نتائج البحث - "Gene Transfer, Horizontal."

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دورية أكاديمية

Antimicrobial resistance: its emergence and transmission.

المؤلفون: Boerlin P; Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada. pboerlin@uoguelph.ca, Reid-Smith RJ

المصدر: Animal health research reviews [Anim Health Res Rev] 2008 Dec; Vol. 9 (2), pp. 115-26.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Review

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: CABI Pub Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101083072 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 1466-2523 (Print) Linking ISSN: 14662523 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Anim Health Res Rev Subsets: MEDLINE

مستخلص: New concepts have emerged in the past few years that help us to better understand the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). These include, among others, the discovery of the mutator state and the concept of mutant selection window for resistances emerging primarily through mutations in existing genes. Our understanding of horizontal gene transfer has also evolved significantly in the past few years, and important new mechanisms of AMR transfer have been discovered, including, among others, integrative conjugative elements and ISCR (insertion sequences with common regions) elements. Simultaneously, large-scale studies have helped us to start comprehending the immense and yet untapped reservoir of both AMR genes and mobile genetic elements present in the environment. Finally, new PCR- and DNA sequencing-based techniques are being developed that will allow us to better understand the epidemiology of classical vectors of AMR genes, such as plasmids, and to monitor them in a more global and systematic way.

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Alternative quinolone-resistance pathway caused by simultaneous horizontal gene transfer in Haemophilus influenzae

المؤلفون: Emi Tanaka, Takeaki Wajima, Hidemasa Nakaminami, Kei-ichi Uchiya

المصدر: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 77:3270-3274

مصطلحات موضوعية: DNA Topoisomerase IV, Pharmacology, Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, Gene Transfer, Horizontal, DNA Gyrase, Mutation, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Pharmacology (medical), Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Quinolones, Haemophilus influenzae, Fluoroquinolones

الوصف: Background Quinolone-resistant bacteria are known to emerge via the accumulation of mutations in a stepwise manner. Recent studies reported the emergence of quinolone low-susceptible Haemophilus influenzae ST422 isolates harbouring two relevant mutations, although ST422 isolates harbouring one mutation were never identified. Objectives To investigate if GyrA and ParC from quinolone low-susceptible isolates can be transferred horizontally and simultaneously to susceptible isolates. Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from an H. influenzae isolate harbouring amino acid substitutions in both gyrA and parC and mixed with clinical isolates. The emergence of resistant isolates was compared, and WGS analysis was performed. Results By adding the genomic DNA harbouring both mutated gyrA and parC, resistant bacteria exhibiting recombination at gyrA only or both gyrA and parC loci were obtained on nalidixic acid and pipemidic acid plates, and the frequency was found to increase with the amount of DNA. Recombination events in gyrA only and in both gyrA and parC occurred with at least 1 and 1–100 ng of DNA, respectively. The genome sequence of a representative strain showed recombination events throughout the genome. The MIC of quinolone for the resulting strains was found to be similar to that of the donor. Although the recombination efficacy was different among the various strains, all strains used in this study obtained multiple genes simultaneously. Conclusions These findings indicate that H. influenzae can simultaneously obtain more than two mutated genes. This mechanism of horizontal transfer could be an alternative pathway for attaining quinolone resistance.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::05fe2a7f7c79a8fb958c98a09187c800
https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkac312

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The emergence of the ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae FC428 clone by transfer of resistance from an oral Neisseria subflava reservoir of resistance

المؤلفون: Akira Ohno, Hiroshi Takahashi, Akiko Kanayama Katsuse, Intetsu Kobayashi, Izumo Kanesaka

