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المؤلفون: Reidar Schei Jessen, Erik Stänicke, Linda David, Anne Wæhre
المصدر: Archives of Sexual Behavior
مصطلحات موضوعية: Gender dysphoria, Adult, Gender non-conforming youth, Adolescent, Transgender Persons, Developmental psychology, Gender affirmative care, Phenomenology (philosophy), Young Adult, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Transgender, medicine, Humans, Everyday life, General Psychology, Qualitative Research, Original Paper, Conceptualization, Negotiating, Infant, Newborn, Gender Identity, medicine.disease, Transformative learning, Phenomenology, Female, Thematic analysis, Psychology, Qualitative research
الوصف: A growing number of adolescents are seeking medical care to alleviate gender dysphoria (GD). This qualitative study explored the subjective experiences of GD among help-seeking transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) youth in order to develop a more nuanced conceptualization of the phenomenon. Fifteen life-mode interviews were conducted with newly referred youth between the ages of 13 and 19. All participants were assigned female at birth. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The participants targeted five major themes that characterize GD: (1) Bodily sensations were constant reminders of GD throughout the day, (2) emotional memories from the past of being different and outside triggered GD, (3) the process of coming out was a transformative experience that changed how the participants understood themselves, (4) GD both increased and decreased in relation to others, (5) everyday life required careful negotiation to feel whole without developing new forms of GD. Based on the results, we suggest a more conceptually nuanced model of GD, one which accounts for how bodily sensations and emotional memories from the past were sources that elicited GD. The sources were mediated through the process of coming out and relating to others, and this resulted in the negotiation of GD today. The conceptual model suggested in the present study could ideally shed light on preexisting knowledge on TGNC youth struggling with GD. In addition, an improved understanding of GD could ideally help clinicians when addressing individual treatment needs.
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المؤلفون: Temidayo Ogunrinu, Shane Wallace, Jane Yun, Juan Carlos Belliard, Pramil N. Singh, Anne Berit Petersen
المصدر: Journal of Community Health
مصطلحات موضوعية: Program evaluation, Adult, Health (social science), medicine.medical_treatment, Motivational interviewing, Ethnic group, California, Return to smoking/relapse, Pregnancy, Recurrence, medicine, Humans, mHealth, Tobacco Use Cessation, Original Paper, Motivation, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, Cohort, Smoking cessation, Female, Smoking Cessation, business, Demography, Qualitative research
الوصف: Smoking during pregnancy remains one of the most significant risk factors for poor birth outcomes. During 2012-2019, the Loma Linda University Health Comprehensive Tobacco Treatment Program (CTTP) used a multicomponent behavioral intervention for tobacco cessation for 1402 pregnant smokers with components of known efficacy (i.e., incentives, biomarker testing, feedback, and motivational interviewing). The CTTP cohort includes a multi-ethnic sample of pregnant women with a mean age of 27 years referred by collaborating community-based healthcare providers in San Bernardino county. Evaluation of program outcomes from 7 years of follow-up (2012-2019) creates a rich cohort dataset for implementation science research to examine the real-world effectiveness of the program. In this report, we provide a cohort profile, and 8-week prolonged abstinence (8-week PA) and relapse findings from the first year of follow-up (n = 233). We found: (1) 28.4% achieved 8-week PA, (2) At a median of 6.2 months of follow-up after achieving 8-week PA, 23.2% of enrolled subjects reported tobacco cessation, and (3) a high rate of loss to follow-up (44%). In addition, our modeling indicated that the odds of relapse/smoking after enrollment was significantly higher in young mothers, non-Hispanic mothers (White, Black/African-American), mothers in the first and third trimester, and rural mothers. Formative quantitative and qualitative research on the CTTP cohort will consider the effects of a range of implementation science (number of intervention sessions, addition of a mHealth component, distance to care) and individual (partner/household smoking, birth outcomes, NICU) outcome measures for the purpose of scaling up the CTTP model.
