المؤلفون: Evan Easton-Calabria, Andreas Hackl

المصدر: Journal of Humanitarian Affairs, Vol 4, Iss 3, Pp 1-12 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: digital work, refugee, refugee self-reliance, digital economy, gig economy, humanitarianism, development, future of work, City population. Including children in cities, immigration, HT201-221

الوصف: The current scale and duration of displacement prompts renewed urgency about livelihoods prospects for displaced people and the role of humanitarian organisations in fostering them. This special issue focuses on how aid organisations, together with the private sector and other actors, have worked to include refugees in new forms of online work within the web-based digital economy. Building on comparative analysis and a comprehensive review of the field of digital livelihoods among the forcibly displaced, in this introductory article we argue that including refugees in this digital economy is currently neither a sustainable form of humanitarian relief nor is it a development solution that provides large-scale decent work. We show how digital livelihoods approaches have gained a special footing in the middle ground between short-term economic relief and long-term development. Indeed, digital economies seemingly offer a variety of ‘quick-fix’ solutions at the transition from humanitarian emergency towards long-term development efforts. While digital economies harbour significant potential, this cannot be fully realised unless current efforts to include refugees in digital economies are complemented by efforts to address digital divides, uphold refugees’ rights, and ensure more decent working conditions.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://www.manchesteropenhive.com/view/journals/jha/4/3/article-p1.xml; https://doaj.org/toc/2515-6411

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/9d50e71ba30f42b9b3bf68d78257702b

المؤلفون: Alexandra Cosima Budabin, Lisa Ann Richey

المصدر: Journal of Humanitarian Affairs, Vol 4, Iss 2, Pp 40-48 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: celebrity, humanitarianism, development, disruption, partnerships, accountability, narratives, aid, City population. Including children in cities, immigration, HT201-221

الوصف: This forum brings together a diverse group of scholars from political geography, international relations, critical organisation studies, global development, international studies and political sociology to explore the debates and dynamics of celebrity engagement with development and humanitarianism. The contributions here come from a series of roundtables organised in 2021, including one at the 6th World Conference on Humanitarian Studies of the International Humanitarian Studies Association in Paris that discussed the findings and insights of the book Batman Saves the Congo: How Celebrities Disrupt the Politics of Development (University of Minnesota Press, 2021). With contributions from: Miriam Bradley, Institut Barcelona d’Estudis Internacionals (IBEI); Róisín Read, University of Manchester; Polly Pallister-Wilkins, University of Amsterdam; Samentha Goethals, SKEMA Business School; Joel R. Pruce, University of Dayton

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://www.manchesteropenhive.com/view/journals/jha/4/2/article-p40.xml; https://doaj.org/toc/2515-6411

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/8ddcf682975e4fba90f7f3e6656cd8e1

المؤلفون: Evan Easton-Calabria

المصدر: Journal of Humanitarian Affairs, Vol 4, Iss 3, Pp 52-54 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: digital work, refugee, digital responsibility, ethics, digital economy, gig economy, humanitarianism, development, City population. Including children in cities, immigration, HT201-221

الوصف: This op-ed outlines key issues humanitarians should consider when assessing their ‘digital responsibility’ to foster digital refugee livelihoods. This includes in particular the need to develop robust monitoring and evaluation frameworks of outcomes of digital livelihoods trainings for refugees – and spaces for critical engagement with the results of such evaluations, including stopping digital livelihoods programming when risks outweigh benefits. It argues that ethical humanitarian engagement in technology must include the development of coherent, contextualised sets of norms and frameworks for responsibility and protection in the digital sphere, including those that address humanitarian efforts to assist refugees to enter the digital economy.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://www.manchesteropenhive.com/view/journals/jha/4/3/article-p52.xml; https://doaj.org/toc/2515-6411

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/387d04c739434b2aa41dbab47a8c99c0

المؤلفون: Sascha Krannich, Uwe Hunger

المصدر: Comparative Migration Studies, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-22 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: International student migration, Scholarship programs, Germany, Global south, Transnationalism, Development, Social Sciences, Communities. Classes. Races, HT51-1595, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology, HT101-395, City population. Including children in cities, immigration, HT201-221

