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المؤلفون: Eme T. Owoaje, Gabriel Rada, Atle Fretheim, Julie Cliff, Claire Glenton, Simon Lewin, Sophie Hill, Afiong Oku, Angela Oyo-Ita, Artur Manuel Muloliwa, Yuri Cartier, Jessica Kaufman, Xavier Bosch-Capblanch, Heather Ames
المصدر: PLoS ONE
PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 11, p e0186733 (2017)مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, Parents, Social Sciences, lcsh:Medicine, Pediatrics, Cultural Anthropology, Geographical Locations, 0302 clinical medicine, Sociology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Public and Occupational Health, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, lcsh:Science, Health Education, Uncategorized, Vaccines, Multidisciplinary, Vaccination, Child Health, Vaccination and Immunization, Religion, Infectious Diseases, Caregivers, Health Education and Awareness, Female, Health education, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Infectious Disease Control, Health Personnel, Immunology, 030231 tropical medicine, Nigeria, Resistance (psychoanalysis), Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Nursing, medicine, Humans, Health communication, Health policy, business.industry, lcsh:R, Biology and Life Sciences, Communication in Health Care, Focus group, Communications, Health Care, Health Communication, Communication Intervention, Anthropology, Family medicine, People and Places, Africa, lcsh:Q, Preventive Medicine, business, Qualitative research
الوصف: Background Effective vaccination communication with parents is critical in efforts to overcome barriers to childhood vaccination, tackle vaccine hesitancy and improve vaccination coverage. Health workers should be able to provide information to parents and other caregivers and support them in reaching decisions about vaccinating their children. Limited information exists regarding the perceptions of caregivers and health workers on the vaccination communication strategies employed in Nigeria. This study, which forms part of the ‘Communicate to vaccinate’ (COMMVAC) project, aims to explore the perceptions and experiences of caregivers and health workers in Nigeria on vaccination communication strategies implemented in their settings. Methodology We conducted the study in two States: Bauchi in Northern Nigeria and Cross River in the south. We carried out observations (n = 40), in-depth interviews (n = 14) and focus group discussions (FGDs) (n = 12) amongst 14 purposively selected health workers, two community leaders and 84 caregivers in the two states. We transcribed data verbatim and analysed the data using a framework analysis approach. Results Caregivers were informed about vaccination activities through three main sources: health facilities (during health education sessions conducted at antenatal or immunization clinics); media outlets; and announcements (in churches/mosques, communities and markets). Caregivers reported that the information received was very useful. Their preferred sources of information included phone text messages, town announcers, media and church/mosque announcements. Some caregivers perceived the clinic environment, long waiting times and health worker attitudes as barriers to receiving vaccination information.When delivering communication interventions, health workers described issues tied to poor communication skills; poor motivation; and attitudes of community members, including vaccine resistance. Conclusion Communication about vaccination involves more than the message but is also influenced by the environment and the attitudes of the deliverer and receiver. It is pertinent for health policy makers and programme managers to understand these factors so as to effectively implement communication approaches.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
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المؤلفون: Ingrid Mogren, Matilda Ngarina, Joseph Ntaganira, Hussein Kidanto, Kristina Edvardsson, Jean Paul Semasaka Sengoma, Rhonda Small, Pham Thi Lan, Sophia Holmlund
المصدر: PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 12, p e0208387 (2018)
PLoS ONEمصطلحات موضوعية: Medical Doctors, Nurse Midwives, Cross-sectional study, Maternal Health, Health Care Providers, Nurses, Midwives, Diagnostic Radiology, Geographical Locations, Health personnel, 0302 clinical medicine, Obstetrics and gynaecology, Pregnancy, Surveys and Questionnaires, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Ultrasound Imaging, Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine, Medical Personnel, 030212 general & internal medicine, reproductive and urinary physiology, Uncategorized, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Multidisciplinary, Radiology and Imaging, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prenatal Care, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, Obstetrics, Professions, Female, Ultrasonography, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, Imaging Techniques, Health Personnel, Science, Reproduktionsmedicin och gynekologi, Prenatal care, Midwifery, Research and Analysis Methods, Ultrasonography, Prenatal, 03 medical and health sciences, Diagnostic Medicine, Antenatal Care, Physicians, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Humans, Health professionals, business.industry, Rwanda, Obstetric ultrasound, Health Care, Cross-Sectional Studies, Family medicine, People and Places, Africa, Women's Health, Nurse-Midwives, Population Groupings, business
