-
1
المؤلفون: Hanh Dufat, Sina Ros, Farid Boumediene, Noudy Sengxeu, Chanraksmey Aon, Jeremy Jost, Samleng Chan, Voa Ratsimbazafy, Pierre-Marie Preux
المساهمون: Grelier, Elisabeth, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Cibles Thérapeutiques et conception de médicaments (CiTCoM - UMR 8038), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Service de l'Information Médicale et de l'Évaluation [CHU Limoges] (SIME), CHU Limoges, Laboratoire de Biostatistique et d'Informatique Médicale, Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Service de Pharmacie Centrale [CHU Limoges], Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
المصدر: Epilepsia Open, Vol 6, Iss 3, Pp 548-558 (2021)
Epilepsia Open
Epilepsia Open, 2021, ⟨10.1002/epi4.12514⟩
Epilepsia Open, The International League Against Epilepsy 2021, ⟨10.1002/epi4.12514⟩مصطلحات موضوعية: Asia, Seizure medication, media_common.quotation_subject, 030231 tropical medicine, Pharmacy, Poor quality, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Environmental health, medicine, Humans, Quality (business), RC346-429, media_common, anti‐seizure medication, treatment gap, Medical treatment, business.industry, anti-seizure medication, Carbamazepine, respiratory system, medicine.disease, musculoskeletal system, 3. Good health, respiratory tract diseases, accessibility, Cross-Sectional Studies, Neurology, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Costs and Cost Analysis, Full‐length Original Research, epilepsy, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Neurology (clinical), Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, Rural area, Cambodia, Drugs, Essential, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
الوصف: International audience; Objective: Epilepsy is a major neurological disorder that requires long-term medical treatment. Once epilepsy is diagnosed, people with epilepsy face many difficulties in accessing treatment (treatment gap). Our objective was to assess the situation regarding the availability, price, affordability, and quality of anti-seizure medication (ASM), which are major determinants of access to treatment. Method: A cross-sectional study was performed in provincial/district hospitals and private pharmacies in urban and rural areas in Cambodia. Data on ASM availability and price were obtained through drug suppliers. Affordability was estimated as the number of day wages the lowest-paid government employee must work to purchase a monthly treatment. Samples of ASM were collected, and the quality of ASM was assessed through Medicine Quality Assessment Reporting Guidelines. Results: Out of 138 outlets visited, only 72 outlets (52.2% [95% CI 43.5-60.7]) had at least one ASM available. Phenobarbital 100 mg was the most available (35.5%), followed by carbamazepine 200 mg (21.7%), phenobarbital 50 mg (11.6%), sodium valproate 500 mg (9.4%), and phenytoin 100 mg (9.4%). In provincial/district hospitals, ASM was provided free of charge. In private pharmacies, affordability for phenobarbital 50 mg and 100 mg was the best, with 0.6 and 0.5 days, respectively, compared to phenytoin 100 mg (1.8 days), and other ASM. No counterfeit ASM was found in this study. Phenytoin sample presented the worst quality (33.0%) compared to carbamazepine (27.8%), and other ASM. Significance: A lack of access to affordable and effective ASM due to low availability and poor quality of ASM was identified. Our research highlights the need for future policy efforts to ensure the quality of ASM and improve their availability. This can be achieved by involving the calculation of their annual needs for these drugs and increasing the national production of ASM.
