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المؤلفون: VS Chauhan, Sunaina Sood, Prateek Yadav, Rajeev Saini
المصدر: Medical Journal Armed Forces India. 79:80-86
مصطلحات موضوعية: 0301 basic medicine, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, 030106 microbiology, Conscientiousness, General Medicine, Alcohol use disorder, medicine.disease, Neuroticism, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Sample size determination, Openness to experience, Medicine, Personality, 030212 general & internal medicine, Big Five personality traits, business, Clinical psychology, media_common
الوصف: Background Course of Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (ADS) is studded with multiple relapses. Personality factors are implicated as one of the influencing factors in the course of this disorder. Keeping in view of scarcity of Indian data available, the study was planned with the aim to find Personality traits more commonly associated with ADS patients, and identify specific traits, associated with relapses of ADS. Method With sample size of 100 consecutive cases and 100 controls, socio-demographic data was collected. Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and Severity of Alcohol Use Disorder Test (SAD-Q) were administered to each of these patient. Personality dimensions were assessed with NEO-five factor inventory (NEO-FFI) (Costa and McCrae), for both groups and further compared for differences in the dimensions in each of its subscale. Results The NEO scores, showed statistically significant difference with Cases having higher scores in Neuroticism and control group in Openness and Conscientiousness. Neuroticism linked to higher scores of AUDIT and SADQ and also associated with relapses. Other traits also showed statistically significant association which are discussed. Conclusion As new factors are being explored for effective management, routine personality profiling is easily accomplished and can give delightful insight into focused and designed management plan.
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المؤلفون: Midori Soda, Kiyoyuki Kitaichi, Yasuhiro Kawasaki, Kazutaka Ohi, Shunsuke Sugiyama, Toshiki Shioiri
المصدر: Neuroscience Research. 172:87-91
مصطلحات موضوعية: 0301 basic medicine, Agreeableness, Personality Inventory, media_common.quotation_subject, Extraversion, Psychological, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, mental disorders, Openness to experience, medicine, Humans, Personality, Big Five personality traits, media_common, Neuroticism, Extraversion and introversion, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Conscientiousness, General Medicine, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Schizophrenia, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology
الوصف: Patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) have characteristic personality traits compared with healthy subjects. Genome-wide significant variants for neuroticism have been reported in healthy subjects. However, the associations of these genome-wide neuroticism-associated variants with five-factor personality traits in patients with SCZ are less clear. We investigated the influences of nine independent genome-wide significant variants for neuroticism on five-factor personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) assessed by the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) in 107 patients with SCZ and 119 healthy controls (HCs). As expected, patients with SCZ scored significantly higher for neuroticism and lower for extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness than HCs (p < 0.05). Of nine neuroticism-associated variants, the T allele at rs4653663 related to lower neuroticism was only significantly associated with lower neuroticism in patients with SCZ (β = -0.27, p = 3.88 × 10-3) and in combined subjects (β = -0.15, p = 0.026). Furthermore, of other personality traits, the genetic variant was significantly associated with higher agreeableness in combined subjects (β = 0.17, p = 9.41×10-3), higher conscientiousness in patients with SCZ (β = 0.21, p = 0.031) and lower conscientiousness in HCs (β = -0.20, p = 0.034), and nominally associated with higher extraversion in patients with SCZ (β = 0.18, p = 0.056) and in combined subjects (β = 0.13, p = 0.051). These outcomes were not affected by clinical variables. We suggest that genome-wide neuroticism-associated variant could be associated with neuroticism as well as other personality traits in schizophrenia.
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المؤلفون: Michael C. Ashton, Kibeom Lee
المصدر: Current Opinion in Psychology. 40:51-55
مصطلحات موضوعية: Agreeableness, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Conscientiousness, Altruism, Personality Disorders, 050105 experimental psychology, Religion, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Prosocial behavior, Openness to experience, Humans, Personality, Spirituality, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Big Five personality traits, Common-method variance, Psychology, Social psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, General Psychology, media_common
الوصف: We review research on personality/religiousness associations, integrating earlier meta-analyses with recent large-sample online studies. We find that general religiousness shows small positive associations with broad personality factors (e.g. HEXACO Honesty-Humility, Big Five Agreeableness, Conscientiousness) and somewhat stronger positive associations with narrower personality traits involving prosocial tendencies (e.g. altruism, fairness, forgivingness). The link between religiousness and prosociality appears not to be an artifact of self-report method variance. Religious fundamentalism and spirituality show negative and positive associations, respectively, with the Openness factor of personality. Religiousness/personality associations tend to be weak in relatively non-religious countries but moderately strong in highly religious countries. The direction of causal influence between personality and religiousness is not yet clear. Religiousness shows modest negative associations with IQ and appears to be somewhat negatively related to scientific thinking.