المصدر: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 77:364-373

الوصف: Background The ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae FC428 clone was first discovered in Japan in 2015. Objectives We investigated the possibility of horizontal gene transfer from Neisseria subflava harbouring the mosaic-like PBP-2 in the emergence of the FC428 clone. We also analysed whether there were fitness costs associated with the sustained international dissemination of the clone. Methods Sequencing of the penA gene in ceftriaxone-resistant N. subflava strains was performed. For transformation experiments between donor N. subflava and ciprofloxacin-resistant wild-type penA N. gonorrhoeae recipient, the full-length PCR amplification product of the penA gene, including DUS regions, was used as the donor DNA. Biological fitness of the transformants was measured by growth competition assays. The impact of QRDR and mtrR mutations, which have been reported as compensatory mutations, on fitness was also assessed. Results The penA mosaic allele of the FC428 clone showed 100%, 91.8%, and 89.8% homology, respectively, with penA genes of three ceftriaxone-resistant N. subflava strains, No. 30, No. 9 and No. 14. Results were consistent with homologous recombination with the donated penA mosaic allele. In co-cultures with the parent strain, transformants showed comparable growth indicating that a gyrA mutation compensates for the fitness cost of mosaic penA alleles. Conclusions Our findings support the hypothesis that the FC428 clone was generated by transformation of the mosaic penA allele from oropharyngeal N. subflava to N. gonorrhoeae. Furthermore, it suggests that mutations in the gyrA QRDR region compensate for fitness costs and contribute to the continued transmission of the FC428 clone.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::a69a5d9048a35dda9f464d3de4cb7314
https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkab390

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Pervasive transmission of a carbapenem resistance plasmid in the gut microbiota of hospitalized patients

المؤلفون: Ben S. Cooper, Alvaro San Millan, Thomas Crellen, Nieves López-Fresneña, Marta Hernández-García, Javier DelaFuente, Ricardo León-Sampedro, Patricia Ruiz-Garbajosa, Cristina Díaz-Agero, Jerónimo Rodríguez-Beltrán, Patrick Musicha, Carmen de la Vega, Rafael Cantón

المصدر: Nature microbiology
Nature Microbiology

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Gene Transfer, Horizontal, Sequence analysis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Immunology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Drug resistance, Gut flora, medicine.disease_cause, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, Article, beta-Lactamases, Hospitals, University, 03 medical and health sciences, Plasmid, Bacterial Proteins, Enterobacteriaceae, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Epidemiology, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Escherichia coli, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Bacteria, biology, 030306 microbiology, Transmission (medicine), Enterobacteriaceae Infections, Cell Biology, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Hospitalization, Carbapenems, Female, Plasmids

الوصف: Introductory paragraph Infections caused by carbapenemase-producing enterobacteria (CPE) are a major concern in clinical settings worldwide. Two fundamentally different processes shape the epidemiology of CPE in hospitals: the dissemination of CPE clones from patient to patient (between-patient transfer), and the transfer of carbapenemase-encoding plasmids between enterobacteria in the gut microbiota of individual patients (within-patient transfer). The relative contribution of each process to the overall dissemination of carbapenem resistance in hospitals remains poorly understood. Here, we used mechanistic models combining epidemiological data from more than 9,000 patients with whole genome sequence information from 250 enterobacteria clones to characterise the dissemination routes of a pOXA-48-like carbapenemase-encoding plasmid in a hospital setting over a two-year period. Our results revealed frequent between-patient transmission of high-risk pOXA-48-carrying clones, mostly of Klebsiella pneumoniae and sporadically Escherichia coli. The results also identified pOXA-48 dissemination hotspots within the hospital, such as specific wards and individual rooms within wards. Using high-resolution plasmid sequence analysis, we uncovered the pervasive within-patient transfer of pOXA-48, suggesting that horizontal plasmid transfer occurs in the gut of virtually every colonised patient. The complex and multifaceted epidemiological scenario exposed by this study provides insights for the development of intervention strategies to control the in-hospital spread of CPE.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::e3e818b74d6c68007dfc731e2e39b2f9
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-021-00879-y

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Carbapenem Resistance in Acinetobacter nosocomialis and Acinetobacter junii Conferred by Acquisition of

المؤلفون: Cristina, Lasarte-Monterrubio, Paula, Guijarro-Sánchez, Alba, Bellés, Juan Carlos, Vázquez-Ucha, Jorge, Arca-Suárez, Carlos, Fernández-Lozano, German, Bou, Alejandro, Beceiro

