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المؤلفون: Fabienne Gehrke, Angelina Schindele, Holger Puchta
المصدر: Plant Physiology
Plant physiology, 188 (4), 1769–1779
Plant Physiolمصطلحات موضوعية: Gene Editing, Life sciences, biology, Plant Breeding, DNA End-Joining Repair, Physiology, ddc:570, fungi, Genetics, food and beverages, Focus Issue on Gene Editing and its Applications, Plant Science, CRISPR-Cas Systems, Chromosomes, Plant
الوصف: Although clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas)-mediated gene editing has revolutionized biology and plant breeding, large-scale, heritable restructuring of plant chromosomes is still in its infancy. Duplications and inversions within a chromosome, and also translocations between chromosomes, can now be achieved. Subsequently, genetic linkages can be broken or can be newly created. Also, the order of genes on a chromosome can be changed. While natural chromosomal recombination occurs by homologous recombination during meiosis, CRISPR/Cas-mediated chromosomal rearrangements can be obtained best by harnessing nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways in somatic cells. NHEJ can be subdivided into the classical (cNHEJ) and alternative NHEJ (aNHEJ) pathways, which partially operate antagonistically. The cNHEJ pathway not only protects broken DNA ends from degradation but also suppresses the joining of previously unlinked broken ends. Hence, in the absence of cNHEJ, more inversions or translocations can be obtained which can be ascribed to the unrestricted use of the aNHEJ pathway for double-strand break (DSB) repair. In contrast to inversions or translocations, short tandem duplications can be produced by paired single-strand breaks via a Cas9 nickase. Interestingly, the cNHEJ pathway is essential for these kinds of duplications, whereas aNHEJ is required for patch insertions that can also be formed during DSB repair. As chromosome engineering has not only been accomplished in the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) but also in the crop maize (Zea mays), we expect that this technology will soon transform the breeding process.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::59fdc358b1dfa3bf2413152d6c266d45
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المؤلفون: Jing Wu, Lin Su, Sun Xueying, Meizhi Zhang, Lihua Zhao, Fan Yang, Ye Jin, Changjin Ao
المصدر: Food Science & Nutrition, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 169-178 (2022)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Allium mongolicum Regel and its extracts, Allium mongolicum, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, volatile flavor, food and beverages, Biology, biology.organism_classification, free amino acid, fermented sausage, TX341-641, Fermentation, fatty acid, Food science, Food Science
الوصف: The study aimed to evaluate the effects of Allium mongolicum Regel (AMR) and its water‐ and fat‐soluble extracts on the quality of fermented mutton sausages. Sausages were produced with mutton and fat. Four treatments: CO, without Allium mongolicum Regel and its extracts, used as control; AMR with Allium mongolicum Regel; AWE with water‐soluble extract of Allium mongolicum Regel; and AFE with liposoluble extract from Allium mongolicum Regel, were produced and analyzed for pH, water activity (aw), free amino acids, fatty acids, and volatiles were, respectively, in fermented mutton sausages during processing (0, 2, 5, and 7 days). The results showed that the pH values of the liposoluble extract from Allium mongolicum Regel (AFE), respectively, are lower than that of sample CO at the end of fermentation and ripening. The aw in all group of sausages significantly dropped to 0.88 at the end of ripening (Day 7). Adding Allium mongolicum Regel and its water‐soluble extract can improve the serine (SER) content of fermented mutton sausage. The contents of five essential amino acids (EAA) were added when adding Allium mongolicum Regel and its fat‐soluble extract. The total fatty acid (TFA) in the treatments increased during drying and ripening. The addition of Allium mongolicum Regel and its extract can increase the content of volatile flavor substances such as 3‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone, 3‐methylbutyraldehyde, hexanal, octanal, and nonanal at the later stage of maturity, so as to improve the flavor substances in fermented mutton sausage. Water‐soluble extract of Allium mongolicum Regel (AWE) and AFE treatments had more intense flavor at the end of ripening (Day 7). The flavor of fermented mutton sausage can be improved by adding Allium mongolicum Regel and its extracts into fermented mutton sausage.
