-
1
المؤلفون: Yunus Sulistyono, Inyo Yos Fernandez
المصدر: Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews. 7:189-194
مصطلحات موضوعية: Vocabulary, Language change, General Arts and Humanities, media_common.quotation_subject, General Social Sciences, Identity (social science), Austronesian languages, National language, Lingua franca, Linguistics, language.human_language, Indonesian, Geography, language, Papuan languages, computer, computer.programming_language, media_common
الوصف: Purpose: The purpose of this article is to discuss the linguistic situation around East Flores and Alor-Pantar islands in terms of language change and contact within the area, including Austronesian languages and Papuan languages. Methodology: The linguistic features discussed in this research were based on data collected directly by paying a visit to the village of Baranusa in West Pantar; Tanjung Bunga, in East Flores; and Lewoleba in Lembata. The instruments include 200 Swadesh word list and 646 words referring to cultural vocabulary. Results: Results shows that it is based on research that has been conducted since 2014 which covers identification on the genetic identity and historical relations of Alorese, Kedang, and Lamaholot. These three languages are spoken in many different locations in East Flores-Pantar-Alor. We compare their phonological and lexical evidence to reveal their historical relations which leads to the historical changes from the protoforms as reflected in the present languages. We also consider the fact that there are also some contacts with Papuan speakers and the role of Indonesian as the national language and as the new lingua franca. Implications: Thus, East Indonesia has been known for its unique linguistic situation. Its geographical condition enables every language and its varieties to develop their own DNA. Linguists from all over the world see this area as a major contact area that is defined by a single wave diffusion heading in various directions. It shaped the linguistic area in East Indonesia as it is now. This situation reflects some patterns that can be seen from certain changes in terms of phonological and lexical aspects through some languages that exist in the present. This situation covers languages spoken in certain areas, such as languages spoken in the area of Lesser Sunda islands.
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::18679e322d5ba3cae4e5c1b5a872ab6d
https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7329 -
2
المؤلفون: Muhammar Khamdevi
المصدر: Prosiding Seminar dan Lokakarya Kualitatif Indonesia: Pengembangan Budaya Penelitian Menuju Indonesia 4.0.
مصطلحات موضوعية: Civilization, Java, media_common.quotation_subject, Closeness, Vernacular, Austronesian languages, Space (commercial competition), Geography, Vernacular architecture, Ethnology, Architecture, computer, media_common, computer.programming_language
الوصف: Linguistically and genetically, the Austronesians spread throughout the land and islands of Southeast Asia to Madagascar, New Zealand, Eastern Island, and Hawaii. They have closeness in language and even culture. Western Malayo-Polynesian is one of the sub-groups of Austronesian language families located in Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, and Sulawesi. Vernacular and traditional houses are the result of a local civilization and culture in this region. Indeed, architecture is a language that is implemented in form design. Because of the closeness of language in one family group, the proximity of architectural characteristics tends to be similar. What are the architectural characteristics of the homes of Western Malayo-Polynesian speakers? This study uses a qualitative approach, which aims to read the architectural characteristics of vernacular and traditional houses in the region. The data are collected mostly from secondary data and the rest are primary data in the field, which are then analyzed by discussing aspects of space and its form aspects. The results of this study indicate the similarity of principles in space aspects which tend to be consistent and the similarity of principles in aspects of the form that tend to be similar but with variations.
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::fbc0202e23b91099b4dd419d0c7f6445
https://doi.org/10.33510/slki.2019.55-64 -
3
المؤلفون: Davi Borges de Albuquerque
المصدر: Cadernos de Linguagem e Sociedade; v. 14, n. 1 (2013); 175-194
Papers on Language and Society; v. 14, n. 1 (2013); 175-194
Cadernos de Linguagem e Sociedade; v. 14 n. 1 (2013); 175-194مصطلحات موضوعية: Linguistic system, Linguistics and Language, elementos ecológicos, elementos não ecológicos, Língua Tetun, Timor-Leste, Sociology and Political Science, Grammar, media_common.quotation_subject, Austronesian languages, Lingua franca, Language and Linguistics, Genealogy, language.human_language, Geography, ecological elements, unecological elements, Tetun language, East Timor, language, Ethnology, Portuguese, computer, computer.programming_language, media_common
الوصف: Tetun and Portuguese are the official languages of East Timor. Tetun is an Austronesian language and it is lingua franca in eastern half of Timor Island before the Portuguese colonization, which started in 16th century. This paper intends to present a contribution to ecolinguistic research by mapping ecological and unecological elements on Tetun grammar. Thus, some theoretical issues on ecolinguistic, ecological view of linguistic system and the importance of the identification of ecological and unecological elements will be elaborated. In addition, the ecolinguistic approach will be applied to Tetun linguistic system analysis. This ecolinguistic approach adopted in this paper is also explained. The final remarks on ecolingustic research in East Timor and its contributions will be pointed out as conclusion for this work.