الوصف: Abstract International students are conceived as essential contributors to the development of their countries of origin after they finished their studies abroad. Political decision-makers of the countries of origin therefore take measures that students will eventually return to their home countries and bring back their gained knowledge and consequently contribute to development back home. However, is a return always the best way to contribute to development in the country of origin or can international graduates contribute equally from abroad or through their high mobility between different countries? This article aims to address this question on the basis of an intensive three years mixed-methods-based investigation in six countries – Germany as country of study and Colombia, Georgia, Ghana, Indonesia and Israel/Palestinian territories as countries of origin. We investigated a specific German scholarship program, which gives scholarships to international students from the Global South to study in Germany. Although a return to the country of origin is a precondition for the scholarship, our study indicates that not only return migration, but also remains and circular migration can create beneficial circumstances that former students practice diverse development-related functions and therefore contribute to the development in their country of origin in a specific way. Here, it is important to recognize that scholarship programs do not only offer the opportunity to fund studying abroad, but they can be also designed for the needs of scholars during, before and after their studies, which would also benefit their developmental contributions.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/2214-594X

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/d69b09f1ba244b0da0e7c315f0c3e939

المؤلفون: Richard Black, Alice Bellagamba, Ester Botta, Ebrima Ceesay, Dramane Cissokho, Michelle Engeler, Audrey Lenoël, Christina Oelgemöller, Bruno Riccio, Papa Sakho, Abdoulaye Wotem Somparé, Elia Vitturini, Guido Nicolas Zingari

المصدر: Comparative Migration Studies, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-18 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Migration, Development, Choice, Uncertainty, West Africa, Social Sciences, Communities. Classes. Races, HT51-1595, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology, HT101-395, City population. Including children in cities, immigration, HT201-221

الوصف: Abstract The notion of migration as being at least partly about ‘choice’ is deeply rooted in both academic thought and public policy. Recent contributions have considered migration choice as step-wise in nature, involving a separation between ‘aspiration’ and ‘ability’ to migrate, whilst stressing a range of non-economic factors that influence migration choices. But such nuances have not prevented the emergence of a significant area of public policy that seeks to influence choices to migrate from Africa through ‘irregular’ channels, or at all, through a range of development interventions. This paper explores evidence from West Africa on how young people formulate the boundaries of such choice. Drawing on approaches in anthropology and elsewhere that stress the value of a ‘future-orientated’ lens, we show how present uncertainty is a central framing that fundamentally limits the value of thinking about migration as a choice. This has important implications for policy on ‘migration and development’.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/2214-594X

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/a102513874a2442ca574cbc8c95f440d

المؤلفون: Megan Daigle, Sarah Martin, Henri Myrttinen

المصدر: Journal of Humanitarian Affairs, Vol 2, Iss 3, Pp 4-13 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: humanitarian, peacebuilding, development, gender, race, security, City population. Including children in cities, immigration, HT201-221

الوصف: Humanitarian, development and peacebuilding work has become increasingly dangerous in recent decades. The securitisation of aid has been critiqued, alongside the racialised and gendered dynamics of security provision for aid actors. What has received less attention is how a range of intersectional marginalisations – gender, racialisation, sexuality, nationality and disability – play out in constructions of security, danger and fear in aid deployments. Focusing on sexual harassment, abuse and violence as threats to safety and security, the article examines how in training and guidance for deployment to ‘the field’ (itself a problematically securitised notion), danger is projected onto sexualised and racialised ‘locals’, often overlooking the potentially far greater threat from colleagues. Here, we employ a review of security guidance, social media groups, interviews with aid staffers and reflections on our own experiences to explore how colonialist notions of security and ‘stranger danger’ play out in training. We argue that humanitarianism is still dominated by the romanticised figure of the white, male humanitarian worker – even if this problematic imaginary no longer reflects reality – and a space where those questioning exclusionary constructs of danger are quickly silenced and even ridiculed, even in the age of #MeToo and #BlackLivesMatter.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/2515-6411

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/74862851604e4917b461198a803be1a1