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المؤلفون: Arredondo, Raquel, Poggioli, Francesco, Martínez-Díaz, Santos, Piera-Trilla, María, Torres-Claramunt, Raúl, Tío Barrera, Laura, Monllau García, Joan Carles, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
المصدر: Regenerative Therapy, Vol 18, Iss, Pp 480-486 (2021)
Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Regenerative Therapyمصطلحات موضوعية: CMI, collagen meniscal implant, Medicine (General), MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells, PCL-PU, polycaprolactone-polyurethane, Biomedical Engineering, engineering.material, ITS, Insulin Transferrin Selenium, Biomaterials, chemistry.chemical_compound, R5-920, Coating, Meniscal scaffold, Rbm, rabbit bone marrow, Tissue engineering, rBM, rabbit bone marrow, rCHs, rabbit chondrocytes, Fibronectin, FN, fibronectin, Rchs, rabbit chondrocytes, Mesenchymal stem cell, Polyurethane, Scaffolds, PSR, picrosirius red, QH573-671, biology, Chemistry, Post-meniscectomy syndrome, AMT, allograft meniscus transplantation, ECM, extracellular matrix, Cell biology, MNCs, mononuclear cells, engineering, biology.protein, RT, room temperature, Original Article, Cytology, Meniscal injuries, Developmental Biology
الوصف: Introduction Partial meniscectomy is one of the most common surgical strategy for a meniscal injury, but sometimes, patients complain of knee pain due to an overload in the ablated compartment. In these cases, implantation of tissue engineering scaffold could be indicated. Currently, two commercial scaffolds, based on collagen or polycaprolactone-polyurethane (PCL-PU), are available for meniscus scaffolding. In short term follow-up assessments, both showed clinical improvement and tissue formation. However, long-term studies carried out in PCL-PU showed that the new tissue decreased in volume and assumed an irregular shape. Moreover, in some cases, the scaffold was totally reabsorbed, without new tissue formation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) combined with scaffolds could represents a promising approach for treating meniscal defects because of their multipotency and self-renewal. In this work, we aimed to compare the behaviour of MSCs and chondrocytes on a PCL-PU scaffold in vitro. MSCs express integrins that binds to fibronectin (FN), so we also investigate the effect of a FN coating on the bioactivity of the scaffold. Methods We isolated rabbit bone marrow MSCs (rBM-MSCs) from two skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits and stablished the optimum culture condition to expand them. Then, they were seeded over non-coated and FN-coated scaffolds and cultured in chondrogenic conditions. To evaluate cell functionality, we performed an MTS assay to compare cell proliferation between both conditions. Finally, a histologic study was performed to assess extracellular matrix (ECM) production in both samples, and to compare them with the ones obtained with rabbit chondrocytes (rCHs) seeded in a non-coated scaffold. Results A culture protocol based on low FBS concentration was set as the best for rBM-MSCs expansion. The MTS assay revealed that rBM-MSCs seeded on FN-coated scaffolds have more cells on proliferation (145%; 95% CI: 107%–182%) compared with rBM-MSCs seeded on non-coated scaffolds. Finally, the histologic study demonstrated that rCHs seeded on non-coated scaffolds displayed the highest production of ECM, followed by rBM-MSCs seeded on FN-coated scaffolds. Furthermore, both cell types produced a comparable ECM pattern. Conclusion These results suggest that MSCs have low capacity attachment to PCL-PU scaffolds, but the presence of integrin alpha5beta1 (FN-receptor) in MSCs allows them to interact with the FN-coated scaffolds. These results could be applied in the design of scaffolds, and might have important clinical implications in orthopaedic surgery of meniscal injuries.