A língua Tetun2 é a língua oficial de Timor-Leste, juntamente com a língua portuguesa. O Tetun, de origem austronésia, é a língua franca de grande parte do território leste-timorense provavelmente desde a época anterior à chegada do colonizador português, no século XVI. O presente artigo possui o objetivo de contribuir para a pesquisa em ecolinguística ao realizar uma tentativa de mapear alguns elementos ecológicos e não ecológicos na gramática da língua Tetun. Assim, na seção (1), serão feitas algumas considerações teóricas sobre a ecolinguística, juntamente com a visão ecológica do sistema linguístico e a importância da identificação dos elementos ecológicos e não ecológicos nas línguas. Na seção (2), será feita a análise do sistema linguístico tetunófono de acordo com a teoria ecolinguística adotada e desenvolvida na seção anterior. Finalmente, em (3), serão apresentadas as considerações finais.وصف الملف: application/pdf
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::84b9efe5ff0daa16abfea7ddcecdac97
https://doi.org/10.26512/les.v14i1.22227 -
4
المؤلفون: David Hall, Thomas L. Griffiths, Dan Klein, Alexandre Bouchard-Côté
المصدر: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110:4224-4229
مصطلحات موضوعية: Sound change, Multidisciplinary, Computer science, business.industry, Comparative method, media_common.quotation_subject, Probabilistic logic, Inference, Austronesian languages, Models, Theoretical, computer.software_genre, Set (abstract data type), Commentaries, Physical Sciences, Humans, Artificial intelligence, business, Function (engineering), computer, History, Ancient, Natural language, Natural language processing, Language, media_common
الوصف: One of the oldest problems in linguistics is reconstructing the words that appeared in the protolanguages from which modern languages evolved. Identifying the forms of these ancient languages makes it possible to evaluate proposals about the nature of language change and to draw inferences about human history. Protolanguages are typically reconstructed using a painstaking manual process known as the comparative method. We present a family of probabilistic models of sound change as well as algorithms for performing inference in these models. The resulting system automatically and accurately reconstructs protolanguages from modern languages. We apply this system to 637 Austronesian languages, providing an accurate, large-scale automatic reconstruction of a set of protolanguages. Over 85% of the system’s reconstructions are within one character of the manual reconstruction provided by a linguist specializing in Austronesian languages. Being able to automatically reconstruct large numbers of languages provides a useful way to quantitatively explore hypotheses about the factors determining which sounds in a language are likely to change over time. We demonstrate this by showing that the reconstructed Austronesian protolanguages provide compelling support for a hypothesis about the relationship between the function of a sound and its probability of changing that was first proposed in 1955.
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::19048781dd1e7968e54127e67ea14723
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1204678110 -
5
المؤلفون: Mark Donohue
المصدر: Australian Journal of Linguistics. 28:139-170
مصطلحات موضوعية: Phonotactics, Linguistics and Language, Computer science, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Affix, New guinea, Austronesian languages, computer.software_genre, Language and Linguistics, Linguistics, Agreement, Constraint (information theory), Prefix, Morpheme, Artificial intelligence, business, computer, Natural language processing, media_common
الوصف: Skou, a language of North-Central New Guinea, shows agreement on verbs by what appear to be monoconsonantal prefixes. A detailed analysis shows that the morphemes must be considered to be aligned to the right edge of the word, but are realized further left due to strict phonotactic constraints. Furthermore, the phonotactic constraint that dictates against the right-aligned morphemes appearing as suffixes, NoCoda, is the same one that is famously responsible for the infixation of left-aligned morphemes in Austronesian languages, showing that not only is right-edge aligned infixation perhaps not quite as rare as has been thought, but that it is governed by the same phonotactic constraints that determine left-aligned infixation. A historical motivation for this unusual alignment change is discussed, with a cautionary note on the use of under-analysed data in typological work.
-
6
المؤلفون: Manuel F. Borja, Sandra Chung, Matthew Wagers
المصدر: Language, vol 91, iss 1
مصطلحات موضوعية: Linguistics and Language, WH-agreement, Dependency (UML), Parsing, media_common.quotation_subject, Linguistics, Austronesian languages, computer.software_genre, WH-dependencies, Language and Linguistics, Agreement, possessors, active filler strategy, Languages & Linguistics, Inflection, Chamorro, Cognitive Sciences, Grammatical relation, Argument (linguistics), comprehension, computer, media_common, Word order, Mathematics
الوصف: In the verb-initial language Chamorro, an Austronesian language of the Mariana Islands, wh -dependencies exhibit a special verbal inflection known as wh-agreement : verbs along the path of the wh -dependency are inflected for the grammatical relation of the gap and the intermediate landing sites of the filler. Two on-line comprehension experiments conducted in the Northern Mariana Islands reveal that the morphological paradigm of wh -agreement affects the timing of dependency formation and interpretation in this language. Overt wh -agreement facilitates the formation of a wh -dependency. When overt wh -agreement could occur but does not, however, its absence delays and attenuates wh -dependency formation. In short, morphological information exerts a powerful influence on the unfolding parse, one that has temporal priority over syntactic information, such as word order, and semantic information, such as argument structure.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::300d5968e484bf52f5fd75a11dd5feef
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4x24m0ph -
7
المؤلفون: Michael Dunn
المصدر: Current Issues in Language Planning. 6:239-250
مصطلحات موضوعية: Malayo-Polynesian languages, Linguistics and Language, History, media_common.quotation_subject, Vernacular, Austronesian languages, Lingua franca, Language and Linguistics, Linguistics, Literacy, Education, Language transfer, Written language, Multilingualism, computer, media_common, computer.programming_language
الوصف: The Touo language is a non-Austronesian language spoken on Rendova Island (Western Province, Solomon Islands). First language speakers of Touo are typically multilingual, and are likely to speak other (Austronesian) vernaculars, as well as Solomon Island Pijin and English. There is no institutional support of literacy in Touo: schools function in English, and church-based support for vernacular literacy focuses on the major Austronesian languages of the local area. Touo vernacular literacy exists in a restricted niche of the linguistic ecology, where it is utilised for symbolic rather than communicative goals. Competing vernacular orthographic traditions complicate the situation further.