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المؤلفون: Samantha Mahinda, Sylvia Ayon, Gitau Mburu, Khoshnood Kaveh
المصدر: Maternal and Child Health Journal
مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Epidemiology, Substance-Related Disorders, Psychological intervention, Maternal, Article, Interviews as Topic, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, medicine, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, 030212 general & internal medicine, Drug use, Qualitative Research, Harm reduction, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, business.industry, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Focus Groups, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Focus group, Kenya, Sexual Partners, Socioeconomic Factors, Family planning, Family medicine, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Africa, Female, Pregnant Women, Thematic analysis, business, Qualitative research
الوصف: IntroductionDrug use during pregnancy can have negative effects on maternal and child health. However, there is a dearth of data regarding drug use among pregnant women in Kenya, where illicit drug use is on the rise. In this paper, we report factors influencing women’s decisions to use drugs during pregnancy.MethodsIn 2015, we conducted in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 45 women who inject drugs and five key stakeholders involved in provision of services to people who use drugs in coastal Kenya. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted to draw out themes related to key determinants of drug use during pregnancy.ResultsFour key themes emerged outlining determinants of drug use during pregnancy: (i) the use of drugs to cope with the stress of unexpected pregnancy, (ii) the continued drug use during pregnancy to manage withdrawal, (iii) the dual effect of pregnancy on drug use either as a facilitator or as a moderator of drug use, and (iv) the role of male intimate partner in influencing women’s drug use during pregnancy.ConclusionOur paper reports women’s drug use during pregnancy and the factors influencing this phenomenon. To safeguard the health and well-being of pregnant women and their unborn children, there is a need for education and awareness raising, implementing couple-based harm reduction approaches to leverage on positive male influences, improving availability of drug treatment, and provision of family planning interventions for women who use drugs.
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المؤلفون: Joanne Nicholson, Kelly English, Miriam Heyman
المصدر: Community Mental Health Journal
مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Mental Health Services, Parents, Health (social science), Psychological intervention, Exploratory research, Practitioner training, Coaching, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Humans, Learning, 030212 general & internal medicine, Medical education, Original Paper, business.industry, Debriefing, Parents with mental illness, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Mentoring, Collaborative learning, Mental health, Learning collaborative, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Helpfulness, Feasibility Studies, Psychology, business, Qualitative research, Family-focused practice
الوصف: This study investigates the feasibility and impact of the ParentingWell Learning Collaborative (PWLC) model in supporting mental health practitioners in implementing the family-focused ParentingWell practice approach with adults with mental illness. An exploratory design and qualitative methods were employed. Practitioners (n = 29) participated in in-person orientation, training and debriefing sessions; virtual coaching sessions; and via an interactive online hub. Researchers obtained data on participant engagement and satisfaction, and participants’ reports of use, helpfulness, intention to use and impact. Participants were engaged in and highly satisfied with the PWLC. They deployed PWLC skills, tools and resources with parents. Evidence of impact was provided at the personal, practice and organizational levels. This study provides preliminary support for the feasibility and impact of the PWLC. Clear specification of a theoretically-based training model for practitioners is an essential step in adapting, implementing and testing interventions in new contexts .
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المؤلفون: Jochen Vollmann, Anna Werning, Georg Juckel, Jakov Gather, Ina Otte, Alexa Nossek
المصدر: Community Mental Health Journal
مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Hospitals, Psychiatric, medicine.medical_specialty, Health (social science), Process (engineering), Adult psychiatry, Medizin, Experienced involvement, Peer support, Peer Group, Mental healthcare, Qualitative empirical research, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Germany, medicine, Experiential knowledge, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Longitudinal Studies, Psychiatry, Qualitative observation, Qualitative Research, Original Paper, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Individual development, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Implementation, Qualitative content analysis, Psychology
الوصف: Peer support workers (PSWs) use their experiential knowledge and specific skills to support patients in their recovery process. The aim of our study was to examine the integration and role-finding process of PSWs in adult psychiatric hospitals in Germany. We conducted open nonparticipant observations of 25 multiprofessional team meetings and 5 transregional peer support worker meetings over a period of six months. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Regarding the integration of PSWs into multiprofessional teams, we identified three subcategories: “Features of success,” “challenges” and “positioning between team and patients.” Concerning the PSWs’ roles, we developed two subcategories: “Offers” and “self-perception.” The PSWs’ specific roles within a multiprofessional mental healthcare team evolve in a process over a longer period of time. This role-finding process should be supported by a framework role description which leaves sufficient freedom for individual development. Regular opportunities for mutual exchange among PSWs can help to address specific support needs at different points in time.