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المؤلفون: Helen Yu
المصدر: Yu, H 2021, ' Responsible use of negative research outcomes-accelerating the discovery and development of new antibiotics ', Journal of Antibiotics, vol. 74, no. 9, pp. 543-546 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41429-021-00439-w
The Journal of Antibioticsمصطلحات موضوعية: Publishing, 0301 basic medicine, Pharmacology, Biomedical Research, Value creation, business.industry, Process (engineering), 030106 microbiology, Health care, Disclosure, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Drug Development, Drug development, Risk analysis (engineering), Perspective, Drug Discovery, Openness to experience, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, business, Inefficiency
الوصف: Failure to share and make use of existing knowledge, particularly negative research outcomes, has been recognized as one of the key sources of waste and inefficiency in the drug discovery and development process. In the field of antibiotic research, providing a platform where negative outcomes could be shared to prevent the vicious cycle of duplicating costly studies that produce the same negative results would greatly de-risk and accelerate the development of new antibiotics. Providing a legally supported framework that recognizes negative outcomes as intellectual contributions, which can subsequently be translated into a revenue-sharing model, may lead to more openness and value creation in support of a sustainable and responsible transformation of research into socially and economically beneficial innovations.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
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المؤلفون: Shiu F. Wong, Mark A. Ellenbogen, Shawna Grossman, Kenneth Kelly-Turner, Serena Vaillancourt, Simon E. Blackwell
المصدر: International Journal of Psychophysiology. 165:8-17
مصطلحات موضوعية: Anhedonia, Context (language use), Oxytocin, Trust, 050105 experimental psychology, Extraversion, Psychological, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Double-Blind Method, Physiology (medical), medicine, Openness to experience, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Depressive Disorder, Major, Extraversion and introversion, General Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Cognition, medicine.disease, Altruism, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Major depressive disorder, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Priming (psychology), psychological phenomena and processes, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology, Mental image
الوصف: Psychological disorders such as major depressive disorder are characterised by interpersonal difficulties and anhedonia. A cognitive mechanism proposed to contribute to the maintenance of these problems is a diminished ability to generate positive mental imagery, especially regarding social interactions. The current study examined whether the effects of social imagery training on social activity and anhedonia could be enhanced with the addition of intranasal oxytocin, and whether these effects might be augmented in persons with a high propensity to engage socially (i.e., high extraversion). University students (N = 111) were randomised to self-administer intranasal oxytocin or placebo, followed by a single session of positive social or non-social imagery training that required participants to imagine 64 positive scenarios occurring in either a social or non-social context, respectively. There were no main effects of imagery type and drug, and no interaction effect on anhedonia and social activity, measured respectively via self-report and a behavioural task. Individuals low in extraversion, trust-altruism, and openness to experience reported significantly more anhedonia after receiving oxytocin relative to placebo, but only following imagery training of positive social outcomes. Results highlight the negative consequences of increasing oxytocin bioavailability after priming social contact in more withdrawn individuals.