الوصف: ObjectivesImplementation of ultrasound in antenatal care (ANC) in low-income countries has been shown to increase pregnant women's compliance with ANC visits, and facilitate detection of high-risk pregnancies. In Rwanda, as in other low-income countries, access to ultrasound has increased significantly, but lack of training is often a barrier to its use. The aim of this study was to investigate Rwandan health professionals' experiences and views of obstetric ultrasound in relation to clinical management, resources and skills.MethodsA cross-sectional questionnaire study was undertaken between November 2016 and March 2017, as part of the CROss Country UltraSound Study (CROCUS). Data were collected at 108 health facilities located in both rural and urban areas of Rwanda, including provincial, referral, district and private hospitals as well as health centres. Participants were obstetricians (n = 29), other physicians (n = 222), midwives (n = 269) and nurses (n = 387).ResultsObstetricians/gynecologists/other physicians commonly performed ultrasound examinations but their self-rated skill levels implied insufficient training. Access to ultrasound when needed was reported as common in hospitals, but available to a very limited extent in health centres. The vast majority of participants, independent of health profession, agreed that maternity care would improve if midwives learned to perform basic ultrasound examinations.ConclusionsBarriers to provision of high quality ultrasound services include variable access to ultrasound depending on health facility level and insufficient skills of ultrasound operators. Physicians in general need more training to perform ultrasound examinations. Implementation of a general dating ultrasound examination seems to be a relevant goal as most health professionals agree that pregnant woman would benefit from this service. To further improve maternity care services, the possibility of educating midwives to perform ultrasound examinations should be further explored.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::c25665197b490f5336a388e4cb92538c
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المؤلفون: J. Kevin Baird, Katherine E. Battle
المصدر: PLoS Medicine, Vol 18, Iss 10, p e1003799 (2021)
PLoS Medicineمصطلحات موضوعية: Plasmodium, Internationality, Epidemiology, Physiology, Parasitemia, Geographical Locations, Medical Conditions, Cost of Illness, Risk Factors, Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine, Protozoans, Collection Review, Geography, biology, Incidence, Malarial Parasites, Uncertainty, Eukaryota, food and beverages, General Medicine, Body Fluids, Blood, Public Health, Anatomy, medicine.medical_specialty, Diagnostic Medicine, Parasite Groups, parasitic diseases, Parasitic Diseases, Malaria, Vivax, Animals, Humans, Parasites, business.industry, Public health, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Tropical Diseases, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, Parasitic Protozoans, Malaria, Medical Risk Factors, People and Places, Africa, Vivax malaria, Parasitology, Plasmodium vivax Malaria, Plasmodium vivax, business, Apicomplexa
الوصف: Estimates of the global burdens of morbidity attributable to acute attacks of Plasmodium falciparum malaria typically dwarf those of Plasmodium vivax, i.e., hundreds of millions versus tens of millions of cases. Global burden estimates take no account of latent and subpatent reservoirs of infections carrying more subtle burdens of illness and death in impoverished settings of malnutrition, coendemic infections, and limited access to quality healthcare. Impacts of chronic malaria on human health may be substantial and are excluded from estimates of burdens of acute malaria. Compartments of human infection by P. vivax beyond vascular patency—vascular subpatency, extravascular subpatency, sexual latency, and hepatic latency—obscure endemic transmission and burdens of infection and illness. Long thought to be absent from most of sub-Saharan Africa due to the high prevalence of the Duffy-negative phenotype among residents, recent investigations suggest that widespread reservoirs of transmission may occur across that region. Human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency may also affect susceptibility to infection and directly impact access to effective antirelapse therapy of P. vivax using 8-aminoquinolines that are dangerous to those patients. Natural polymorphisms of the human cytochrome P-450 2D6 gene impact parasite susceptibility to primaquine antirelapse therapy at population levels. All these factors impose great complexity in considering estimates of burdens of P. vivax and access to effective mitigation of the harm caused. The conventional diagnostics underpinning epidemiological and clinical understanding of vivax malaria may be inadequate to the biology of this parasite.