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المؤلفون: Katie Bohling, Dana Aronson Schinasi, Carrie Alden, Khrystyna Helner, Carolyn C. Foster, Amanda Snyder, Michelle M. Steltzer, Kiona Y. Allen
المصدر: Pediatric Cardiology
مصطلحات موضوعية: Program evaluation, Adult, Male, Parents, Telemedicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Video visit, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Univentricular Heart, Multimodality, Nurse coordinator, 03 medical and health sciences, Interstage home monitoring, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, 030225 pediatrics, Medicine, Humans, Qualitative Research, Univariate analysis, Remote patient monitoring, business.industry, Family caregivers, Infant, Vascular surgery, Focus Groups, Focus group, Home Care Services, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Emergency medicine, Advanced practice provider, Female, Original Article, Thematic analysis, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Program Evaluation
الوصف: Performing interstage home monitoring using digital platforms (teleIHM) is becoming commonplace but, when used alone, may still require frequent travel for in-person care. We evaluated the acceptability, feasibility, and added value of integrating teleIHM with synchronous telemedicine video visits (VVs) and asynchronous video/photo sharing (V/P) during the interstage period. We conducted a descriptive program evaluation of patient-families receiving integrated multimodality telemedicine (teleIHM + VV + V/P) interstage care from 7/15/2018 to 05/15/2020. First, provider focus groups were conducted to develop a program logic model. Second, patient characteristics and clinical course were reviewed and analyzed with univariate statistics. Third, semi-structured qualitative interviews of family caregivers’ experiences were assessed using applied thematic analysis. Within the study period, 41 patients received teleIHM + VV + V/P care, of which 6 were still interstage and 4 died. About half (51%) of patients were female and 54% were a racial/ethnic minority. Median age was 42 days old (IQR 25, 58) at interstage start, with a median of 113 total days (IQR 72, 151). A total of 551 VVs were conducted with a median 12 VVs (IQR 7, 18) per patient. Parents sent a median 2 pictures (IQR 0–3, range 0–82). Qualitatively, families reported an adjustment period to teleIHM, but engaged favorably with telemedicine overall. Families felt reassured by the oversight routine telemedicine provided and identified logistical and clinical value to VVs above teleIHM alone, while acknowledging trade-offs with in-person care. Integration of multimodality telemedicine is a feasible and acceptable approach to enhance in-home care during the interstage period.
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::91e50d0b8a714b1405ffebf44b44c12c
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC7573871 -
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المؤلفون: Martin Schnuerch, Jeffrey N. Rouder, Lena Nadarevic
المصدر: Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
مصطلحات موضوعية: Truth effect, Adult, Discounting, Theoretical Review, Bayesian probability, Individuality, Sign (semiotics), Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Cognition, Bayes factor, Bayes Theorem, Qualitative differences, Task (project management), Bayesian model comparison, Judgment, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Hierarchical models, Phenomenon, Individual differences, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, Metric (unit), Psychology, Qualitative Research, Cognitive psychology
الوصف: The repetition-induced truth effect refers to a phenomenon where people rate repeated statements as more likely true than novel statements. In this paper, we document qualitative individual differences in the effect. While the overwhelming majority of participants display the usual positive truth effect, a minority are the opposite—they reliably discount the validity of repeated statements, what we refer to as negative truth effect. We examine eight truth-effect data sets where individual-level data are curated. These sets are composed of 1105 individuals performing 38,904 judgments. Through Bayes factor model comparison, we show that reliable negative truth effects occur in five of the eight data sets. The negative truth effect is informative because it seems unreasonable that the mechanisms mediating the positive truth effect are the same that lead to a discounting of repeated statements’ validity. Moreover, the presence of qualitative differences motivates a different type of analysis of individual differences based on ordinal (i.e., Which sign does the effect have?) rather than metric measures. To our knowledge, this paper reports the first such reliable qualitative differences in a cognitive task.
