المؤلفون: Kim DH; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Lee H; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Pawar A; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Lee SB; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Park CM; Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Levin R; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Metzger E; Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Bateman BT; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA., Ely EW; Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Health Services Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA., Pandharipande PP; Departments of Anesthesiology and Surgery, Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA., Pisani MA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA., Hohmann SF; Vizient®, Inc. and Department of Health Systems Management, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA., Marcantonio ER; Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Inouye SK; Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

المصدر: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society [J Am Geriatr Soc] 2023 Dec; Vol. 71 (12), pp. 3755-3767. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Sep 07.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Blackwell Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7503062 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1532-5415 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00028614 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Am Geriatr Soc Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Antipsychotic Agents*/therapeutic use , Dexmedetomidine*, Humans ; Female ; United States ; Aged ; Male ; Haloperidol ; Retrospective Studies ; Anticonvulsants ; Psychotropic Drugs/therapeutic use ; Benzodiazepines/adverse effects ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Antidepressive Agents

المؤلفون: Kim DH; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston; Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston; Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston; and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (D.H.K.)., Lee SB; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (S.B.L., R.L.)., Park CM; Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston; and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (C.M.P., E.M.)., Levin R; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (S.B.L., R.L.)., Metzger E; Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston; and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (C.M.P., E.M.)., Bateman BT; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California (B.T.B.)., Ely EW; Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Center for Health Services Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (E.W.E.)., Pandharipande PP; Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Anesthesiology and Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (P.P.P.)., Pisani MA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (M.A.P.)., Jones RN; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (R.N.J.)., Marcantonio ER; Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston; Harvard Medical School, Boston; and Division of General Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (E.R.M.)., Inouye SK; Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston; Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston; and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (S.K.I.).

المصدر: Annals of internal medicine [Ann Intern Med] 2023 Sep; Vol. 176 (9), pp. 1153-1162. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Sep 05.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: American College of Physicians--American Society of Internal Medicine Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0372351 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1539-3704 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00034819 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ann Intern Med Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Antipsychotic Agents*/adverse effects , Emergence Delirium* , Ischemic Attack, Transient*, Humans ; Female ; Aged ; Male ; Quetiapine Fumarate/adverse effects ; Haloperidol/adverse effects ; Olanzapine ; Risperidone ; Cohort Studies ; Hospital Mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Hospitals

المؤلفون: Girard TD; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Exline MC; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Carson SS; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Hough CL; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Rock P; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Gong MN; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Douglas IS; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Malhotra A; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Owens RL; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Feinstein DJ; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Khan B; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Pisani MA; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Hyzy RC; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Schmidt GA; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Schweickert WD; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Hite RD; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Bowton DL; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Masica AL; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Thompson JL; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Chandrasekhar R; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Pun BT; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Strength C; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Boehm LM; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Jackson JC; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Pandharipande PP; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Brummel NE; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Hughes CG; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Patel MB; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Stollings JL; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Bernard GR; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Dittus RS; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville., Ely EW; From the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh (T.D.G.); the Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus (M.C.E.), and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (R.D.H.) - both in Ohio; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.S.C.), the Section on Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem (D.L.B.), and Cone Health System, Greensboro (D.J.F.) - all in North Carolina; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (C.L.H.); the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.R.); the Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York (M.N.G.); the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver (I.S.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego (A.M., R.L.O.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.K.); the Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (M.A.P.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (R.C.H.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City (G.A.S.); , and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia (W.D.S.); the Center for Clinical Effectiveness, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas (A.L.M.); and the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center (J.L.T., R.C., B.T.P., C.S., L.M.B., J.C.J., P.P.P., N.E.B., C.G.H., M.B.P., J.L.S., G.R.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Health Services Research (R.C., J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., R.S.D., E.W.E.), the Center for Quality Aging (N.E.B., E.W.E.), the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (J.C.J., C.S., N.E.B., G.R.B., E.W.E.), the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health (R.S.D.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Biostatistics (J.L.T., R.C.), the Department of Psychiatry (J.C.J.), the Division of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology (P.P.P., C.G.H.), the Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery (M.B.P.), and the Department of Pharmaceutical Services (J.L.S.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (L.M.B.), and the Anesthesia Service (P.P.P., C.G.H.), Research Service (J.C.J.), Surgical Service (M.B.P.), and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service (R.S.D., E.W.E.), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - all in Nashville.

مؤلفون مشاركون: MIND-USA Investigators

المصدر: The New England journal of medicine [N Engl J Med] 2018 Dec 27; Vol. 379 (26), pp. 2506-2516. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Oct 22.