-
2
المصدر: American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book. :e1-e12
مصطلحات موضوعية: Drug, medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, MEDLINE, Antineoplastic Agents, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Promotion (rank), Neoplasms, Health care, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Dosing, Intensive care medicine, Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals, media_common, Leg, business.industry, Cancer, Biosimilar, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Harm, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Arm, Drugs, Essential, business
الوصف: Increasing cancer drug prices present global challenges to treatment access and cancer outcomes. Substantial variability exists in drug pricing across countries. In countries without universal health care, patients are responsible for treatment costs. Low- or middle-income countries are heavily impacted, with limited patient access to novel cancer treatments. Financial toxicity is seen across cancer types, countries, and health care systems. Those at highest risk include younger patients, new immigrants, visible minority groups, and those without private health coverage. Currently, cancer drug pricing does not correlate with value or clinical benefit. Value-based pricing of oncology drugs may incentivize development of higher-value medicines and eliminate excess spending on drugs that yield little benefit. Generics and biosimilars in oncology can also improve affordability and patient access, offering dramatic reductions in drug spending while maintaining patient benefit. Oncologists can promote value-based care by following evidence-based clinical guidelines that avoid low-value treatments. Researchers can also engage in value-based research that critically explores optimal cancer drug dosing, schedules, and treatment duration and defines patient populations most likely to benefit (e.g., through biomarker selection). Cancer Groundshot proposes that we improve outcomes for today's patients with cancer, including broader global access for high-value treatments, promotion of affordable cancer control strategies, and reduction of cancer morbidity and mortality through low-cost prevention and screening initiatives. Moving forward, major oncology societies recommend promoting uniform global access to essential cancer medicines and avoiding financial harm for patients as key principles in addressing the affordability of cancer drugs.
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::a726e78780cb208a75fdbcbd8b98a758
https://doi.org/10.1200/edbk_100028 -
3
المؤلفون: Sumit Gupta, Anita K. Wagner, Brianna Empringham, Zachary J. Ward, A. Lindsay Frazier, Avram Denburg, Terence M. Hughes, Jennifer M. Yeh
المصدر: Cancer. 127:2990-3001
مصطلحات موضوعية: China, Cancer Research, Business system planning, Antineoplastic Agents, Disease, Drug Costs, Essential medicines, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Procurement, Neoplasms, Global health, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Unit cost, health care economics and organizations, Pace, Actuarial science, business.industry, Pediatric cancer, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Drugs, Essential, business, Forecasting
الوصف: Background Childhood cancer outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries have not kept pace with advances in care and survival in high-income countries. A contributing factor to this survival gap is unreliable access to essential drugs. Methods The authors created a tool (FORx ECAST) capable of predicting drug quantity and cost for 18 pediatric cancers. FORx ECAST enables users to estimate the quantity and cost of each drug based on local incidence, stage breakdown, treatment regimen, and price. Two country-specific examples are used to illustrate the capabilities of FORx ECAST to predict drug quantities. Results On the basis of domestic public-sector price data, the projected annual cost of drugs to treat childhood cancer cases is 0.8 million US dollars in Kenya and 3.0 million US dollars in China, with average median price ratios of 0.9 and 0.1, respectively, compared with costs sourced from the Management Sciences for Health (MSH) International Medical Products Price Guide. According to the cumulative chemotherapy cost, the most expensive disease to treat is acute lymphoblastic lymphoma in Kenya, but a higher relative unit cost of methotrexate makes osteosarcoma the most expensive diagnosis to treat in China. Conclusions FORx ECAST enables needs-based estimates of childhood cancer drug volumes to inform health system planning in a wide range of contexts. It is broadly adaptable, allowing decision makers to generate results specific to their needs. The resultant estimates of drug need can help equip policymakers and health governance institutions with evidence-informed data to advance innovative procurement strategies that drive global improvements in childhood cancer drug access.
