المؤلفون: Caruso I; Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy., Giorgino F; Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.

المصدر: Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews [Diabetes Metab Res Rev] 2020 Nov; Vol. 36 (8), pp. e3346. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jun 18.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100883450 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1520-7560 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15207552 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Diabetes Metab Res Rev Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Betacoronavirus/*isolation & purification , Coronavirus Infections/*complications , Diabetes Mellitus/*virology , Lung Diseases/*etiology , Pneumonia, Viral/*complications, COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology ; Humans ; Lung Diseases/pathology ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; SARS-CoV-2

المؤلفون: Abdelmaksoud A; Mansoura Dermatology, Venerology and Leprology Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt., Vestita M; Unit of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.; Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., El-Amawy HS; Dermatology and Venereology Department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt., Ayhan E; Department of Dermatology, University of Health Sciences, Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey., An İ; şanlıurfa Training and Research Hospital, şanlıurfa, Turkey., Öztürk M; Van Training and Research Hospital, Van, Turkey., Goldust M; Department of Dermatology, University of Rome G. Marconi, Rome, Italy.; Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

المصدر: Dermatologic therapy [Dermatol Ther] 2020 Jul; Vol. 33 (4), pp. e13482. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 May 20.

نوع المنشور: Letter

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9700070 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1529-8019 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 13960296 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Dermatol Ther Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Betacoronavirus*, Acne Vulgaris/*drug therapy , Coronavirus Infections/*epidemiology , Isotretinoin/*therapeutic use , Pneumonia, Viral/*epidemiology, Acne Vulgaris/epidemiology ; COVID-19 ; Comorbidity ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2

المؤلفون: Mastrolonardo M; Deparment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Dermatology, University of Foggia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria 'Ospedali Riuniti' di Foggia 1, Foggia, Italy., Romita P; Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Unit of Dermatology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy., Bonifazi E; Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Unit of Dermatology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.; Private Practice, Senior Professor of Dermatology, Bari, Italy., Giuffrida R; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Dermatology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy., Lotti T; Dermatology, University of Rome Guglielmo Marconi, Rome, Italy., Foti C; Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Unit of Dermatology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy., Bonamonte D; Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Unit of Dermatology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.

المصدر: Dermatologic therapy [Dermatol Ther] 2020 Jul; Vol. 33 (4), pp. e13617. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jun 17.

نوع المنشور: Letter

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9700070 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1529-8019 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 13960296 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Dermatol Ther Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Betacoronavirus* , Pandemics*, Coronavirus Infections/*complications , Pneumonia, Viral/*complications , Skin Diseases/*therapy, Adolescent ; Asymptomatic Diseases ; COVID-19 ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Skin Diseases/diagnosis ; Skin Diseases/etiology

المؤلفون: Abdelmaksoud A; Mansoura Dermatology, Venerology and Leprology Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt., Goldust M; Department of Dermatology, University of Rome G. Marconi, Rome, Italy.; Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Vestita M; Unit of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.; Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

المصدر: Dermatologic therapy [Dermatol Ther] 2020 Jul; Vol. 33 (4), pp. e13792. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jul 13.

نوع المنشور: Letter

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9700070 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1529-8019 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 13960296 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Dermatol Ther Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Betacoronavirus*, Coronavirus Infections/*epidemiology , Omalizumab/*therapeutic use , Pneumonia, Viral/*epidemiology , Urticaria/*drug therapy, Anti-Allergic Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 ; Comorbidity ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Urticaria/epidemiology