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::2d062b0bfc43ef9bb978de4bc5804425
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003799 -
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المؤلفون: Joshua Arthur, Michael Frimpong, Richard Phillips, Emmanuel Kofi Akowuah, Mark Ayaaba Abugri, Kwabena Oppong Amoako, Sofanne J Ravensbergen, Ymkje Stienstra, Yaw Ampem Amoako, Benjamin Aboagye Marfo, Tjip S. van der Werf
المساهمون: Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD)
المصدر: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 14, Iss 12, p e0008902 (2020)
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 14(12):0008902, 1-12. PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseasesمصطلحات موضوعية: Male, Pediatrics, Impetigo, Cross-sectional study, Ectoparasitic Infections, FEATURES, RC955-962, Social Sciences, Sarcoptes scabiei, Benzoates, Ghana, Disease Outbreaks, Geographical Locations, Scabies, Ivermectin, Medical Conditions, Sociology, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Epidemiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, PROGRAM, Psychology, EPIDEMIOLOGY, Public and Occupational Health, Schools, biology, Socioeconomic Aspects of Health, PREVALENCE, COMMUNITY, Chemistry, Infectious Diseases, DISEASES, Physical Sciences, Sensory Perception, Female, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, medicine.drug, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Adult, STREPTOCOCCAL SKIN INFECTION, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Rashes, Dermatology, Skin Diseases, Education, Young Adult, Signs and Symptoms, medicine, Parasitic Diseases, Humans, business.industry, Pruritus, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Cognitive Psychology, Chemical Compounds, Tropical disease, Outbreak, Biology and Life Sciences, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Tropical Diseases, Health Care, People and Places, Africa, Lesions, Cognitive Science, Perception, Salts, IVERMECTIN, Clinical Medicine, business, Neuroscience
الوصف: Background There is a dearth of data on scabies from Ghana. In September 2019, local health authorities in the East Mamprusi district of northern Ghana received reports of scabies from many parts of the district. Due to on-going reports of more cases, an assessment team visited the communities to assess the effect of the earlier individual treatment on the outbreak. The assessment team furthermore aimed to contribute to the data on scabies burden in Ghana and to demonstrate the use of the International Alliance for the Control of Scabies (IACS) diagnostic tool in a field survey in a resource limited setting. Methodology/Principal findings This was a cross sectional study. Demographic information and medical history was collected on all participants using a REDCap questionnaire. A standardised skin examination of exposed regions of the body was performed on all participants. Scabies was diagnosed based on the criteria of the International Alliance for the Control of Scabies (IACS). Participants were mostly female (61.5%) and had a median age of 18.8 years (IQR 13–25). Two hundred out of 283 (71%) of participants had scabies with most (47%) presenting with moderate disease. Impetigo was found in 22% of participants with scabies and 10.8% of those without scabies [RR 2.27 (95% CI 1.21–4.27)]. 119 participants who received scabies treatment in the past months still had clinical evidence of the disease. 97% of participants reported a recent scabies contact. Scabies was commoner in participants ≤16 years compared to those >16 years [RR 3.06 (95% CI 1.73–5.45)]. Conclusion/Significance The prevalence of scabies was extremely high. The lack of a systematic approach to scabies treatment led to recurrence and ongoing community spread. The IACS criteria was useful in this outbreak assessment in Ghana. Alternative strategies such as Mass drug administration may be required to contain outbreaks early in such settings.