Graphical abstract Image 1
Highlights • Cultures with low FBS are more suitable to isolation and expansion of rBM-MSC. • PCL-PU scaffolds coated with FN show improve adhesion properties for rBM-MSCs. • rBM-MSCs seeded in PCL-PU + FN produce ECM similar to the one produced by chondrocytes.وصف الملف: application/pdf
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المؤلفون: Lázaro Eustáquio Pereira Peres, Alisdair R. Fernie, Yiping Qi, Agustin Zsögön, Shaun J. Curtin
المصدر: Repositório Institucional da USP (Biblioteca Digital da Produção Intelectual)
Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
instacron:USP
Plant Physiolمصطلحات موضوعية: Crops, Agricultural, Physiology, business.industry, fungi, food and beverages, Plant Science, Biology, Biotechnology, Domestication, Crop, Plant Breeding, PLANTAS CULTIVADAS, Genetics, Focus Issue on Gene Editing and its Applications, business
الوصف: Growing knowledge about crop domestication, combined with increasingly powerful gene-editing toolkits, sets the stage for the continual domestication of crop wild relatives and other lesser-known plant species.
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::f31bad7193bbe3d9585280244a6373ca
https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiab554 -
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المؤلفون: Saša Stefanović, Ana Rita G. Simões, Rosangela Simao-Bianchini, Simone Soares da Silva, Mihai Costea
المصدر: PhytoKeys, Vol 184, Iss, Pp 27-44 (2021)
PhytoKeys 184: 27-44
PhytoKeysمصطلحات موضوعية: Systematics, Convolvuloideae, dodders, Morphology (biology), Context (language use), Plant Science, Convolvulaceae, phylogeny, Magnoliopsida, Phylogenetics, morphology, Botany, Plantae, systematics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Taxonomy, parasitic plant, Phylogenetic tree, biology, Solanales, Cuscuta, biology.organism_classification, Biota, Tracheophyta, Taxon, Synonym (taxonomy), QK1-989, Americas, ITS, Research Article
الوصف: Cuscuta mantiqueirana Costea, S.S. Silva & Sim.-Bianch. a new species from montane cloud forests of the Serra da Mantiqueira, Brazil, is described and illustrated. The morphological and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the new species belongs to sect. Subulatae of subg. Grammica. The new species is related to C. odorata var. botryoides, C. rotundiflora and C. globiflora from which it differs in narrower calyx lobes and the presence of four stomatiferous lobes or projections at the distal part of the ovary. A detailed morphological comparison with C. odorata var. botryoides, morphologically the most similar taxon, is provided along with the geographical distribution, ecology and host range of the species. The morphological and phylogenetic relationships of the new species, as well as the diversity of stomatiferous projections, are discussed in the broader context of sect. Subulatae and subg. Grammica. Cuscuta boliviana var. paranensis is considered a synonym of C. odorata var. botryoides.
وصف الملف: text/html
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::7dcb4a38a671d12785d836a2d1dfa49b
https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.184.69037 -
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المؤلفون: Melanie A. Whitmore, Jing Liu, S. Stewart, Qing Yang, Guolong Zhang, Kelsy Robinson
المصدر: Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2021)
Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnologyمصطلحات موضوعية: Mycobiota, Veterinary medicine, Ileum, Biology, Antimicrobial resistance, Biochemistry, SF1-1100, Poultry, Microbiology, Jejunum, Pathogenesis, SF600-1100, medicine, Microbiome, Necrotic enteritis, Research, Broiler, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, C. perfringens, Animal culture, ITS sequencing, medicine.anatomical_structure, Eimeria maxima, Dysbiosis, Animal Science and Zoology, Food Science, Biotechnology
الوصف: Background Intestinal microbiota is critical for maintaining animal health and homeostasis. However, involvement of the fungal community, also known as the mycobiota, in animal health and disease is poorly understood. This study was aimed to examine the association between the intestinal mycobiota and the severity of necrotic enteritis (NE), an economically significant poultry disease. Methods A total of 90 day-of-hatch Cobb broilers were infected with Eimeria maxima on d 10, followed by an oral challenge with C. perfringens on d 14 to induce NE, while another 10 broilers were served as mock-infected controls. On d 17, the lesions in the jejunum were scored, and the ileal digesta were subjected to DNA isolation and real-time PCR quantification of total bacterial and fungi populations. Internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) amplicon