المصدر: Microbiology spectrum. 10(1)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Acinetobacter, Bacterial Proteins, Carbapenems, Gene Transfer, Horizontal, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Humans, Genomics, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Genome, Bacterial, beta-Lactamases, Acinetobacter Infections, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Plasmids

الوصف: Carbapenem resistance is increasing among Gram-negative bacteria, including the genus Acinetobacter. This study aimed to characterize, for the first time, the development of carbapenem resistance in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter junii and Acinetobacter nosocomialis conferred by the acquisition of a plasmid-borne

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=pmid________::6baf02b17e07d99d2b6811400cdb4df2
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35138195

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Source Tracking and Global Distribution of the Tigecycline Non-Susceptible tet(X)

المؤلفون: Rong-min Zhang, Jian Sun, Ruan-yang Sun, Min-ge Wang, Chao-yue Cui, Liang-xing Fang, Mei-na Liao, Xiao-qing Lu, Yong-xin Liu, Xiao-Ping Liao, Ya-Hong Liu

المصدر: Microbiology Spectrum, Vol 9, Iss 3 (2021)

الوصف: The emergence of tet(X) genes has compromised the clinical use of the last-line antibiotic tigecycline. We identified 322 (1.21%) tet(X) positive samples from 12,829 human microbiome samples distributed in four continents (Asia, Europe, North America, and South America) using retrospective data from worldwide. These tet(X) genes were dominated by tet(X2)-like orthologs but we also identified 12 samples carrying novel tet(X) genes, designed tet(X45), tet(X46), and tet(X47), were resistant to tigecycline. The metagenomic analysis indicated these tet(X) genes distributed in anaerobes dominated by Bacteroidaceae (78.89%) of human-gut origin. Two mobile elements ISBf11 and IS4351 were most likely to promote the transmission of these tet(X2)-like orthologs between Bacteroidaceae and Riemerella anatipestifer. tet(X2)-like orthologs was also developed during transmission by mutation to high-level tigecycline resistant genes tet(X45), tet(X46), and tet(X47). Further tracing these tet(X) in single bacterial isolate from public repository indicated tet(X) genes were present as early as 1960s in R. anatipestifer that was the primary tet(X) carrier at early stage (before 2000). The tet(X2) and non-tet(X2) orthologs were primarily distributed in humans and food animals respectively, and non-tet(X2) were dominated by tet(X3) and tet(X4). Genomic comparison indicated these tet(X) genes were likely to be generated during tet(X) transmission between Flavobacteriaceae and E. coli/Acinetobacter spp., and ISCR2 played a key role in the transmission. These results suggest R. anatipestifer was the potential ancestral source of tet(X). In addition, Bacteroidaceae of human-gut origin was an important hidden reservoir and mutational incubator for the mobile tet(X) genes that enabled spread to facultative anaerobes and aerobes. IMPORTANCE The emergence of the tigecycline resistance gene tet(X) has posed a severe threat to public health. However, reports of its origin and distribution in human remain rare. Here, we explore the origin and distribution of tet(X) from large-scale metagenomic data of human-gut origin and public repository. This study revealed the emergency of tet(X) gene in 1960s, which has refreshed a previous standpoint that the earliest presence of tet(X) was in 1980s. The metagenomic analysis from data mining covered the unculturable bacteria, which has overcome the traditional bacteria isolating and purificating technologies, and the analysis indicated that the Bacteroidaceae of human-gut origin was an important hidden reservoir for tet(X) that enabled spread to facultative anaerobes and aerobes. The continuous monitoring of mobile tigecycline resistance determinants from both culturable and unculturable microorganisms is imperative for understanding and tackling the dissemination of tet(X) genes in both the health care and agricultural sectors.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::7f2dd2f683a1966fe71b81bd1c986cdd
https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/Spectrum.01164-21

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Large plasmids encoding antibiotic resistance and localized-like adherence in atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains

المؤلفون: Mariane Vedovatti Monfardini, Scarlat S. Silva, Isabel C. A. Scaletsky

المصدر: BMC Microbiology, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2020)
BMC Microbiology

