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1دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Emma C. Jardine, Gavin H. Thomas, Colin P. Osborne
المصدر: Ecology and Evolution, Vol 11, Iss 6, Pp 2669-2680 (2021)
مصطلحات موضوعية: drought, grasses, precipitation niche, senescence, strategies, survival, Ecology, QH540-549.5
الوصف: Abstract Species distributions are closely associated with moisture availability, but the underlying mechanisms remain unresolved. Drought relations are especially important for plants such as C4 grasses that dominate seasonally dry ecosystems. Here, we test the hypothesis that C4 grass species sampled across global precipitation gradients show variation in survival under drought that can be explained by their traits. Our experiment subjected 18 C4 grass species to a lethal drought under controlled environmental conditions. The number of days until death was measured, along with root traits, senescence, and aspects of hydraulic function. We identified two strategies: Drought‐avoiding species that stayed green as the water potential declined and drought‐tolerating species that senesced more quickly but could extend survival via drought‐tolerant meristems. Plants that stay‐green for longer occupied drier habitats and had the longest survival under drought, facilitated by narrow root diameter and isohydric stomatal behavior. Plants that senesced quickly had thicker roots, an anisohydric strategy, and occupied wetter habitats. Global distributions of C4 grasses can be predicted by variation in rates of senescence, meristem survival, root traits, and stomatal strategy, showing the value of these traits for understanding plant distributions in relation to climate.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/2045-7758
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المؤلفون: Yichen He, Christopher R. Cooney, Steve Maddock, Gavin H. Thomas
المصدر: PLOS Computational Biology. 19:e1010933
مصطلحات موضوعية: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Ecology, Modeling and Simulation, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
الوصف: A key challenge in mobilising growing numbers of digitised biological specimens for scientific research is finding high-throughput methods to extract phenotypic measurements on these datasets. In this paper, we test a pose estimation approach based on Deep Learning capable of accurately placing point labels to identify key locations on specimen images. We then apply the approach to two distinct challenges that each requires identification of key features in a 2D image: (i) identifying body region-specific plumage colouration on avian specimens and (ii) measuring morphometric shape variation in Littorina snail shells. For the avian dataset, 95% of images are correctly labelled and colour measurements derived from these predicted points are highly correlated with human-based measurements. For the Littorina dataset, more than 95% of landmarks were accurately placed relative to expert-labelled landmarks and predicted landmarks reliably captured shape variation between two distinct shell ecotypes (‘crab’ vs ‘wave’). Overall, our study shows that pose estimation based on Deep Learning can generate high-quality and high-throughput point-based measurements for digitised image-based biodiversity datasets and could mark a step change in the mobilisation of such data. We also provide general guidelines for using pose estimation methods on large-scale biological datasets.
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المؤلفون: Gavin H. Thomas, Emma C. Jardine, Colin P. Osborne
المصدر: Ecology and Evolution, Vol 11, Iss 6, Pp 2669-2680 (2021)
مصطلحات موضوعية: 0106 biological sciences, Moisture availability, senescence, precipitation niche, Sorting (sediment), drought, Biology, survival, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, lcsh:QH540-549.5, Ecosystem, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Nature and Landscape Conservation, 0303 health sciences, Global precipitation, Ecology, fungi, food and beverages, Meristem, Plant Distributions, grasses, Agronomy, Habitat, strategies, lcsh:Ecology
الوصف: 1. Species distributions are closely associated with moisture availability, but the underlying mechanisms remain unresolved. Drought relations are especially important for plants such as C4 grasses that dominate seasonally dry ecosystems. Here, we test the hypothesis that C4 grass species sampled across global precipitation gradients show variation in survival under drought that can be explained by their traits. 2. Our experiment subjected 18 C4 grass species to a lethal drought under controlled environmental conditions. The number of days until death was measured, along with root traits, senescence, and aspects of hydraulic function. 3. We identified two strategies: Drought‐avoiding species that stayed green as the water potential declined and drought‐tolerating species that senesced more quickly but could extend survival via drought‐tolerant meristems. 4. Plants that stay‐green for longer occupied drier habitats and had the longest survival under drought, facilitated by narrow root diameter and isohydric stomatal behavior. Plants that senesced quickly had thicker roots, an anisohydric strategy, and occupied wetter habitats. 5. Global distributions of C4 grasses can be predicted by variation in rates of senescence, meristem survival, root traits, and stomatal strategy, showing the value of these traits for understanding plant distributions in relation to climate.