-
4
المؤلفون: Gizachew Tilahun, Tefera Tadesse, Habtamu Abuye
المصدر: BMC Public Health, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
BMC Public Healthمصطلحات موضوعية: Chronic condition, medicine.medical_specialty, Essential medicine, SNNPR, Price, Health Services Accessibility, Essential medicines, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Socioeconomics, Children, health care economics and organizations, Government, Affordability, business.industry, Public health, Public sector, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Availability, Private sector, Cross-Sectional Studies, Costs and Cost Analysis, Ethiopia, Health Facilities, Biostatistics, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Drugs, Essential, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Research Article
الوصف: Background Children in resource-limited countries are more likely to die from treatable conditions than those in higher resource settings due to a lack of the right essential medicine at the right time. Globally millions of children die every year from conditions that could be treatable with existing medicines before they reach their fifth birthday. This study aimed in assessing the availability and affordability of essential medicine for children in selected health facilities of southern nations, nationalities, and peoples’ regions (SNNPR), Ethiopia. Method A medicine outlets-based cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the availability, affordability, and prices of the 30 selected essential medicines (EMs) for children in 30 public and 30 private medicine outlets in SNNPR from March 29 to May 5, 2019, applying WHO and Health Action International (HAI) tools. Availability was expressed as the percentage of sampled medicine outlets per sector that the surveyed medicine was found on the day of data collection. The amount of daily wages required for the lowest-paid government unskilled worker (LPGW) to buy one standard treatment of an acute condition or treatment for a chronic condition for a month was used to measure affordability and median price ratio for the price of EMs. The results Availability varied by sector, type of medication, and level of health facilities. The average availability of EM was 57.67% for the public sector and 53.67% for the private sector. Ceftriaxone, SOR, zinc sulfate, and cotrimoxazole were the most widely available types of medications in the two sectors. The median price ratios (MPR) for the cheapest drugs LP were 1.26 and 2.24 times higher than their International Reference Price (IRP) in the public and private sectors respectively. Eighty-two percent of LP medicines in the public and 91 % of LP medicines in the private sectors used in the treatments of prevalent common conditions in the region were unaffordable as they cost a day’s or more wages for the LPGW. Conclusion Availability, affordability, and price are determinant pre-requisite for EMs access. According to the current work, although fair availability was achieved, the observed high price affected affordability and hence access to EMs.
-
5
المؤلفون: Karsten Nysom, Pamela Kearns, S. Griskjane, Gilles Vassal, G. Bricalli, L. Kameric, F. Arnold, Anita Kienesberger, S. Kamal, Olga Kozhaeva, Nicola Jane Latino, N. Cherny, L. Basset
المصدر: RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia
instnameمصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, 0301 basic medicine, MECANICA DE LOS MEDIOS CONTINUOS Y TEORIA DE ESTRUCTURAS, 10.- Reducir las desigualdades entre países y dentro de ellos, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Public policy, Organizational model, Pharmacist, Economic shortage, Medical Oncology, Health Services Accessibility, World health, Essential medicines, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neoplasms, Anticancer medication, 03.- Garantizar una vida saludable y promover el bienestar para todos y todas en todas las edades, Humans, Medicine, Child, Paediatric oncology, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Out-of-pocket, Hematology, Pain management, Europe, 030104 developmental biology, Clinical research, Oncology, Child, Preschool, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Family medicine, Health Expenditures, Medication shortage, Drugs, Essential, business
الوصف: [EN] Background: Essential anticancer medicines are an indispensable component of multidisciplinary treatment of paediatric malignancies. A European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) study reported inequalities in the availability of anticancer medicines for adult solid tumours and provided a model for the present survey. The aim of this survey was to assess the accessibility of essential medicines used in paediatric cancer patients aged 0 to 18 years across Europe from 2016 to 2018. Methods: A list of medicines was drawn with input from the European Society for Paediatric Oncology (SIOP Europe) Clinical Research Council referring to the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (WHO EMLc) 2017. A survey was sent to nominated national clinician and pharmacist rapporteurs and parent associations in up to 37 countries; answers were obtained from 34 countries. Results: The full survey list contained 68 medicines, including 24 on the WHO EMLc 2017. Health professionals reported that 35% of all medicines were prescribed off-label in at least one country and that 44% were always available in >90% of countries. Only 63% of the EMLc 2017 medicines were reported as always available. The main determinant of unavailability was shortages, reported for 72% of medicines in at least one country. Out-of-pocket costs were reported in eight countries. Twenty-seven percent of orally administered medicines were never available in childfriendly formulations. Parents detailed individual efforts and challenges of facilitating ingestion of oral medicines as prescribed. Inequalities in access to pain control during procedures were reported by parents across Europe. Conclusions: Children and adolescents with cancer in Europe experience lack of access to essential medicines. Urgent actions are needed to address shortages, financial accessibility, availability of safe age-appropriate oral formulations, and pain management across Europe.