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المؤلفون: Asma Asma, Shakila Malik, Rahim Khan, Farooq Hussain, Zafar Iqbal
المصدر: Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews. 9:1481-1492
مصطلحات موضوعية: Extraversion and introversion, General Arts and Humanities, Emotional intelligence, education, 05 social sciences, 050301 education, General Social Sciences, Context (language use), Burnout, Neuroticism, Developmental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Openness to experience, 030212 general & internal medicine, Big Five personality traits, Emotional exhaustion, Psychology, 0503 education
الوصف: Purpose of the study: The current study aims to recognize the association between teacher's personality traits and burnout in District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The current study predicts the moderating role of emotional intelligence in the relationship between personality traits & burnout levels of university teachers. Methodology: Quantitative research method was used in this study. Questionnaires were distributed to 317 samples of university teachers in District Peshawar, KP, and Pakistan. To check validity KMO & Bartlett's test was used. Cronbach Alpha Coefficient was used to test reliability. Meanwhile, hypotheses were tested through regression analysis and t-tests. Main Findings: It was indicated that openness to experience and neuroticism personality traits predict emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, extroversion & neuroticism express personal achievement. Emotional intelligence significantly moderates the association between a teacher's personality traits & burnout. Additionally, it was found that female and private sector university teachers were more burnout than male and public sector university teachers. Applications of the study: This study will add to the present level of understanding of constructs like personality traits, emotional intelligence, and burnout. The findings of this current study will also help university teachers to know about their dominant personality traits, their emotional level of intelligence. The current study results will help stimulate further research. Novelty/Originality of the study: To our knowledge, there are only fewer amount of research studies on studying the association between teachers' burnout & personality traits in university teachers particularly, in the context of Pakistan. Keeping in view that previous studies were not focused on the role of emotional intelligence in the relationship between the above-mentioned dependent and independent variables.
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::2cc3fee7b2f85dff9e7af0ecfe932253
https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.93149 -
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المؤلفون: Julie A Swets, Robert B. Arrowood, Cathy R. Cox
المصدر: Journal of Religion and Health. 60:4097-4114
مصطلحات موضوعية: 05 social sciences, Religious studies, 050109 social psychology, Terror management theory, General Medicine, Humanism, Ambivalence, Religiosity, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Divinity, Mortality salience, Openness to experience, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 030212 general & internal medicine, Psychology, Social psychology, General Nursing
الوصف: Quest religiosity is characterized by an openness toward religious doubt and uncertainty as a way to grow existentially. The current paper examines how death awareness contributes to quest (vs low quest) Christians’ reactions toward a Jesus depicted as doing biologically human actions (e.g., vomiting, bleeding). Study 1 evaluated quest persons’ reactions to either a humanistic Christ or a neutral Jesus passage. Essay evaluations were examined in Study 2 as a function of quest and mortality salience. Study 3 measured death-thought accessibility following a creaturely Jesus prime for quest individuals. Participants who scored low on quest were more negative toward a creaturely, rather than neutral, Jesus. These effects were exaggerated following thoughts of death. Finally, low quest persons reported heightened death thoughts due to incarnational ambivalence. The implications are discussed.
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المؤلفون: Mark A. Prince, Laura Mezquita, Angelina Pilatti, Luke Herchenroeder, Cross-Cultural Addictions Study Team, Adrian J. Bravo
المصدر: Repositori Universitat Jaume I
Universitat Jaume Iمصطلحات موضوعية: Male, cannabis, Agreeableness, media_common.quotation_subject, 030508 substance abuse, Medicine (miscellaneous), cross-national, Big Five, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Openness to experience, Humans, Personality, protective behavioral strategies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Big Five personality traits, Students, Cannabis, media_common, Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists, Extraversion and introversion, biology, college students, Conscientiousness, biology.organism_classification, Neuroticism, United States, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Female, 0305 other medical science, Psychology, Clinical psychology
الوصف: Background: Problematic cannabis use is common among young adults across the world. However, limited research has examined whether etiological models predicting negative consequences are universal. Objective: The present study examined whether the Five-Factor Model of personality (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) relates to cannabis outcomes via use of cannabis protective behavioral strategies (PBS) in a cross-national sample of college student cannabis users (i.e., used cannabis in the last 30 days). Method: Participants were 1175 university students (63.27% female) across five countries (United States, Argentina, Spain, Uruguay, and the Netherlands) recruited to complete an online survey. Results: PBS use mediated the associations between personality traits and cannabis consequences, such that higher conscientiousness (β = .20), agreeableness (β = .11), and lower emotional stability [i.e., higher neuroticism] (β = −.14) were associated with more PBS use. Higher PBS use was, in turn, associated with lower frequency of cannabis use (β = −.32); lower frequency of use was then associated with fewer cannabis consequences (β = .34). This sequential pathway was invariant across sex, but not countries. Notably, there were a number of differences in links between PBS and cannabis outcomes when comparing countries (e.g., negative associations in the US sample, but positive associations in the Argentina sample). Conclusions: Cannabis PBS mediates the relationship between personality traits and cannabis outcomes, but there are nuanced differences across countries (i.e., relationship between PBS and cannabis outcomes). Overall, students that are low in conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism and/or report low rates of PBS use may benefit from cannabis PBS-focused interventions that promote utilization of PBS.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