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المؤلفون: Lucija Slemc, Jernej Jakše, Alessandro Filisetti, Damir Baranasic, Antonio Rodríguez-García, Francesco Del Carratore, Stefano Maria Marino, Jurica Zucko, Antonio Starcevic, Martin Šala, Mercedes Pérez-Bonilla, Marina Sánchez-Hidalgo, Ignacio González, Fernando Reyes, Olga Genilloud, Vicki Springthorpe, Dušan Goranovič, Gregor Kosec, Gavin H. Thomas, Davide De Lucrezia, Hrvoje Petković, Miha Tome
المصدر: Microbiology Spectrum. 10
مصطلحات موضوعية: Microbiology (medical), General Immunology and Microbiology, Ecology, Physiology, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Transposases, Oxytetracycline, Cell Biology, Streptomyces rimosus, Nanopore Sequencing, Infectious Diseases, Genetics, Genome, Bacterial, Plasmids
الوصف: Streptomyces rimosus ATCC 10970 is the parental strain of industrial strains used for the commercial production of the important antibiotic oxytetracycline. As an actinobacterium with a large linear chromosome containing numerous long repeat regions, high GC content, and a single giant linear plasmid (GLP), these genomes are challenging to assemble. Here, we apply a hybrid sequencing approach relying on the combination of short- and long-read next-generation sequencing platforms and whole-genome restriction analysis by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to produce a high-quality reference genome for this biotechnologically important bacterium. By using PFGE to separate and isolate plasmid DNA from chromosomal DNA, we successfully sequenced the GLP using Nanopore data alone. Using this approach, we compared the sequence of GLP in the parent strain ATCC 10970 with those found in two semi-industrial progenitor strains, R6-500 and M4018. Sequencing of the GLP of these three S. rimosus strains shed light on several rearrangements accompanied by transposase genes, suggesting that transposases play an important role in plasmid and genome plasticity in S. rimosus. The polished annotation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways compared to metabolite analysis in the ATCC 10970 strain also refined our knowledge of the secondary metabolite arsenal of these strains. The proposed methodology is highly applicable to a variety of sequencing projects, as evidenced by the reliable assemblies obtained. IMPORTANCE The genomes of Streptomyces species are difficult to assemble due to long repeats, extrachromosomal elements (giant linear plasmids [GLPs]), rearrangements, and high GC content. To improve the quality of the S. rimosus ATCC 10970 genome, producer of oxytetracycline, we validated the assembly of GLPs by applying a new approach to combine pulsed-field gel electrophoresis separation and GLP isolation and sequenced the isolated GLP with Oxford Nanopore technology. By examining the sequenced plasmids of ATCC 10970 and two industrial progenitor strains, R6-500 and M4018, we identified large GLP rearrangements. Analysis of the assembled plasmid sequences shed light on the role of transposases in genome plasticity of this species. The new methodological approach developed for Nanopore sequencing is highly applicable to a variety of sequencing projects. In addition, we present the annotated reference genome sequence of ATCC 10970 with a detailed analysis of the biosynthetic gene clusters.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::18001e1b4ae0a7292fc240aae6c73f7b
https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02434-21 -
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المؤلفون: Joseph A. Tobias, Catherine Sheard, Alex L. Pigot, Adam J. M. Devenish, Jingyi Yang, Ferran Sayol, Montague H. C. Neate‐Clegg, Nico Alioravainen, Thomas L. Weeks, Robert A. Barber, Patrick A. Walkden, Hannah E. A. MacGregor, Samuel E. I. Jones, Claire Vincent, Anna G. Phillips, Nicola M. Marples, Flavia A. Montaño‐Centellas, Victor Leandro‐Silva, Santiago Claramunt, Bianca Darski, Benjamin G. Freeman, Tom P. Bregman, Christopher R. Cooney, Emma C. Hughes, Elliot J. R. Capp, Zoë K. Varley, Nicholas R. Friedman, Heiko Korntheuer, Andrea Corrales‐Vargas, Christopher H. Trisos, Brian C. Weeks, Dagmar M. Hanz, Till Töpfer, Gustavo A. Bravo, Vladimír Remeš, Larissa Nowak, Lincoln S. Carneiro, Amilkar J. Moncada R., Beata Matysioková, Daniel