This work was supported by the EU Health Programme (2014-2020) in the framework of the Joint Action on Rare Cancers [grant number 724161/JARC].وصف الملف: application/pdf
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::9f71b35b522b5be1e834fe003dd4d82e
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annonc.2020.12.015 -
6
المؤلفون: Sabine Vogler
المصدر: Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research. 21:321-325
مصطلحات موضوعية: 030503 health policy & services, Health Policy, Antineoplastic Agents, Financial system, General Medicine, Transparency (behavior), Drug Costs, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cancer Medicine, Neoplasms, Sustainability, Costs and Cost Analysis, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Business, Drugs, Essential, 0305 other medical science
الوصف: Cancer patients face high financial burden in many low- and middle-income countries but also in high-income countries such as the US [1]. Large price variations have been identified between countri...
-
7
المؤلفون: Renata Crm Nascimento, Mariana Michel Barbosa, Juliana Alvares-Teodoro, Brian Godman, Augusto Afonso Guerra, Francisco de Assis Acurcio, Marina Morgado Garcia
المصدر: Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research. 10:243-253
مصطلحات موضوعية: Index (economics), National Health Programs, Restructuring, Pharmacy, Health Services Accessibility, Essential medicines, RS, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Ambulatory care, Environmental health, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Health policy, 030505 public health, Primary Health Care, business.industry, Health Policy, Health services research, Pharmaceutical Services, Observational study, Drugs, Essential, 0305 other medical science, business, Brazil
الوصف: Aim: Access to essential medicines is a key component of managing patients in ambulatory care. In 2008, the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, created the Pharmacy Network of Minas (Rede Farmácia de Minas [RFM]) program to improve access to medicines, increasing availability and restructuring the infrastructures. The aim was to assess the current situation, comparing municipalities with and without RFM. Materials & methods: Descriptive survey study, data collected from 2014 July to May 2015. Availability was verified by stock levels. Results: The drug availability index was 61.0%, higher in municipalities with RFM. Most physicians considered the pharmaceutical services as good/very good. The main reasons for medicines shortage were ‘financial transference problems’, ‘insufficient financial resources’ and ‘budget’. Conclusion: Strategies, such as the RFM can promote improvements in medicine availability.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
-
8
المؤلفون: Karen Bissell, B O Ozoh, Kevin Mortimer, M Stolbrink, C Plum, L Zurba
المصدر: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE
مصطلحات موضوعية: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Spirometry, medicine.medical_specialty, MEDLINE, wa_395, Health Services Accessibility, Essential medicines, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Environmental health, Epidemiology, Health care, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Asthma, COPD, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.disease, Diagnostic Services, wa_243, Infectious Diseases, Clinical research, 030228 respiratory system, Africa, wf_140, Drugs, Essential, business, wf_600
الوصف: BACKGROUND: The global burden of disease due to asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is substantial and particularly great in low‐ and middle‐income countries, including many African countries. Management is affected by availability of diagnostic tests and essential medicines. The study aimed to explore the availability of spirometry services and essential medicines for asthma and COPD in African countries.METHOD: Questionnaires were delivered to healthcare workers at the annual meeting of the Pan African Thoracic Society Methods in Epidemiology and Clinical Research (PATS MECOR) and International Multidisciplinary Programme to Address Lung Health and TB in Africa (IMPALA). Data were analysed using simple descriptive statistics.RESULTS: A total of 37 questionnaires representing 13 African countries were returned. Spirometry availability was 73.0%. The most common reasons for non‐availability were lack of knowledge of the utility of the test. Within the study sample, 33.3% faced sporadic availability due to maintenance issues. Essential medicines availability ranged from 37.8% for inhaled corticosteroid‐long‐acting beta‐agonist inhalers to 100% for prednisolone 5 mg tablets, mainly due to supply chain problems.CONCLUSION: There is varied availability of spirometry and WHO essential medicines for COPD and asthma in African countries. Strategies are needed to improve access to basic effective care for people with non‐communicable lung disease in Africa.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::4f8a05da4b3ba9c8094c8682d40ea81d
https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.20.0762 -
9
