhen, Zhu, Yu, Wu, Yingji

المصدر: Population Research & Policy Review; Feb2024, Vol. 43 Issue 1, p1-30, 30p

مصطلحات موضوعية: STUDENT aspirations, CITIES & towns, CHILDREN of immigrants, PARENTS, OCCUPATIONAL prestige, INTERGENERATIONAL mobility, CHINA studies

مصطلحات جغرافية: SHANGHAI (China), CHINA

مستخلص: There is a socioeconomic hierarchy by people's migration and hukou status in urban migration destinations in China. Children's education determines to a large extent how that hierarchy evolves into the future. Using a sample of 473 children from the Shanghai Urban Neighborhood Survey, we examine how hukou and migration status stratifies parents' educational aspirations for children in big cities in China. Results suggest that "migrant optimism" exists among permanent migrants and temporary migrants with rural hukou in Shanghai. Everything else being equal, both permanent migrants and temporary migrants with rural hukou have higher educational aspirations for children than native parents. Moreover, adjusting for hukou-based differential treatments in the labor market and unequal information access, the difference in educational aspirations for children between native residents and temporary migrants with rural hukou becomes even larger. To the extent that parents' educational aspirations for children are closely linked with children's eventual educational and occupational attainment, these results suggest that children of permanent migrants are likely to maintain their parents' socioeconomic advantages. Children of temporary migrants with rural hukou have great potentials to achieve upward intergenerational mobility. However, given China's hukou-based educational policies, temporary migrants face enormous difficulties in realizing their educational aspirations in destination cities. Policy implications of our findings are discussed in the end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Zhang, Yunke, Xu, Fengli, Chen, Lin, Yuan, Yuan, Evans, James, Bettencourt, Luis, Li, Yong

المصدر: Humanities & Social Sciences Communications; 1/9/2024, Vol. 11 Issue 1, p1-12, 12p

مصطلحات موضوعية: CITIES & towns, COUNTERFACTUALS (Logic), COVID-19 pandemic, URBAN planning, INCOME inequality, INTERGENERATIONAL mobility, CITY dwellers

مستخلص: Living in cities affords expanded access to various resources, infrastructures, and services at reduced travel costs, which improves social life and promotes systemic gains. However, recent research shows that urban dwellers also experience inequality in accessing urban facilities, which manifests in distinct travel and visitation patterns for residents with different demographic backgrounds. Here, we go beyond simple flawed correlation analysis and reveal prevalent accessibility gaps by quantifying the causal effects of resident demographics on mobility patterns extracted from U.S. residents' detailed interactions with millions of urban venues. Moreover, to efficiently reveal micro neighborhood-level accessibility gaps, we design a novel Counterfactual RANdom-walks-based Embedding (CRANE) method to learn continuous embedding vectors on urban mobility networks with confounding effects disentangled. Our analysis reveals significant income and racial gaps in mobility frequency and visitation rates to sports and education venues. Besides, bachelor's degree holders experience greater mobility reduction during the COVID-19 crisis. With extensive experiments on neighborhood-level accessibility prediction and visualizing accessibility gaps with embeddings vectors, we demonstrate that the counterfactual mobility network embeddings can improve the explanatory capacity and robustness of revealed accessibility gaps by extending them from aggregate statistics to individual neighborhoods and allowing for cross-city knowledge transfer. As such, urban mobility networks can reveal consistent accessibility gaps in the U.S., calling for urgent urban design policies to fill in the gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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