T. Baldassarre, Alejandra Martínez‐Salinas, Jared D. Wolfe, Philip M. Chapman, Benjamin G. Daly, Marjorie C. Sorensen, Alexander Neu, Michael A. Ford, Rebekah J. Mayhew, Luis Fabio Silveira, David J. Kelly, Nathaniel N. D. Annorbah, Henry S. Pollock, Ada M. Grabowska‐Zhang, Jay P. McEntee, Juan Carlos T. Gonzalez, Camila G. Meneses, Marcia C. Muñoz, Luke L. Powell, Gabriel A. Jamie, Thomas J. Matthews, Oscar Johnson, Guilherme R. R. Brito, Kristof Zyskowski, Ross Crates, Michael G. Harvey, Maura Jurado Zevallos, Peter A. Hosner, Tom Bradfer‐Lawrence, James M. Maley, F. Gary Stiles, Hevana S. Lima, Kaiya L. Provost, Moses Chibesa, Mmatjie Mashao, Jeffrey T. Howard, Edson Mlamba, Marcus A. H. Chua, Bicheng Li, M. Isabel Gómez, Natalia C. García, Martin Päckert, Jérôme Fuchs, Jarome R. Ali, Elizabeth P. Derryberry, Monica L. Carlson, Rolly C. Urriza, Kristin E. Brzeski, Dewi M. Prawiradilaga, Matt J. Rayner, Eliot T. Miller, Rauri C. K. Bowie, René‐Marie Lafontaine, R. Paul Scofield, Yingqiang Lou, Lankani Somarathna, Denis Lepage, Marshall Illif, Eike Lena Neuschulz, Mathias Templin, D. Matthias Dehling, Jacob C. Cooper, Olivier S. G. Pauwels, Kangkuso Analuddin, Jon Fjeldså, Nathalie Seddon, Paul R. Sweet, Fabrice A. J. DeClerck, Luciano N. Naka, Jeffrey D. Brawn, Alexandre Aleixo, Katrin Böhning‐Gaese, Carsten Rahbek, Susanne A. Fritz, Gavin H. Thomas, Matthias Schleuning
المساهمون: University of Helsinki, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Economic & Social Research Council (ESRC)
المصدر: Tobias, J A, Sheard, C, Pigot, A L, Yang, J, Sayol, F, Neate-Clegg, M H C, Alioravainen, N, Weeks, T L, Barber, R A, Walkden, P A, MacGregor, H E A, Jones, S E I, Vincent, C, Phillips, A G, Marples, N M, Montaño-Centellas, F A, Leandro-Silva, V, Claramunt, S, Darski, B, Freeman, B G, Bregman, T P, Cooney, C R, Hughes, E C, Capp, E J R, Varley, Z K, Friedman, N R, Korntheuer, H, Corrales-Vargas, A, Trisos, C H, Weeks, B C, Hanz, D M, Töpfer, T, Bravo, G A, Remeš, V, Nowak, L, Carneiro, L S, Moncada R, A J, Matysioková, B, Baldassarre, D T, Martínez-Salinas, A, Wolfe, J D, Chapman, P M, Daly, B G, Sorensen, M C, Neu, A, Mayhew, R J, Fabio Silveira, L, Annorbah, N N D, Pollock, H S, Grabowska-Zhang, A M, McEntee, J P, Carlos T Gonzalez, J, Meneses, C G, Muñoz, M C, Powell, L L, Jamie, G A, Matthews, T J, Johnson, O, Brito, G R R, Zyskowski, K, Crates, R, Jurado Zevallos, M, Hosner, P A, Bradfer-Lawrence, T, Maley, J M, Stiles, F G, Lima, H S, Provost, K L, Chibesa, M, Mashao, M, Howard, J T, Mlamba, E, Chua, M A H, Li, B, Gómez, M I, García, N C, Päckert, M, Fuchs, J, Ali, J R, Derryberry, E P, Carlson, M L, Urriza, R C, Brzeski, K E, Prawiradilaga, D M, Rayner, M J, Miller, E T, Bowie, R C K, Lafontaine, R-M, Scofield, R P, Lou, Y, Somarathna, L, Lepage, D, Illif, M, Neuschulz, E L, Templin, M, Dehling, D M, Cooper, J C, Pauwels, O S G, Analuddin, K, Fjeldså, J, Seddon, N, Sweet, P R, DeClerck, F A J, Naka, L N, Brawn, J D, Aleixo, A, Böhning-Gaese, K, Rahbek, C, Fritz, S A, Schleuning, M & Devenish, A J M 2022, ' AVONET : morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds ', Ecology Letters, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 581-597 . https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13898
Tobias, J A, Sheard, C, Pigot, A L, Devenish, A J M, Yang, J, Sayol, F, Neate-Clegg, M H C, Alioravainen, N, Weeks, T L, Barber, R A, Walkden, P A, MacGregor, H E A, Jones, S E I, Vincent, C, Phillips, A G, Marples, N M, Montaño-Centellas, F A, Leandro-Silva, V, Claramunt, S, Darski, B, Freeman, B G, Bregman, T P, Cooney, C R, Hughes, E C, Capp, E J R, Varley, Z K, Friedman, N R, Korntheuer, H, Corrales-Vargas, A, Trisos, C H, Weeks, B C, Hanz, D M, Töpfer, T, Bravo, G A, Remeš, V, Nowak, L, Carneiro, L S, Moncada R., A J, Matysioková, B, Baldassarre, D T, Martínez-Salinas, A, Wolfe, J D, Chapman, P M, Daly, B G, Sorensen, M C, Neu, A, Ford, M A, Mayhew, R J, Fabio Silveira, L, Kelly, D J, Annorbah, N N D, Pollock, H S, Grabowska-Zhang, A M, McEntee, J P, Carlos T. Gonzalez, J, Meneses, C G, Muñoz, M C, Powell, L L, Jamie, G A, Matthews, T J, Johnson, O, Brito, G R R, Zyskowski, K, Crates, R, Harvey, M G, Jurado Zevallos, M, Hosner, P A, Bradfer-Lawrence, T, Maley, J M, Stiles, F G, Lima, H S, Provost, K