مصطلحات موضوعية: Microbiology (medical), Transposable element, Gene Transfer, Horizontal, Sequence analysis, Tetracycline, Mutant, lcsh:QR1-502, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Biology, Antimicrobial resistance, Microbiology, Bacterial Adhesion, lcsh:Microbiology, Localized adherence-like, Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Plasmid, Kanamycin, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Gene, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, Escherichia coli Proteins, HEK 293 cells, Atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Mutagenesis, Insertional, Conjugation, Genetic, Ampicillin, Fimbriae Proteins, Research Article, HeLa Cells, medicine.drug, Plasmids

الوصف: Background In previous studies, we have shown that atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) strains are important diarrheal pathogens among Brazilian children. In the characterization of a collection of 126 aEPEC strains, we identified 29 strains expressing the localized-like adherence (LAL) pattern on HEp-2 cells and harboring large plasmids in the range of 60 to 98 MDa. In this study, we examined 18 of these strains for their ability to transfer the LAL phenotype to a E. coli K-12 C600 strain. Results In conjugation experiments, using eight strains which were resistant to one or more antimicrobials and positive for F-pili genes (traA), we were able to cotransfer antimicrobial resistance markers along with adhesion genes. By transforming E. coli DH5α with plasmid DNA from strains A46 (pIS46), A66 (pIS66) and A102 (pIS102), we were able to demonstrate that genes encoding ampicillin, tetracycline and LAL were encoded on a 98-MDa conjugative plasmid. To identify a gene responsible for LAL, we constructed a transposon mutant library of A102 strain. Among 18 mutants that did not adhere to HeLa cells, four carried insertions within fimbrial genes (fimA and traJ) and agglutinin genes (tia and hek). Using these Tn5 mutants as donors, we were able to obtain kanamycin-resistant E. coli MA3456 transconjugants. Sequence analysis of the plasmid genes revealed a region exhibit to 80 and 73% amino acid similarities to the agglutinins Tia and Hek, respectively. Conclusion In this study, we have identified three large conjugative plasmids, pIS46, pIS66 and pIS102, coding for antimicrobial resistance and localized-like adherence (LAL) to HeLa cells. In addition, we identified a tia/hek homolog encoded on the pIS102 plasmid, which seems to be involved in adhesion of A102 strain.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::2ecd1172b5ad893b4eff7de62376592f
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12866-020-01809-4

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Clonal spread and horizontal transfer mediate dissemination of phenicol-oxazolidinone-tetracycline resistance gene poxtA in enterococci isolates from a swine farm in China

المؤلفون: Hongning Wang, Xuan Chen, Si-Yi Liu, Yanpeng Chen, Chang-Wei Lei, Tian-Yi Li

المصدر: Veterinary microbiology. 262

الوصف: The emergence of the phenicol-oxazolidinone-tetracycline resistance gene poxtA becomes a significant challenge for public health, since it confers a decreased susceptibility not only to the last resort drug linezolid, but also to florfenicol and doxycycline widely used in veterinary medicine. To determine the dissemination mechanism of poxtA in enterococci isolates from different healthy pigs in the swine farm, a total of 178 florfenicol-resistant enterococci isolates were collected from 400 fresh faecal swabs in a swine farm in China. The poxtA gene was detected in 11 (6.18 %) enterococci isolates, including 8 E. faecium, 2 E. hirae and 1 E. casseliflavus isolates. Whole genome sequencing indicated that the eight poxtA-harbouring E. faecium strains belonged to four different sequence types, including ST156 and three new STs, ST1818, ST1819 and ST1820. Five out of the 11 poxtA-positive enterococci isolates also harboured optrA gene. Moreover, E. casseliflavus strain DY31 co-harboured poxtA, optrA and cfr. Seven different poxtA-harbouring plasmids were obtained through Nanopore combined with Illumina sequencing. The poxtA-harbouring plasmids exhibited high genetic variation, six out of which belonged to rep2 plasmid of Inc18 family. The poxtA gene was flanked by IS1216E in the left and/or right ends.The optrA and cfr genes were located on different plasmids, respectively, but those genes could be co-transferred with poxtA gene into the recipient E. faecalis strain by electrotransformation. Our study highlights that both clonal spread and horizontal transfer mediated by Inc18 plasmid and IS1216E promote the dissemination of poxtA in enterococci isolates from different healthy pigs in the swine farm.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::319a409b8265566227f631ae4eededfe
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34500344