Author summary Scabies, recently categorised as a Neglected Tropical Disease by the WHO is caused by infestation with Sarcoptes scabiei and is characterised by intense pruritus and rash that typically involves the genitalia and the web spaces of the fingers and toes. It has a large global burden and is associated with significant morbidity and socio-economic burden. Secondary bacterial infections following scabies can lead to significant complications including chronic kidney disease from glomerulonephritis and possibly rheumatic heart disease. An outbreak of scabies was reported in Ghana’s East Mamprusi district in September 2019. Despite earlier treatment of individual cases, scabies prevalence was 71%. About 19% of participants had impetigo which was mostly mild in severity. Absence of a systematic approach to treat scabies led to recurrence and ongoing community spread. The recently published IACS criteria for diagnosing scabies proved useful in this outbreak assessment in Ghana. Alternative strategies such as Mass drug administration may be required to contain outbreaks in such settings.وصف الملف: application/pdf
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المؤلفون: Henshaw Mandi, Charles H. King, Maïna L’Azou Jackson, J. Gabrielle Breugelmans, Keli N. Gerken, A. Desiree LaBeaud
المصدر: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 16, Iss 1, p e0009852 (2022)
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseasesمصطلحات موضوعية: RNA viruses, Rift Valley Fever, Epidemiology, RC955-962, Global Health, Geographical Locations, Medical Conditions, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Bunyaviruses, Medicine and Health Sciences, Public and Occupational Health, Pathology and laboratory medicine, Animal Management, Transmission (medicine), Vaccination, Agriculture, Medical microbiology, Vaccination and Immunization, Infectious Diseases, Veterinary Diseases, Viruses, Livestock, Pathogens, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, Infectious Disease Control, Immunology, Wildlife, Surveillance Methods, Disease Surveillance, Biology, Microbiology, Environmental health, parasitic diseases, Vaccine Development, medicine, Humans, Biology and life sciences, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Organisms, Viral pathogens, Outbreak, Viral Vaccines, Odds ratio, Rift Valley fever virus, Microbial pathogens, Medical Risk Factors, Infectious Disease Surveillance, People and Places, Africa, Veterinary Science, Preventive Medicine, business
الوصف: Background Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a lethal threat to humans and livestock in many parts of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Indian Ocean. This systematic review’s objective was to consolidate understanding of RVFV epidemiology during 1999–2021 and highlight knowledge gaps relevant to plans for human vaccine trials. Methodology/Principal findings The review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020221622). Reports of RVFV infection or exposure among humans, animals, and/or vectors in Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Indian Ocean during the period January 1999 to June 2021 were eligible for inclusion. Online databases were searched for publications, and supplemental materials were recovered from official reports and research colleagues. Exposures were classified into five groups: 1) acute human RVF cases, 2) acute animal cases, 3) human RVFV sero-surveys, 4) animal sero-surveys, and 5) arthropod infections. Human risk factors, circulating RVFV lineages, and surveillance methods were also tabulated. In meta-analysis of risks, summary odds ratios were computed using random-effects modeling. 1104 unique human or animal RVFV transmission events were reported in 39 countries during 1999–2021. Outbreaks among humans or animals occurred at rates of 5.8/year and 12.4/year, respectively, with Mauritania, Madagascar, Kenya, South Africa, and Sudan having the most human outbreak years. Men had greater odds of RVFV infection than women, and animal contact, butchering, milking, and handling aborted material were significantly associated with greater odds of exposure. Animal infection risk was linked to location, proximity to water, and exposure to other herds or wildlife. RVFV was detected in a variety of mosquito vectors during interepidemic periods, confirming ongoing transmission. Conclusions/Significance With broad variability in surveillance, case finding, survey design, and RVFV case confirmation, combined with uncertainty about populations-at-risk, there were inconsistent results from location to location. However, it was evident that RVFV transmission is expanding its range and frequency. Gaps assessment indicated the need to harmonize human and animal surveillance and improve diagnostics and genotyping. Given the frequency of RVFV outbreaks, human vaccination has strong potential to mitigate the impact of this now widely endemic disease.