L, Chibesa, M, Mashao, M, Howard, J T, Mlamba, E, Chua, M A H, Li, B, Gómez, M I, García, N C, Päckert, M, Fuchs, J, Ali, J R, Derryberry, E P, Carlson, M L, Urriza, R C, Brzeski, K E, Prawiradilaga, D M, Rayner, M J, Miller, E T, Bowie, R C K, Lafontaine, R M, Scofield, R P, Lou, Y, Somarathna, L, Lepage, D, Illif, M, Neuschulz, E L, Templin, M, Dehling, D M, Cooper, J C, Pauwels, O S G, Analuddin, K, Fjeldså, J, Seddon, N, Sweet, P R, DeClerck, F A J, Naka, L N, Brawn, J D, Aleixo, A, Böhning-Gaese, K, Rahbek, C, Fritz, S A, Thomas, G H & Schleuning, M 2022, ' AVONET : morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds ', Ecology Letters, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 581-597 . https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13898
Ecology Lettersمصطلحات موضوعية: IMPACTS, Data Integration, Continuous Variables, Trait-based Ecology, CONSERVATION, Ecomorphology, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Functional diversity, Birds, 0603 Evolutionary Biology, Avian Traits, Animals, Humans, avian traits, continuous variables, data integration, ecomorphology, functional diversity, macroecology, macroevolution, trait-based ecology, Avian traits, Macroecology, Ecosystem, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Taxonomy, Science & Technology, CLIMATE-CHANGE, Ecology, 0602 Ecology, Functional Diversity, Biodiversity, Trait-based ecology, Biological Evolution, EVOLUTION, 0501 Ecological Applications, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, Continuous variables, Macroevolution, Data integration, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, TRAITS
الوصف: Tobias, Joseph A., Sheard, Catherine, Pigot, Alex L., Devenish, Adam J. M., Yang, Jingyi, Sayol, Ferran, Neate‐Clegg, Montague H. C., Alioravainen, Nico, Weeks, Thomas L., Barber, Robert A., Walkden, Patrick A., MacGregor, Hannah E. A., Jones, Samuel E. I., Vincent, Claire, Phillips, Anna G., Marples, Nicola M., Montaño‐Centellas, Flavia A., Leandro‐Silva, Victor, Claramunt, Santiago, Darski, Bianca, Freeman, Benjamin G., Bregman, Tom P., Cooney, Christopher R., Hughes, Emma C., Capp, Elliot J. R., Varley, Zoë K., Friedman, Nicholas R., Korntheuer, Heiko, Corrales‐Vargas, Andrea, Trisos, Christopher H., Weeks, Brian C., Hanz, Dagmar M., Töpfer, Till, Bravo, Gustavo A., Remeš, Vladimír, Nowak, Larissa, Carneiro, Lincoln S., Moncada R., Amilkar J., Matysioková, Beata, Baldassarre, Daniel T., Martínez‐Salinas, Alejandra, Wolfe, Jared D., Chapman, Philip M., Daly, Benjamin G., Sorensen, Marjorie C., Neu, Alexander, Ford, Michael A., Mayhew, Rebekah J., Fabio Silveira, Luis, Kelly, David J., Annorbah, Nathaniel N. D., Pollock, Henry S., Grabowska‐Zhang, Ada M., McEntee, Jay P., Carlos T. Gonzalez, Juan, Meneses, Camila G., Muñoz, Marcia C., Powell, Luke L., Jamie, Gabriel A., Matthews, Thomas J., Johnson, Oscar, Brito, Guilherme R. R., Zyskowski, Kristof, Crates, Ross, Harvey, Michael G., Jurado Zevallos, Maura, Hosner, Peter A., Bradfer‐Lawrence, Tom, Maley, James M., Stiles, F. Gary, Lima, Hevana S., Provost, Kaiya L., Chibesa, Moses, Mashao, Mmatjie, Howard, Jeffrey T., Mlamba, Edson, Chua, Marcus A. H., Li, Bicheng, Gómez, M. Isabel, García, Natalia C., Päckert, Martin, Fuchs, Jérôme, Ali, Jarome R., Derryberry, Elizabeth P., Carlson, Monica L., Urriza, Rolly C., Brzeski, Kristin E., Prawiradilaga, Dewi M., Rayner, Matt J., Miller, Eliot T., Bowie, Rauri C. K., Lafontaine, René‐Marie, Scofield, R. Paul, Lou, Yingqiang, Somarathna, Lankani, Lepage, Denis, Illif, Marshall, Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Templin, Mathias, Dehling, D. Matthias, Cooper, Jacob C., Pauwels, Olivier S. G., Analuddin, Kangkuso, Fjeldså, Jon, Seddon, Nathalie, Sweet, Paul R., DeClerck, Fabrice A. J., Naka, Luciano N., Brawn, Jeffrey D., Aleixo, Alexandre, Böhning‐Gaese, Katrin, Rahbek, Carsten, Fritz, Susanne A., Thomas, Gavin H., Schleuning, Matthias (2022): AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds. Ecology Letters 25 (3): 581-597, DOI: 10.1111/ele.13898, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.13898
وصف الملف: application/pdf
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المؤلفون: Philip A. Martin, C. Sayer, David Edwards, Emma C. Hughes, Gavin H. Thomas