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المؤلفون: Vicky Sibley, Annette Greenwood, Elanor Lucy Webb, Abbey Hamer
المصدر: Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities. 15:209-221
مصطلحات موضوعية: Service (business), education.field_of_study, 05 social sciences, Population, medicine.disease, law.invention, Developmental disorder, 03 medical and health sciences, Psychiatry and Mental health, Distress, 0302 clinical medicine, Nursing, law, Workforce, Openness to experience, medicine, CLARITY, Psychiatric hospital, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Psychology, 050104 developmental & child psychology
الوصف: Purpose Forensic health-care workers are frequently exposed to behaviours that challenge and traumatic material, with notably high levels in developmental disorder (DD) services. The provision of support is key in alleviating distress and improving work functioning. This paper aims to incite clarity on whether staff in DD services are more likely to access trauma support. The prevailing needs and outcomes for this population are also explored. Design/methodology/approach Data was extracted retrospectively from a database held by an internal trauma support service (TSS) for staff working in a secure psychiatric hospital. Overall, 278 permanent clinical staff accessed the TSS between 2018 and 2020, 102 (36.7%) of whom worked in an adult DD forensic inpatient service. Findings Staff working in DD services were over-represented in referrals to the TSS with a greater number of referrals per bed in DD services than in non-DD services (0.94 vs 0.33). DD staff were comparatively more likely to access support for non-physical, psychologically traumatic experiences. Psychological needs and outcomes following support were comparable between staff across services. Practical implications The findings highlight the more frequent need for trauma support of staff in forensic inpatient DD settings. Embedding a culture of safety and openness, and establishing appropriate and responsive models of staff support reflect key priorities for inpatient DD health-care providers, for the universal benefit of the organisation, workforce and service users. Originality/value This study offers novel insight into levels of access to support for staff working with people with DDs.
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المؤلفون: David Thomas Mellor, Sean Grant, Afsah Amin, Sina Kianersi, Alexander C. DeHaven, Lauren H. Supplee, Evan Mayo-Wilson
المصدر: Research Integrity and Peer Review, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
Research Integrity and Peer Reviewمصطلحات موضوعية: Open science, Knowledge management, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, Science education, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, General Works, TOP factor, 03 medical and health sciences, Study Protocol, 0302 clinical medicine, Promotion (rank), Openness to experience, Research transparency, 030212 general & internal medicine, General Environmental Science, media_common, Protocol (science), Research ethics, business.industry, TOP guidelines, Transparency (behavior), Reproducibility, Metric (unit), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
الوصف: Background The Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) Guidelines describe modular standards that journals can adopt to promote open science. The TOP Factor is a metric to describe the extent to which journals have adopted the TOP Guidelines in their policies. Systematic methods and rating instruments are needed to calculate the TOP Factor. Moreover, implementation of these open science policies depends on journal procedures and practices, for which TOP provides no standards or rating instruments. Methods We describe a process for assessing journal policies, procedures, and practices according to the TOP Guidelines. We developed this process as part of the Transparency of Research Underpinning Social Intervention Tiers (TRUST) Initiative to advance open science in the social intervention research ecosystem. We also provide new instruments for rating journal instructions to authors (policies), manuscript submission systems (procedures), and published articles (practices) according to standards in the TOP Guidelines. In addition, we describe how to determine the TOP Factor score for a journal, calculate reliability of journal ratings, and assess coherence among a journal’s policies, procedures, and practices. As a demonstration of this process, we describe a protocol for studying approximately 345 influential journals that have published research used to inform evidence-based policy. Discussion The TRUST Process includes systematic methods and rating instruments for assessing and facilitating implementation of the TOP Guidelines by journals across disciplines. Our study of journals publishing influential social intervention research will provide a comprehensive account of whether these journals have policies, procedures, and practices that are consistent with standards for open science and thereby facilitate the publication of trustworthy findings to inform evidence-based policy. Through this demonstration, we expect to identify ways to refine the TOP Guidelines and the TOP Factor. Refinements could include: improving templates for adoption in journal instructions to authors, manuscript submission systems, and published articles; revising explanatory guidance intended to enhance the use, understanding, and dissemination of the TOP Guidelines; and clarifying the distinctions among different levels of implementation. Research materials are available on the Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/txyr3/.
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