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المؤلفون: Zachary Wagner, Susan Nakubulwa, Sebastian Linnemayr, Uzaib Saya, Stewart Walukaga, Yvonne Karamagi, Larissa Jennings Mayo-Wilson, Sarah MacCarthy
المصدر: AIDS and Behavior
مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, Mixed methods, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Health Services Accessibility, 0302 clinical medicine, Hiv infected, Pandemic, Uganda, 030212 general & internal medicine, Survey, Qualitative Research, Attendance, Fear, Middle Aged, Health psychology, Infectious Diseases, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Quarantine, Female, 0305 other medical science, ART, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Social Psychology, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Medication Adherence, Interviews as Topic, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, Pandemics, Aged, Original Paper, 030505 public health, Descriptive statistics, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, HIV, COVID-19, Telephone, Antiretroviral treatment, Adherence, Family medicine, business, Mobile phone
الوصف: COVID-19 measures that restrict movement may negatively impact access to HIV care and treatment. To contribute to the currently limited evidence, we used telephone interviews with quantitative and qualitative questions to examine how clients perceived COVID-19 and its effect on their HIV care and ART adherence. One hundred (n = 100) Ugandan adults on ART from an existing study were randomly selected and enrolled. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and rapid content analyses. 76% of clients indicated that COVID-19 negatively impacted travel to HIV clinics; 54% perceived that coming to the clinic increased their risk of acquiring COVID-19; and 14% said that COVID-19 had negatively impacted their ART adherence. Qualitative feedback suggests that fear of COVID-19 infection discouraged clinic attendance while stay-at-home orders helped routinize ART adherence and employ new community-based approaches for HIV care. Addressing negative unintended consequences of COVID-19 lockdowns on HIV care is urgently needed.
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المؤلفون: Javier Lopez-Rios, Corey A Morrison, David W. Pantalone, Alexa B D'Angelo, Caitlin MacCrate, Christian Grov, Matthew Stief
المصدر: AIDS and Behavior
مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Counseling, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Telemedicine, Social Psychology, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Men who have sex with men, Phone, Qualitative research, Humans, Medicine, Confidentiality, MSM, Homosexuality, Male, Original Paper, business.industry, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, virus diseases, HIV, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, HIV testing, Health psychology, Infectious Diseases, Family medicine, business, Behavioral Research
الوصف: Improving HIV testing rates and increasing early detection among men who have sex with men (MSM) are critical strategies for enhancing overall health and decreasing HIV transmission. Remote testing and phone delivery of HIV test results may reduce barriers such as geographic isolation or HIV-related stigma. In 2018-19, 50 MSM completed qualitative interviews about their experience receiving a positive HIV test result via phone through their participation in a research study that included remote HIV testing. Interview topics included the acceptability of, and concerns about, phone delivery of HIV results, as well as suggestions for improvement. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and analysed using an inductive thematic approach. Overall, participants reported high acceptability of phone delivery of HIV-positive results. Participants praised the support and information provided by study staff. Benefits identified included increased convenience compared to in-person medical visits, allowing participants to emotionally process their test results privately, as well as receiving the results from supportive and responsive staff members. A few participants indicated drawbacks to phone-based HIV test result delivery, such as logistical concerns about receiving a phone call during the day (e.g., while at work), reduced confidentiality, and the lack of in-person emotional support. Overall, participants described phone delivery of positive HIV-results as acceptable. At-home testing with phone delivery has the potential to increase HIV testing access, especially to geographically isolated or medically underserved patients.
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المؤلفون: William Mandy, Janina Brede, Lucy Serpell, Mair Elliott, Cathy Zanker, Charlotte Babb, John R. E. Fox, Catherine R. G. Jones, Kate Tchanturia
المصدر: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Anorexia Nervosa, Autism, Emotions, Psychology of self, Self-concept, Developmental psychology, Feeding and Eating Disorders, 03 medical and health sciences, Interpersonal relationship, 0302 clinical medicine, Females, Qualitative research, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Co-occurrence, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Autistic Disorder, Problem Solving, Original Paper, 05 social sciences, medicine.disease, Social relation, Anorexia, Eating disorders, Anorexia nervosa (differential diagnoses), Female, Thematic analysis, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 050104 developmental & child psychology
الوصف: Autistic women are overrepresented among people in treatment for Anorexia Nervosa (AN). The current study aimed to: (1) better understand how AN develops and persists in autistic individuals from the perspective of autistic women, parents and healthcare professionals; (2) derive a theoretical model of restrictive eating difficulties in autism. We conducted 44 semi-structured interviews and used Thematic Analysis to identify patterns of meaning across the data. Themes related to sensory sensitivities, social interaction and relationships, sense of self and identity, difficulties with emotions, thinking styles, and a need for control and predictability. We developed a model of potential autism-specific mechanisms underlying restrictive eating difficulties. This study generated novel insights, which have the potential to inform treatment adaptations following empirical testing. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10803-020-04479-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
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