Author summary Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a globally important mosquito-transmitted zoonosis that is also directly transmissible via aerosolization of body fluids from infected animals. RVFV outbreaks cause mass mortality of young livestock and pregnancy losses in both humans and animals. Severe human cases also result in hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, and death. Loss of livestock additionally threatens the livelihood of people who depend on animals for income and food. In endemic areas, initiation of RVFV outbreaks is connected to weather events that cause excess rainfall, leading to flooding and subsequent mosquito blooms. However, the natural cycle of RVFV transmission is complex, requiring congregation of susceptible mammalian hosts and mosquito vectors in suitable environments. Several human vaccine candidates are in different stages of development, but none are yet licensed for use in human populations. In this systematic review, we assessed the 1999–2021 frequency and distribution of RVFV outbreaks among humans, animals, and vectors to identify potential locations and population targets for a human RVFV vaccine efficacy trial. It focuses on current understanding of RVFV epidemiology and the identification of gaps that pose critical barriers to controlling expansion of RVFV and implementing new protective measures including human vaccination. -
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المؤلفون: Malu Muia Ndavi, Lydia N. Wamalwa, Niyonzima Pierre, Silver Tumwegamire, Bigirimana Simon, W. M. Muiru, Edward Kanju, Morag Ferguson
المصدر: PLoS ONE
PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 1 (2022)
PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 1, p e0256002 (2022)مصطلحات موضوعية: Germplasm, Leaves, Heredity, Manihot, Conservation Biology, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, Plant Science, Genetic analysis, Geographical Locations, Cultivar, Conservation Science, Disease Resistance, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Heterozygosity, Plant Anatomy, food and beverages, Eukaryota, Chromosome Mapping, Agriculture, Plants, Seeds, Conservation Genetics, Medicine, Genome, Plant, Research Article, Breeding program, Science, Burundi, Population, Quantitative Trait Loci, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Genetic variation, Genetics, education, Genetic diversity, Cassava, business.industry, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Agronomy, Biotechnology, Plant Breeding, Genetics, Population, Genetic distance, People and Places, Africa, Shrubs, business
الوصف: In Burundi, most of small-scale farmers still grow traditional cassava landraces that are adapted to local conditions and have been selected for consumer preferred attributes. They tend to be susceptible, in varying degrees, to devastating cassava viral diseases such as Cassava Brown Steak Disease (CBSD) and Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD) with production annual losses of US$1 billion annually. For long term resistance to the disease, several breeding strategies have been proposed. A sound basis for a breeding program is to understand the genetic diversity of both landraces and elite introduced breeding cultivars. This will also assist in efforts to conserve landraces ahead of the broad distribution of improved varieties which have the possibility of replacing landraces. Our study aimed at determining the genetic diversity and relationships of local landraces and introduced elite germplasm using morphological and simple nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers as well as identifying a core set of germplasm from the local varieties to be used in the cassava breeding program. A total of 118 cultivars were characterized for morphological trait variation based on leaf, stem and root traits, and genetic variation using SNP markers. Results of morphological characterization based on Ward’s Method revealed three main clusters and five accessions sharing similar characteristics. Molecular characterization identified over 18,000 SNPs and six main clusters and three pairs of duplicates which should be pooled together as one cultivar to avoid redundancy. Results of population genetic analysis showed low genetic distance between populations and between local landraces and elite germplasm. Accessions that shared similar morphological traits were divergent at the molecular level indicating that clustering using morphological traits was inconsistent. Despite the variabilities found within the collection, it was observed that cassava germplasm in Burundi have a narrow genetic base.
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7Menstrual hygiene practice among adolescent girls in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
المؤلفون: Yohannes Tekalegn, Kingsley E Agho, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Demelash Woldeyohannes, Abera Kumie, Daniel Atlaw
المصدر: PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 1 (2022)
PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 1, p e0262295 (2022)
PLoS ONEمصطلحات موضوعية: Rural Population, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Social Sciences, Adolescents, Amhara People, Geographical Locations, Families, Mathematical and Statistical Techniques, Sociology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Psychology, Ethnicities, Medicine, Public and Occupational Health, Sanitation, Children, Multidisciplinary, Schools, Statistics, Hygiene, Metaanalysis, Menstruation, Menstrual hygiene, Chemistry, Meta-analysis, Physical Sciences, Female, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Science, Parenting Behavior, Soaps, Research and Analysis Methods, Education, Patient Education as Topic, Humans, Statistical Methods, Menstrual Hygiene Products, African People, Behavior, business.industry, Chemical Compounds, Biology and Life Sciences, Age Groups, Family medicine, People and Places, Africa, Population Groupings, Salts, Ethiopia, business, Mathematics
الوصف: Background Adolescent girls face several challenges relating to menstruation and its proper management. Lack of adequate sanitary products, inadequate water supply, and privacy for changing sanitary pads continue to leave adolescent girls with limited options for safe and proper menstrual hygiene in many low-income settings, including Ethiopia. These situations are also compounded by societal myths, stigmas surrounding menstruation, and discriminatory social norms. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled proportion of safe menstrual hygiene management among adolescent girls in Ethiopia using the available studies. Methods We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, African Journal Online (AJOL), Hinari, Science Direct, ProQuest, Direct of Open Access Journals, POPLINE, and Cochrane Library database inception to May 31, 2021. Studies reporting the proportion of menstrual hygiene management among adolescent girls in Ethiopia were considered. The Cochrane Q test statistics and I2 tests were used to assess the heterogeneity of the included studies. Since the included studies revealed considerable heterogeneity, a random effect meta-analysis model was used to estimate the pooled proportion of menstrual hygiene management (MHM). Results Of 1,045 identified articles, 22 studies were eligible for analysis (n = 12,330 participants). The pooled proportion (PP) of safe MHM in Ethiopia was 52.69% (95%CI: 44.16, 61.22). The use of commercial menstrual absorbents was common 64.63% (95%CI: 55.32, 73.93, I2 99.2%) followed by homemade cloth 53.03% (95%CI: 22.29, 83.77, I2 99.2%). Disposal of absorbent material into the latrine was the most common practice in Ethiopia 62.18% (95%CI: 52.87, 71.49, I2 98.7%). One in four girls reported missing one or more school days during menstruation (PP: 32.03%, 95%CI: 22.65%, 41.40%, I2 98.2%). Conclusion This study revealed that only half of the adolescent girls in Ethiopia had safe MHM practices. To ensure that girls in Ethiopia can manage menstruation hygienically and with dignity, strong gender-specific water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities along with strong awareness creation activities at every level are needed.