المؤلفون: Andrew E. Moran, Swagata Kumar Sahoo, Anupam Khungar Pathni, Bhawna Sharma, Sagri Negi, Kishan Swaroop, Tanushree Mahajan, Dinesh Neupane
المصدر: The Journal of Clinical Hypertension
مصطلحات موضوعية: hypertension, genetic structures, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, private sector, India, Health Care Sector, Pharmacy, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Health Services Accessibility, 03 medical and health sciences, Agricultural science, 0302 clinical medicine, Dosing schedules, Market forces, Health care, Internal Medicine, Medicine, Humans, Single agent, 030212 general & internal medicine, health care economics and organizations, Antihypertensive Agents, Original Paper, Public Sector, business.industry, Antihypertensive medicines, Private sector, Original Papers, price, Drug market, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Drugs, Essential, medicines
الوصف: More than half of patients with hypertension require two or more medicines to control blood pressure. Combinations of anti‐hypertensive medicines are available as Single Pill Combinations (SPCs) or Single Agent Pills (SAPs). SPCs of two or more anti‐hypertensive medicines facilitate simpler dosing schedules, decrease pill burden, increase adherence to medicine, and simplify procurement and distribution. Despite this, equivalent combinations of separate pills (SAPs) are often prescribed instead of SPCs under the assumption that SAPs are priced lower. This study compared prices of anti‐hypertensive SPCs and equivalent SAPs in the private health care sector of India. High sales volume anti‐hypertensive SPCs and SAPs were selected from 2018 private sector pharmaceutical sales data. SPCs and SAPs price information was collected from online pharmacy websites between November 2019 and January 2020. Anti‐hypertensive SPCs represent approximately 39.1% of India's private sector anti‐hypertensive drug market. Multiple manufacturers produce the same top‐selling SPCs, suggesting a viable and competitive market. A comparison of SPCs and SAPs across different manufacturers showed that the lowest prices of both SPCs and the sum of component SAPs were nearly identical across different manufacturers. An analysis of dual‐drug SPCs and SAPs by the same manufacturer showed that most manufacturers (five of six) had priced their SPCs higher than SAPs. These observations suggest that the price of SPCs could be lowered to match the combined price of the component SAPs, and manufacturing costs and market forces do not present a barrier to the implementation of anti‐hypertensive SPCs.
-
10
المؤلفون: Thananan Rattanachotphanit, Cheardchai Soontornpas, Chulaporn Limwattananon, Noppakun Thammatacharee, Onanong Waleekhachonloet
المصدر: Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy. 16:1664-1669
مصطلحات موضوعية: medicine.medical_specialty, Pharmaceutical Science, Pharmacy, Drug Costs, Essential medicines, World health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Medical prescription, Reimbursement, 0303 health sciences, Government, business.industry, 030311 toxicology, Thailand, Lipids, Defined daily dose, Cost escalation, Emergency medicine, Lipid lowering, Health Expenditures, Drugs, Essential, business
الوصف: Background The rapid cost escalation of the government employee scheme in Thailand was driven by the overprescription of non-essential drugs (NEDs), which were not listed in the National Lists of Essential Medicines. A restrictive reimbursement policy implemented in October 2012 required prescribers to base the prescription of NEDs on six criteria, including A and B for safety, C for effectiveness, D for availability, and E and F for costs, hence known as the A-F policy. Objective The A-F policy was examined in terms of its outcomes regarding the prescription volume and reimbursement expenditure for lipid-lowering drugs (LLDs). Methods Data on LLD prescription in 2012–2015 from outpatient settings in 29 public hospitals were standardized using quantities based on the World Health Organization's Anatomical, Therapeutic and Chemical (ATC) classification and the defined daily dose (DDD) system. The policy effects were estimated using an interrupted time-series analysis. Results The restrictive reimbursement policy decreased both the prescription volume and the reimbursement value of non-essential LLDs. Within the first month of policy implementation, the percentage of NEDs, as defined by DDDs and reimbursement expenditure, immediately decreased by 15.1 and 15.2% points in provincial hospitals and by 8.3 and 4.4% points in military hospitals, respectively. The prescription of NEDs continued to decrease thereafter, despite there being no statistically significant changes in the trend of decreased prescribing compared with the prepolicy period. The decrease in the prescription of NEDs resulted in the declining reimbursed amount per day and stable expenditure of LLDs as a whole. Conclusion The effectiveness on the A-F restrictive reimbursement on NED prescribing helped stabilize the expenditure on LLDs.
إعادة تعيين المنقحات
عرض المنقحات (%%عد%%)
PDF full text from Publisher