-
8
المؤلفون: Muhammad Taufik Abdullah, Nasir Sulaiman, Masrah Azrifah Azmi Murad, Mohd Yunus Sharum, Zaitul Azma Zainon Hamzah
المصدر: 2010 International Symposium on Information Technology.
مصطلحات موضوعية: business.industry, Formalism (philosophy), Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, Austronesian languages, Ambiguity, Conflation, computer.software_genre, language.human_language, Empirical research, language, Artificial intelligence, Computational linguistics, business, computer, Natural language processing, Malay, media_common, Tagalog
الوصف: Malay is categorized as an Austronesian language, a group which also contains Bahasa Indonesia and Tagalog. Quite number of morphological analyzers has been developed for Malay, including based on two-level formalism, stemming/conflation model, or even specific model. The obvious weaknesses are incompleteness and incapability of handling ambiguity which affect the accuracy of analysis. So we introduced a new technique called S-A-P-I to handle them in our analyzer — MALIM. In this paper we describe about MALIM and the empirical study to its usage. Our results proved that by using our technique increase the accuracy of morphological analysis up to 98.99% which covers 99.99% of sample data. Thus we believe this approach is the most suitable in handling morphological analysis for Malay.
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::9c1c887cbb2672f08b4aac547bef8643
https://doi.org/10.1109/itsim.2010.5561561 -
9
المؤلفون: Alastair Butler, Mark Donohue
المصدر: Logic, Language, and Computation ISBN: 9783540751434
TbiLLCمصطلحات موضوعية: Predicate logic, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Austronesian languages, computer.software_genre, Agreement, Artificial intelligence, Argument (linguistics), business, Lambda calculus, computer, Scope (computer science), Natural language processing, media_common, computer.programming_language, Mathematics
الوصف: This paper uses standard syntactic scoping properties (as found with lambda calculus and predicate logic) to account for linking dependencies in Tukang Besi, an Austronesian language of Indonesia. Basic argument dependencies are established with a combination of verbal agreement, case marking and constituent order. If taken alone, no one of these is sufficient to determine the grammatical relations in the clause. Rather these different factors operate in combination to yield unambiguous clauses. What is shown is that scope taking options determine which combinations are possible and which are impossible.
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::965bb4093f728148dfdebf75d051a511
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75144-1_6 -
10
المؤلفون: H. Myron Bromley
المصدر: The Phonology of Lower Grand Valley Dani ISBN: 9789401756488
مصطلحات موضوعية: Consonant, History, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Contrast (statistics), Austronesian languages, Representation (arts), computer.software_genre, Linguistics, Mutual intelligibility, Reading (process), Artificial intelligence, Set (psychology), business, computer, Natural language processing, Orthography, media_common
الوصف: The dialect of the lower Grand Valley of the Ballem exhibits what is for Dani a unique consonant pattern, with only one set of stops and two voiceless continuants as major correspondences of three sets of stops in proto-Dani and some other extant dialects, and two sets of stops in all other studied dialects. Loss of contrast in some cases, development of contrast in others and a general reshuffling of allophones have produced this marked skewness or non-congruence of phonemic pattern, to facilitate cross-dialect comparison by outside investigators and cross-dialect reading of the local speakers, an orthography based on comparative and diachronic data as well as synchronic descriptive data has been proposed. This symbolizes all phonemic contrasts in the skewed dialect and also selects for separate symbolization some allophones which are in contrast in other dialects, in the local orthography for one dialect only those allophones are separately written which can still be recognized on phonetic and phonemic criteria by the person familiar with only that dialect. Future study of mutual intelligibility of dialects and indications of high reader motivation may warrant extension of this principle by the use of a cross-dialect orthography which would symbolize all the major contrasts in any of the types of extant dialects. Both for description and for graphic representation, comparative and diachronic data have proved relevant to the study of a phonemic system which is askew with the systems of related dialects.
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::79e9a4abc1152b35349d481804935397
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-5916-8_5
إعادة تعيين المنقحات
عرض المنقحات (%%عد%%)
PDF full text from Publisher