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المصدر: PLoS ONE
PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 12, p e0260427 (2021)مصطلحات موضوعية: Bacterial Diseases, Male, Teeth, Social Sciences, Adolescents, Coffee, Geographical Locations, Families, Medical Conditions, Khat, Caries, Medicine and Health Sciences, Children, Geographic Areas, Response rate (survey), Multidisciplinary, biology, Geography, Bread, Infectious Diseases, Medicine, Anatomy, Research Article, Urban Areas, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Science, Developing country, Dental Caries, Human Geography, Tooth brushing, Beverages, Urban Geography, Environmental health, medicine, Humans, Nutrition, business.industry, Public health, Case-control study, Biology and Life Sciences, Odds ratio, biology.organism_classification, Confidence interval, Diet, Cross-Sectional Studies, Jaw, Age Groups, Food, Case-Control Studies, People and Places, Africa, Earth Sciences, Population Groupings, Ethiopia, business, Digestive System, Head
الوصف: Background Dental caries is a prevalent disease in both developed and developing countries and is a public health problem among adolescents. This study aimed to assess the determinants of dental caries among adolescent patients in the west Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia. Methods A hospital-based unmatched case-control study design was conducted in West Wollega Zone, West Ethiopia. A total of 133 cases and 266 controls participated in this study. Data were collected using pre-tested questionnaires from three hospitals. Epi-info version 7 was used for data entry and was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Frequency, proportion, mean and standard deviation were computed to summarize the data. Statistics are presented using tables and bar graphs. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the determinants of dental caries at P < 0.05. The adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to show the strength of association between the predictors and dental caries. Results A total of 399 adolescents were enrolled in this study, yielding a response rate of 100%. The study found that, daily consumption of sugared coffee (AOR = 2.91, 95% CI:1.62, 5.23), khat chewing (AOR = 2.90, 95%CI: 1.46, 3.15), daily consumption of bread (AOR = 2.65, 95%CI: 1.44, 4.89), daily consumption of sweet foods (AOR = 2.04, 95%CI:1.19, 3.48), living in urban areas (AOR = 1.86, 95%CI:1.09, 3.15), and daily tooth brushing using toothpaste or stick (AOR = 0.48;95%CI, 0.28, 0.81) were significantly associated with dental caries among adolescents. Conclusions and recommendations In this study, drinking sugared coffee, daily consumption of bread, khat chewing, sugary food consumption, living in urban areas, and daily tooth brushing using toothpaste were significantly associated with dental caries. Therefore, improving dietary and drinking habits and strengthening regular tooth brushing are important for reducing dental caries among adolescents.