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A prophage and two ICESa2603-family integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) carrying optrA in Streptococcus suis

المؤلفون: Su-Mei Zhang, Xin-Sheng Li, Bianzhi Liu, Yan-Hong Shang, Xinxin Shan, Stefan Schwarz, Dexi Li, Xiang-Dang Du, Wenbo Hao

المصدر: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 74:2876-2879

الوصف: Objectives To investigate the presence and transfer of the oxazolidinone/phenicol resistance gene optrA and identify the genetic elements involved in the horizontal transfer of the optrA gene in Streptococcus suis. Methods A total of 237 S. suis isolates were screened for the presence of the optrA gene by PCR. Whole-genome DNA of three optrA-positive strains was completely sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq and Pacbio RSII platforms. MICs were determined by broth microdilution. Transferability of the optrA gene in S. suis was investigated by conjugation. The presence of circular intermediates was examined by inverse PCR. Results The optrA gene was present in 11.8% (28/237) of the S. suis strains. In three strains, the optrA gene was flanked by two copies of IS1216 elements in the same orientation, located either on a prophage or on ICESa2603-family integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), including one tandem ICE. In one isolate, the optrA-carrying ICE transferred with a frequency of 2.1 × 10−8. After the transfer, the transconjugant displayed elevated MICs of the respective antimicrobial agents. Inverse PCRs revealed that circular intermediates of different sizes were formed in the three optrA-carrying strains, containing one copy of the IS1216E element and the optrA gene alone or in combination with other resistance genes. Conclusions A prophage and two ICESa2603-family ICEs (including one tandem ICE) associated with the optrA gene were identified in S. suis. The association of the optrA gene with the IS1216E elements and its location on either a prophage or ICEs will aid its horizontal transfer.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::61a0aeed1f44b8c06d9a34a561dea4db
https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkz309

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Susceptibility (re)-testing of a large collection of Listeria monocytogenes from foods in China from 2012 to 2015 and WGS characterization of resistant isolates

المؤلفون: João Anes, Jin Xu, Fengqin Li, Zixin Peng, Séamus Fanning, Wei Wang, Menghan Li, Yinping Dong, Shaofei Yan, Scott V. Nguyen, Laura Luque-Sastre, Yao Bai, Xin Gan, Yujie Hu

المصدر: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 74:1786-1794

الوصف: Objectives Our aim was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibilities of 2862 Listeria monocytogenes cultured from various foods in China and to use WGS to characterize the antimicrobial resistance and virulence genotypes of those expressing a resistance phenotype. Methods The susceptibilities of 2862 L. monocytogenes were determined by broth microdilution. Twenty-eight L. monocytogenes were found to be resistant to one to four antibiotics. All 28 resistant isolates were subsequently sequenced using short-read high accuracy protocols. The corresponding genomes were assembled and further analysis was carried out using appropriate bioinformatics pipelines. Results All 28 resistant L. monocytogenes were classified into five STs (ST3, ST8, ST9, ST155 and ST515). Both ST9 and ST155 were dominant and their genotypes correlated with their resistance phenotypes. All ST9 isolates were MDR and could be phylogenetically classified into two clusters. One was relatively close to clinical origins and one to food. Downstream analysis of the genetic contexts in which these resistance genotypes were found suggested that these may have been acquired from other bacteria by horizontal transfer or insertion into the chromosome. All isolates harboured Listeria pathogenicity island (LIPI)-1 and LIPI-2, and only two harboured LIPI-3. Conclusions This study reported on the antimicrobial susceptibilities of 2862 foodborne L. monocytogenes along with the genomic characterization of 28 resistant isolates, 11 of which expressed an MDR phenotype. These data showed that this bacterium can acquire resistance by horizontal gene transfer in and between species. This study may necessitate a re-evaluation of risk to public health, associated with this bacterial species.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::2cf6b4468fc5f1469fa9a02ed64f48cc
https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkz126

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