المؤلفون: Klimek L; Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany., Jutel M; Department of Clinical Immunology, Wrocław Medical University, ALL-MED Medical Research Institute, Wrocław, Poland., Akdis C; Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland., Bousquet J; Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Berlin Institute of Health, Comprehensive Allergy Center, Berlin, Germany.; University Hospital Montpellier, Montpellier, France.; MACVIA-France, Montpellier, France.; Upper Airways Research Laboratory, ENT Department, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium., Akdis M; Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland., Bachert C; Transylvania University Brasov, Brasov, Romania., Agache I; Department of Allergy and Immunology, Hospital Quirónsalud Bizkaia, Erandio, Spain., Ansotegui I; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Woolcock Emphysema Centre, Sydney Local Health District, Glebe, NSW, Australia., Bedbrook A; MACVIA-France, Montpellier, France., Bosnic-Anticevich S; Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy - Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, MI, Italy., Canonica GW; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy.; School of Medicine, University CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain., Chivato T; ProAR - Nucleo de Excelencia em Asma, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil.; WHO GARD Planning Group, Bahia, Brazil., Cruz AA; Medical Consulting Czarlewski, Levallois, and MASK-air, Montpellier, France., Czarlewski W; Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital 'Duilio Casula', University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy., Del Giacco S; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong, China., Du H; University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China., Fonseca JA; Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems- CINTESIS, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Allergy Unit, Instituto CUF Porto e Hospital CUF Porto, Porto, Portugal., Gao Y; University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China., Haahtela T; Health Information and Decision Sciences Department - CIDES, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria., Hoffmann-Sommergruber K; Servicio de Alergia e Immunologia, Clinica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, Argentina., Ivancevich JC; GARD Chairman, Geneva, Switzerland., Khaltaev N; Departments of Immunology and Dermatology/Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Knol EF; Division of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland., Kuna P; Center of Excellence in Asthma and Allergy, Médica Sur Clinical Foundation and Hospital, México City, Mexico., Larenas-Linnemann D; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Sachs' Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden., Melen E; Rhinology Unit & Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain., Mullol J; Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA., Naclerio R; National Hospital Organization, Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan., Ohta K; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan., Okamoto Y; Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland., O'Mahony L; Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital,, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK., Onorato GL; MACVIA-France, Montpellier, France., Papadopoulos NG; Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan., Pawankar R; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Rhinology and Allergy, University Hospital Marburg, Phillipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany., Pfaar O; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Rhinology and Allergy, University Hospital Marburg, Phillipps-Universität Marburg, Germany., Samolinski B; Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland., Schwarze J; Centre for Inflammation Research, Child Life and Health, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., Toppila-Salmi S; Allergy Unit, Instituto CUF Porto e Hospital CUF Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Health Information and Decision Sciences Department - CIDES, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland., Shamji MH; Unit of Geriatric Immunoallergology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy., Teresa Ventura M; Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine & Institute of Health Sciences, Vilnius, Lithuania.; European Academy of Paediatrics (EAP/UEMS-SP), Brussels, Belgium., Valiulis A; Department of Pulmonology, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey., Yorgancioglu A; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.; Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Comprehensive Allergy-Centre, Berlin, Germany., Matricardi P; Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK., Zuberbier T; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.; Department of Allergology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.

مؤلفون مشاركون: ARIA-MASK Study Group

المصدر: Allergy [Allergy] 2020 Jul; Vol. 75 (7), pp. 1546-1554.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: Denmark NLM ID: 7804028 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1398-9995 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01054538 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Allergy Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Asthma/*therapy , Betacoronavirus/*genetics , Betacoronavirus/*immunology , Coronavirus Infections/*immunology , Coronavirus Infections/*prevention & control , Infection Control/*methods , Pandemics/*prevention & control , Pneumonia, Viral/*immunology , Pneumonia, Viral/*prevention & control , Rhinitis, Allergic/*therapy , Sublingual Immunotherapy/*methods, Allergists/psychology ; Asthma/complications ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/complications ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Eosinophils/immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin M/metabolism ; Pneumonia, Viral/complications ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; Rhinitis, Allergic/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Th2 Cells/immunology

المؤلفون: Abdelmaksoud A; Mansoura Dermatology, Venerology and Leprology Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt., Goldust M; Department of Dermatology, University of Rome G. Marconi, Rome, Italy.; Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Vestita M; Unit of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.; Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

المصدر: Dermatologic therapy [Dermatol Ther] 2020 Jul; Vol. 33 (4), pp. e13491. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jun 12.

نوع المنشور: Letter; Comment

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9700070 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1529-8019 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 13960296 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Dermatol Ther Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Coronavirus Infections* , Immunosuppressive Agents* , Pandemics* , Pneumonia, Viral* , Psoriasis*/diagnosis , Psoriasis*/drug therapy , Psoriasis*/epidemiology, Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2

المؤلفون: Abdelmaksoud A; Mansoura Dermatology, Venerology and Leprology Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt., Goldust M; Department of Dermatology, University of Rome G. Marconi, Rome, Italy.; Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Vestita M; Unit of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.; Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

المصدر: Dermatologic therapy [Dermatol Ther] 2020 Jul; Vol. 33 (4), pp. e13360. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Apr 16.