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المؤلفون: Yihenew Sewale, Bitew Tefera, Haimanot Abebe, Haymanot Zeleke, Zebene Mekonnen, Abebe Abate
المصدر: PLoS ONE
PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 12, p e0260361 (2021)مصطلحات موضوعية: Economics, Health Care Providers, Nurses, Social Sciences, Logistic regression, law.invention, Amhara People, Geographical Locations, law, Patient Handling, Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine, Ethnicities, Medical Personnel, Response rate (survey), Multidisciplinary, Low back pain, Intensive care unit, Hospitals, Professions, Intensive Care Units, Engineering and Technology, medicine.symptom, Research Article, Biotechnology, Employment, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Science, Lower Back Pain, Pain, Bioengineering, Jobs, Signs and Symptoms, Intensive care, Humans, African People, Descriptive statistics, business.industry, Hospitals, Public, Public health, Biology and Life Sciences, Health Care, Assistive Technologies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Health Care Facilities, Family medicine, Labor Economics, People and Places, Africa, Population Groupings, Medical Devices and Equipment, Ethiopia, Clinical Medicine, business, Low Back Pain
الوصف: Background Low back pain is a common public health problem throughout the world with a global prevalence from 28% to 86%. Nurses working in intensive care units are handling people who are critically ill and helpless, which requires more assistance for transferring and handling activities. This possesses a risk for low back pain but little is known about it in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the magnitude of low back pain and associated factors among nurses who work at intensive care units in Amhara region public hospitals, North Ethiopia. Methods A multi-centered institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Amhara region public hospitals from March 1-30, 2020. A simple random sampling technique after proportional allocation was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using a standard modified Nordic musculoskeletal assessment tool. After data were checked for completeness and consistency, it was entered into Epidata version 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Science software version 26 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were computed. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with low back pain. Finally, those variables with a p-value of Result Study was conducted among 412 intensive care unit nurses giving a response rate of 97.6%. The magnitude of low back pain was 313 (76%) [95% CI: (71.6%-79.9%)]. Being female [AOR = 2.674 (1.404, 5.076)], unavailability of assistive device for patient handling [AOR = 2.139 (1.035, 4.410)], lack of training on intensive care [AOR = 2.017 (1.092, 3.943)], lack of regular exercise [AOR = 2.164 (1.164, 4.108)] and job stress [AOR = 3.66 (1.955, 6.498)] were factors significantly associated with low back pain. Conclusions In this study the magnitude of low back pain was high. Being female, unavailability of an assistive device for patient handling, lack of training on intensive care, lack of regular exercise and job stress were factors associated with low back pain. Policymakers and concerned bodies should emphasize the accessibility of assistive devices for patient care, provision of training on intensive care, and adaptive working environment for intensive care unit nurses.
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المؤلفون: Neh Chang Ngasa, Stewart Ndutard Ngasa, Leticia Armelle Sani Tchouda, Eric Wah Sanji, Carlson-Sama Babila, Christabel Abanda, Therence Nwana Dingana
المصدر: PLoS ONE
PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 12, p e0260819 (2021)مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, Viral Diseases, Epidemiology, Physiology, Emotions, Social Sciences, Disease, Anxiety, Geographical Locations, Medical Conditions, Risk Factors, Medicine and Health Sciences, Prevalence, Psychology, Cameroon, Depression (differential diagnoses), Multidisciplinary, Depression, Incidence (epidemiology), Middle Aged, Hospitalization, Clinical Psychology, Infectious Diseases, Physiological Parameters, Medicine, Female, medicine.symptom, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, Science, Sex Factors, Internal medicine, Mental Health and Psychiatry, medicine, Humans, Obesity, Pandemics, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Inpatients, business.industry, Mood Disorders, Body Weight, Cognitive Psychology, Panic, Biology and Life Sciences, COVID-19, Covid 19, medicine.disease, Mental health, Comorbidity, Cross-Sectional Studies, Logistic Models, People and Places, Africa, Cognitive Science, business, Neuroscience
الوصف: Studies assessing the mental health of patients with COVID-19 infection remain limited. Disasters and major emergencies, not just COVID-19, undoubtedly lead to greater incidence of mental health problems. Previous studies indicate that the novel Coronavirus disease can cause panic and stress in patients. Our literature search didn’t reveal any previous published data from Cameroon and the Central African sub-region. In order to bridge this gap, we assessed the prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety in COVID-19 patients. We carried out a cross-sectional study in a secondary hospital in the Littoral Region of Cameroon. We recruited hospitalised COVID-19 patients during a 4-month period. We collected data on sociodemographic characteristics. The HADS score was used to assess levels of anxiety and depression. All analysis were done using Stata 14. A P value of 35 years (OR:2.03, P = 0.02), presence of comorbidity (OR: 1.68, P = 0.01), BMI > = 30kg/m2 (OR: 1.78, P = 0.02), presence of COVID-19 complications (OR: 1.28, P = 0.01) and anxiety (OR: 4.60, P
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