المساهمون: Hughes, EC [0000-0003-4682-6257], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
المصدر: Journal of Applied Ecology. 57:1351-1362
مصطلحات موضوعية: tropical forest, 0106 biological sciences, secondary forest regrowth, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Agroforestry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Biodiversity, Tropics, Generalist and specialist species, Old-growth forest, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, land-use change, Deforestation, Agricultural land, Secondary forest, Species richness, community composition, avian biodiversity
الوصف: The conversion of tropical forests to farmland is a key driver of the current extinction crisis. With the present rate of deforestation unlikely to subside, secondary forests that regenerate on abandoned agricultural land may provide an option for safeguarding biodiversity. While species richness (SR) may recover as secondary forests get older, the extent to which phylogenetic diversity (PD)—the total amount of evolutionary history present in a community—is conserved is less clear. Maximizing PD has been argued to be important to conserve both evolutionary heritage and ecosystem function.\ud \ud Here, we investigate the effects of secondary forest regeneration on PD in birds. The regeneration of secondary forests could lead to a community of closely related species, despite maintaining comparable SR to primary forests, and thus have diminished biodiversity value with reduced evolutionary heritage.\ud \ud We use a meta‐dataset of paired primary and secondary forest sites to show that, over time, forest specialist species returned across all sites as secondary forest age increased. Forest specialists colonize secondary tropical forests in both the Old World and the New World, but recovery of PD and community composition with time is only evident in the Old World.\ud \ud Synthesis and applications. While preserving primary tropical forests remains a core conservation goal, our results emphasize the important role of secondary forest in maintaining tropical forest biodiversity. Biodiversity recovery differs between Old and New World secondary forests and with proximity to primary forest, highlighting the need to consider local or regional differences in landscape composition and species characteristics, especially resilience to forest degradation and dispersal capability. While farmland abandonment is increasing across marginal areas in the tropics, there remains a critical need to provide long‐term management and protection from reconversion to maximize conservation benefits of secondary forests. Our study suggests such investments should be focused on land in close proximity to primary forests.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
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المؤلفون: Elisabeth J. Forrestel, Emma C. Jardine, Gavin H. Thomas, Caroline E. R. Lehmann, Colin P. Osborne
المصدر: Journal of Biogeography. 47:553-565
مصطلحات موضوعية: 0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Specific leaf area, fungi, Biome, food and beverages, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Grassland, 03 medical and health sciences, Taxon, Trait, Poaceae, Leaf size, Soil fertility, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology
الوصف: Aim The sorting of functional traits along environmental gradients is an important driver of community and landscape scale patterns of functional diversity. However, the significance of environmental factors in driving functional gradients within biomes and across continents remains poorly understood. Here, we evaluate the relationship of soil nutrients and climate to leaf traits in grasses (Poaceae) that are hypothesized to reflect different strategies of resource use along gradients of resource availability. Location Global. Taxon Poaceae. Methods We made direct measurements on herbarium specimens to compile a global dataset of functional traits and realized environmental niche for 279 grass species that are common in grassland and savanna biomes. We examined the strength and direction of correlations between pairwise trait combinations and measured the distribution of traits in relation to gradients of soil properties and climate, while accounting for phylogenetic relatedness. Results