نوع المنشور: Letter; Comment

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9700070 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1529-8019 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 13960296 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Dermatol Ther Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Coronavirus Infections* , Immunosuppressive Agents*/adverse effects , Pandemics* , Pneumonia, Viral* , Psoriasis*/diagnosis , Psoriasis*/drug therapy, Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2

المؤلفون: Grandolfo M; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Dermatology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy., Romita P; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Dermatology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy., Bonamonte D; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Dermatology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy., Cazzato G; Pathology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantations, University of Bari, Bari, Italy., Hansel K; Dermatology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy., Stingeni L; Dermatology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy., Conforti C; Dermatology Clinic, Maggiore Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy., Giuffrida R; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Dermatology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy., Foti C; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Dermatology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.

المصدر: Dermatologic therapy [Dermatol Ther] 2020 Jul; Vol. 33 (4), pp. e13499. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 May 22.

نوع المنشور: Case Reports; Letter

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9700070 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1529-8019 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 13960296 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Dermatol Ther Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Betacoronavirus*, Coronavirus Infections/*drug therapy , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/*diagnosis , Eosinophilia/*diagnosis , Hydroxychloroquine/*adverse effects , Pneumonia, Viral/*drug therapy, Aged ; Antimalarials/adverse effects ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/etiology ; Eosinophilia/chemically induced ; Female ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment

المؤلفون: Panarese A; Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, National Institute of Gastroenterology, 'Saverio De Bellis' Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte (Bari), Italy., Shahini E; Istituto di Candiolo, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo (Torino), Italy.

المصدر: Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics [Aliment Pharmacol Ther] 2020 May; Vol. 51 (10), pp. 993-995. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Apr 12.

نوع المنشور: Letter; Comment

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8707234 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1365-2036 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 02692813 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Aliment Pharmacol Ther Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Coronavirus Infections* , Pneumonia, Viral*, Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vitamin D

المؤلفون: Marchesi F; Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy., Cattaneo C; Hematology Division, ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy., Criscuolo M; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy., Delia M; Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy., Dargenio M; Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, 'Vito Fazzi' Hospital, Lecce, Italy., Del Principe MI; Hematology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy., Spadea A; Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy., Fracchiolla NS; Hematology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy., Melillo L; UO of Hematology, Foundation IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy., Perruccio K; Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy., Alati C; Hematology Unit, Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli Hospital, Reggio Calabria, Italy., Russo D; Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, University of Brescia and ASST-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy., Garzia M; Hematology, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy., Brociner M; Division of Hematology, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy., Cefalo M; Hematology, San Eugenio Hospital, Rome, Italy., Armiento D; Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy., Cesaro S; Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy., Decembrino N; Pediatric Hematology Oncology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy., Mengarelli A; Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy., Tumbarello M; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy.; Istituto di Malattie Infettive, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy., Busca A; Stem Cell Transplant Center, AOU Citta' della Salute e Della Scienza, Turin, Italy., Pagano L; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy.; Istituto di Ematologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.

مؤلفون مشاركون: Sorveglianza Epidemiologica Infezioni nelle Emopatie (SEIFEM) Group

المصدر: American journal of hematology [Am J Hematol] 2019 Oct; Vol. 94 (10), pp. 1104-1112. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Aug 09.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Observational Study

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7610369 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1096-8652 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03618609 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am J Hematol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Bronchoalveolar Lavage*, Anti-Infective Agents/*therapeutic use , Body Fluids/*microbiology , Hematologic Neoplasms/*complications , Lung/*microbiology , Lung Diseases, Fungal/*drug therapy , Pneumonia, Bacterial/*drug therapy , Pneumonia, Viral/*drug therapy, Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Body Fluids/chemistry ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Galactose/analogs & derivatives ; Humans ; Infant ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Lung Diseases, Fungal/diagnosis ; Lung Diseases, Fungal/etiology ; Lung Diseases, Fungal/microbiology ; Male ; Mannans/analysis ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia, Bacterial/diagnosis ; Pneumonia, Bacterial/etiology ; Pneumonia, Bacterial/microbiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis ; Pneumonia, Viral/etiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prospective Studies ; Young Adult