المؤلفون: Annika Bergman Rosamond, Catia Gregoratti

المصدر: Journal of Humanitarian Affairs, Vol 2, Iss 3, Pp 14-24 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: corporations, celebrities, entrepreneurship, refugee women, neoliberal humanitarianism, development, City population. Including children in cities, immigration, HT201-221

الوصف: In this article we seek to extend recent debates on how the promotion of self-reliance through vocational training and entrepreneurship has become the new neoliberal mantra among refugee-supporting agencies, policymakers and humanitarian actors. More specifically, we do so in the context of corporate and celebrity-endorsed humanitarian partnerships and initiatives that single out refugee women and girls. Informed by postcolonial feminist scholarship and guided by Carol Bacchi’s ‘what is the problem represented to be’ (WPR) approach we compare IKEA’s partnership with the Jordan River Foundation (JRF) in Jordan and Angelina Jolie’s support for the RefuSHE project in Kenya. While differences between the two problem representations exist, both initiatives seek to empower refugee women by activating latent entrepreneurial abilities. These, we conclude, reinforce a saviour/saved humanitarian logic while also obscuring the gender division of responsibilities and precarious nature of artisanal labour.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/2515-6411

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/17eb5ae302704be7bbccda9efe42390a

المؤلفون: Hein de Haas

المصدر: Comparative Migration Studies, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-35 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Migration, Migration theory, Social theory, Development, Social transformation, Social Sciences, Communities. Classes. Races, HT51-1595, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology, HT101-395, City population. Including children in cities, immigration, HT201-221

الوصف: Abstract This paper elaborates an aspirations–capabilities framework to advance our understanding of human mobility as an intrinsic part of broader processes of social change. In order to achieve a more meaningful understanding of agency and structure in migration processes, this framework conceptualises migration as a function of aspirations and capabilities to migrate within given sets of perceived geographical opportunity structures. It distinguishes between the instrumental (means-to-an-end) and intrinsic (directly wellbeing-affecting) dimensions of human mobility. This yields a vision in which moving and staying are seen as complementary manifestations of migratory agency and in which human mobility is defined as people’s capability to choose where to live, including the option to stay, rather than as the act of moving or migrating itself. Drawing on Berlin’s concepts of positive and negative liberty (as manifestations of the widely varying structural conditions under which migration occurs) this paper conceptualises how macro-structural change shapes people’s migratory aspirations and capabilities. The resulting framework helps to understand the complex and often counter-intuitive ways in which processes of social transformation and ‘development’ shape patterns of migration and enable us to integrate the analysis of almost all forms of migratory mobility within one meta-conceptual framework.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/2214-594X

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/f21133d43e49486a8e0bac822ca0f9a6

المؤلفون: Brad Evans

المصدر: Journal of Humanitarian Affairs, Vol 2, Iss 1, Pp 62-68 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: violence, power, development, difference, myth, the sacred, City population. Including children in cities, immigration, HT201-221

الوصف: This essay critically addresses ten prevailing assumptions about violence: (1) violence is natural; (2) violence comes easily to humans; (3) violence attacks a juridical life; (4) violence is the result of underdevelopment; (5) violence is the result of difference; (6) violence is a sign of absolute power; (7) violence is associated with some death drive; (8) violence can be intelligent through a mastery of technology; (9) the opposite of violence is a just peace; and (10) violence is an assault on the sacred meaning of life. In doing so, it opens up a conversation on the meaning of political violence and makes an impassioned call to free ourselves from sacred myths that bind us to a problem that still appears insurmountable.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/2515-6411

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/c487916665024ca6943de488691b003f

المؤلفون: Iryna Lapshyna

المصدر: Central and Eastern European Migration Review, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 51-73 (2019)

مصطلحات موضوعية: ukrainian diaspora, euromaidan, the uk, poland, development, Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration, JV1-9480, City population. Including children in cities, immigration, HT201-221

الوصف: Ukrainian diaspora, Euromaidan, the UK, Poland, development,

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: http://www.ceemr.uw.edu.pl/sites/default/files/Lapshyna_Do_Diasporas_Matter.pdf; https://doaj.org/toc/2300-1682

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/65110dfb25fa47dba7949c82d3439943