نوع المنشور: Clinical Trial, Phase III; Comparative Study; Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0255562 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1533-4406 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00284793 NLM ISO Abbreviation: N Engl J Med Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Antipsychotic Agents/*therapeutic use , Critical Illness/*psychology , Delirium/*drug therapy , Dopamine Antagonists/*therapeutic use , Haloperidol/*therapeutic use , Piperazines/*therapeutic use , Thiazoles/*therapeutic use, Aged ; Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects ; Critical Illness/mortality ; Critical Illness/therapy ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Haloperidol/administration & dosage ; Haloperidol/adverse effects ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Piperazines/administration & dosage ; Piperazines/adverse effects ; Respiratory Insufficiency/psychology ; Shock/psychology ; Thiazoles/administration & dosage ; Thiazoles/adverse effects ; Treatment Failure

المؤلفون: Kim DH; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.; Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts., Mahesri M; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts., Bateman BT; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts., Huybrechts KF; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts., Inouye SK; Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.; Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts., Marcantonio ER; Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.; Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts., Herzig SJ; Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts., Ely EW; Division of Allergy, Pulmonology, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, Nashville, Tennessee., Pisani MA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut., Levin R; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts., Avorn J; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

المصدر: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society [J Am Geriatr Soc] 2018 Aug; Vol. 66 (8), pp. 1491-1498. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Aug 19.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Blackwell Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7503062 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1532-5415 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00028614 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Am Geriatr Soc Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Antipsychotic Agents/*therapeutic use , Cardiac Surgical Procedures/*psychology , Drug Prescriptions/*statistics & numerical data , Patient Discharge/*trends , Postoperative Complications/*drug therapy, Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Delirium/drug therapy ; Delirium/etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Postoperative Complications/etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; United States

المؤلفون: Farrokh S; 1 Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA.; 2 Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, Critical Care Clinical Faculty, University of Saint Joseph School of Pharmacy, Hartford, CT, USA., Castle AC; 1 Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA., Heavner M; 1 Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA., Pisani MA; 1 Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA.; 3 Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

المصدر: Journal of pharmacy practice [J Pharm Pract] 2017 Jun; Vol. 30 (3), pp. 342-346. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Apr 28.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Sage Publications Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8900945 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1531-1937 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08971900 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Pharm Pract Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Antipsychotic Agents/*administration & dosage , Continuity of Patient Care/*trends , Intensive Care Units/*trends , Patient Discharge/*trends, Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects ; Continuity of Patient Care/standards ; Female ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units/standards ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Discharge/standards ; Psychomotor Agitation/drug therapy ; Psychomotor Agitation/psychology ; Psychotic Disorders/drug therapy ; Psychotic Disorders/psychology ; Random Allocation ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

المؤلفون: Pisani MA; Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA., Bramley K, Vest MT, Akgün KM, Araujo KL, Murphy TE

المصدر: American journal of critical care : an official publication, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses [Am J Crit Care] 2013 Sep; Vol. 22 (5), pp. e62-9.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Observational Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: American Association Of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9211547 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1937-710X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10623264 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am J Crit Care Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Analgesics, Opioid/*administration & dosage , Antipsychotic Agents/*administration & dosage , Benzodiazepines/*administration & dosage , Delirium/*drug therapy , Fentanyl/*administration & dosage , Haloperidol/*administration & dosage , Lorazepam/*administration & dosage, Aged ; Bayes Theorem ; Cohort Studies ; Connecticut ; Female ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/adverse effects ; Intensive Care Units ; Male ; Middle Aged

المؤلفون: Jones SF; Scott and White Healthcare/Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas 76508, USA. shjones@swmail.sw.org, Pisani MA

المصدر: Current opinion in critical care [Curr Opin Crit Care] 2012 Apr; Vol. 18 (2), pp. 146-51.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Review

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9504454 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1531-7072 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10705295 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Curr Opin Crit Care Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Critical Care* , Intensive Care Units*, Antipsychotic Agents/*therapeutic use , Delirium/*drug therapy , Delirium/*etiology , Haloperidol/*therapeutic use, Anesthesia, General/adverse effects ; Critical Illness ; Delirium/diagnosis ; Delirium/mortality ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Treatment Outcome

المؤلفون: Kim, Dae Hyun, Mahesri, Mufaddal, Bateman, Brian T., Huybrechts, Krista F., Inouye, Sharon K., Marcantonio, Edward R., Herzig, Shoshana J., Ely, E. Wesley, Pisani, Margaret A., Levin, Raisa, Avorn, Jerry

مصطلحات موضوعية: Aged, 80 and over, Male, Delirium, Drug Prescriptions, Article, Patient Discharge, United States, Postoperative Complications, Risk Factors, Humans, Female, Longitudinal Studies, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Aged, Antipsychotic Agents, Retrospective Studies

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=pmid________::182ebc143c37adc323e36e9a7e9fb1b0
https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6217828/

المؤلفون: DeBiasi, Erin M., Akgün, Kathleen M., Pisani, Margaret

المصدر: Seminars in Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine; 2015, Vol. 36 Issue 6, p899-913, 15p

مصطلحات موضوعية: TERMINAL sedation, AGITATION (Psychology), CRITICALLY ill patient care, INTENSIVE care patients, MEDICAL protocols, CATASTROPHIC illness, ANTIPSYCHOTIC agents, ARTIFICIAL respiration, ANXIETY, CRITICAL care medicine, DELIRIUM, INTENSIVE care units, PAIN, PSYCHOMOTOR disorders, PSYCHOLOGY

المؤلفون: Levine, Alexander R, Lemieux, Steven M, D'Aquino, Daniela, Tenney, Analise, Pisani, Margaret, Ali, Syed

المصدر: Clinical Medicine Insights: Psychiatry; 7/16/2019, Vol. 10, pN.PAG-N.PAG, 1p, 1 Diagram, 2 Charts