sequencing was also performed to profile the ileal mycobiota composition. Changes in the ileal mycobiota in response to NE were investigated. Spearman correlation analysis was further conducted to identify the correlations between relative abundances of individual ileal fungi and the severity of NE. Results While the total bacterial population in the ileum was increased by 2- to 3-fold in NE chickens, the total fungal population was progressively declined in more exacerbated NE, with the most severely infected chickens showing a nearly 50-fold reduction relative to mock-infected controls. Richness of the ileal mycobiota also tended to reduce in chickens with NE (P = 0.06). Compositionally, among 30 most abundant fungal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), 11 were diminished and 7 were enriched (P P > 0.05). Multiple Wallemia and Aspergillus species were markedly diminished in NE (P P Conclusions Dysbiosis of the ileal mycobiota is induced evidently by NE and the extent of the dysbiosis is positively correlated with disease severity. These findings suggest a possible role of the intestinal mycobiota in NE pathogenesis and highlight the mycobiota as a new potential target for NE mitigation in poultry.
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المؤلفون: Duilio Iamonico
المصدر: Acta Botanica Croatica
Volume 80
Issue 2مصطلحات موضوعية: Syria, Turkey, biology, Arenaria spinulifolia, Caryophyllaceae, Plant Science, Tribe (biology), biology.organism_classification, Floristics, Geography, Taxon, Evolutionary biology, Genus, Iraq, Molecular phylogenetics, Basionym, Typification, ITS, Lebanon, typification, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
الوصف: Habrosia (Sagineae, Caryophyllaceae) is a genus that includes only H. spinuliflora, a species occurring in Iran, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Turkey (Irano-Turanian floristic chorological element). Based on the available molecular data published in 2011, Habrosia appears to be nested in a Minuartia-clade, which includes taxa currently recognized under the genus Sabulina. Consequently, Habrosia should be treated as a genus to be included in Sabulina. However, the molecular tree published in 2011 considered only 9 Sabulina members whereas, according to the current concept, Sabulina is a genus comprising about 65 species. Unfortunately, the molecular phylogeny including a larger Sabulina sample published in 2014 did not include H. spinuliflora and the taxonomic position of Habrosia remains, therefore, uncertain. With the aim of verifying the correct position of Habrosia in the tribe Sagineae with respect to its relationship to Sabulina, a comprehensive molecular investigation based on ITS sequences, linked to detailed morphological data, is presented. The results obtained revealed that Habrosia is not part of Sabulina. A detailed description of H. spinuliflora, its ecological preference, and a distribution map are provided. Eventually, the name Arenaria spinulifolia (basionym of H. spinuliflora) is lectotypified on a specimen preserved at G (barcode G00212963).
وصف الملف: application/pdf
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::c8369e68e98052aa69655e1df720cef4
https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2021-025 -
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المصدر: Algae. 36:175-193
مصطلحات موضوعية: Morphology, biology, Zoology, Plant Science, Aquatic Science, biology.organism_classification, Harmful benthic dinoflagellate, ITS, LSU rDNA, South-east Mediterranean Sea, Coolia malayensis, Mediterranean sea, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Dinophyceae
الوصف: This study provides the first report of the presence of Coolia malayensis in the Mediterranean Sea, co-occurring with C. monotis. Isolated strains from the Gulf of Gabès, Tunisia (South-eastern Mediterranean) were identified by morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis. Examination by light and scanning electron microscopy revealed no significant morphological differences between the Tunisian isolates and other geographically distant strains of C. monotis and C. malayensis. Phylogenetic trees based on ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and D1‒D3/28S rDNA sequences showed that C. monotis strains clustered with others from the Mediterranean and Atlantic whereas the C. malayensis isolate branched with isolates from the Pacific and the Atlantic, therefore revealing no geographical trend among C. monotis and C. malayensis populations. Ultrastructural analyses by transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of numerous vesicles containing spirally coiled fibers in both C. malayensis and C. monotis cells, which we speculate to be involved in mucus production.
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المؤلفون: Mrugesh H Trivedi, Dhara Dixit, C. R. K. Reddy, Devesh K. Gadhavi, Nikunj Balar, Poornima Suthar
المصدر: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences. 91:889-896
مصطلحات موضوعية: Algae, biology, Phylogenetic tree, Its region, Ecology, GenBank, Pcr cloning, Biodiversity, Internal transcribed spacer, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, biology.organism_classification, Mega, General Environmental Science
الوصف: The purpose of the current study is to report and provide the first record of the macroalgal diversity observed along the underrated northern coast of the Gulf of Kachchh (GoK), India, backed by its molecular study. The biodiversity data existing for the northern belt of the GoK, encompassing the Kachchh coast, is quite flimsy in contrast to the substantial amount of seaweed diversity data obtainable for its southern counterpart. Four Chlorophytes were collected from the selected sites and subjected to molecular characterization using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, (ITS1 & ITS2). The ITS1 and ITS2 regions were amplified using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. The purified PCR products were sequenced. The G + C ratio of the ITS region ranged from 40.76 to 57.34%. The purity ratio ranged from 1.68 to 2.10, while the DNA concentration varied from 30 to 168 ng/µL for 4 different species tested. The average yield of the DNA recorded for these Chlorophytes was 5.45 µg. The phylogenetic tree was created by aligning the ITS sequence using MEGA 7 software following the maximum likelihood method. The taxonomic identity of all these 4 macroalgal species was successfully determined based on PCR results. The GenBank accession numbers [(MT452260), (MT452261), (MT484071), and (MT452262)] were obtained for all the four sequences. Overall, the northern region is species-poor in comparison with the southern belt of the Gulf of Kachchh, yet it bears some economically viable macroalgal species making it an important ecological area to be studied and explored.
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::5adcf3a976ac262f1bd050852167cb1a
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-021-01273-8 -
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المؤلفون: Niyaz Ahmed, Sabiha Shaik, Arya Suresh
المصدر: The Journal of Infectious Diseases
مصطلحات موضوعية: plasmids, Genotype, enteric bacteria, India, Context (language use), Computational biology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, AMR surveillance, Evolution, Molecular, Antibiotic resistance, multidrug resistance, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, medicine, Functional molecular infection epidemiology, Immunology and Allergy, Enteric Diseases and Nutritional Disorders: Persisting Challenges for LMICs, Phylogeny, Comparative genomics, Bangladesh, Infection Control, Molecular Epidemiology, Molecular epidemiology, Bacteria, Whole Genome Sequencing, Transmission (medicine), Antimicrobial Resistance and its Impact on Treatment of Enteric Infections, Genetic Variation, Pathogenic bacteria, Genomics, fitness advantage, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Multiple drug resistance, Infectious Diseases, AcademicSubjects/MED00290, Genome, Bacterial
الوصف: Genomics-driven molecular epidemiology of pathogenic bacteria has largely been carried out through functionally neutral/inert sequences, mostly entailing polymorphic gene loci or repetitive tracts. However, it is very important to harness phenotypically relevant markers to assign a valid functional epidemiological context to tracking of pathogens. These should include microbial acumen to acquire multiple drug resistance (MDR), their physiological coordinates with reference to clinical or community-level dynamics of incidence/transmission, and their response or refractoriness to the activated immune system. We propose that multidimensional and multicentric approaches, based on diverse data integration coupled with comparative genomics and functional molecular infection epidemiology, would likely be successful in tracking the emergence and spread of MDR pathogens and thereby guiding the global infection control strategies in a highly informed manner.
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::5d3fec18e09c9624fb2eb04c4757e70a
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC8687076
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