Leaf trait variation among species follows two orthogonal axes. One axis represents leaf size and plant height, and we showed positive scaling relationships between these size‐related traits. The other axis corresponds to economic traits associated with resource acquisition and allocation, including leaf tensile strength (LTS), specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf nitrogen content (LNC). Global‐scale variation in LNC was primarily correlated with soil nutrients, while LTS, SLA and size‐related traits showed weak relationships to environment. However, most of the trait variation occurred within different vegetation types, independent of large‐scale environmental gradients. Main conclusions Our work provides evidence among grasses for relationships at the global scale between leaf economic traits and soil fertility, and for an influence of aridity on traits related to plant size. However, large unexplained variance and strong phylogenetic signal in the model residuals imply that at this scale the evolution of functional traits is driven by factors beyond contemporary environmental or climatic conditions.
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المؤلفون: Gavin H. Thomas
المصدر: Microbiology
مصطلحات موضوعية: Editorial, Ecology, Biology, Microbiology, Editorial Policies
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::f83806f52bbda201358b2479e873fb2f
https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.000914 -
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المؤلفون: Gavin H. Thomas, Tim M. Blackburn, David W. Redding, Phillip Cassey, Ellie E. Dyer, Alex L. Pigot
المصدر: Global Ecology and Biogeography. 27:1080-1092
مصطلحات موضوعية: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Phylogenetic tree, Range (biology), Null model, Introduced species, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Invasive species, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Taxon, Biological dispersal, Clade, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
الوصف: Aim Accelerating rates of anthropogenic introductions are leading to a dramatic restructuring of species distributions globally. However, the extent to which invasions alter the imprint of evolutionary history in species geographical ranges remains unclear. Here, we provide a global assessment of how the introduction, establishment and spread of alien species alters the phylogenetic signal in geographical range size using birds as a model system. Location Global. Time period Contemporaneous. Taxa Birds. Methods We compare the phylogenetic signal in alien range size with that of native distributions of species globally (n = 9,993) and across different stages in the invasion pathway, from introduced (n = 965) to established species (n = 359). Using stochastic simulations, we test whether differences in phylogenetic signal arise from nonrandom patterns of species introduction, establishment or spread. Results Geographical range size in birds exhibits an intermediate phylogenetic signal, driven by the spatial clustering of closely related species. Nonrandom introductions, biased towards wide‐ranging species from particular clades and regions, produce an anomalously strong phylogenetic signal in the native range size of introduced species. In contrast, the phylogenetic signal in alien range size is substantially weaker than for native distributions. This weak phylogenetic signal cannot be explained by a lack of time for dispersal but is instead regulated by phylogenetic correlations across species in the location and number of introduction events. Main conclusions We demonstrate that the effects of anthropogenic introductions on the phylogenetic signal in range size vary across different stages in the invasion pathway. The process of transport and introduction amplifies the phylogenetic signal in the pool of potential invaders, whereas the subsequent pattern of spread decouples variation in alien range size from phylogenetic ancestry. Together, our findings suggest that evolutionary relatedness is likely to be a relatively weak predictor of the spread of invasive species.
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المؤلفون: Emma C. Hughes, Gavin H. Thomas, Lara O. Nouri, Elliot J. R. Capp, Angela-Maria Chira, Jen A. Bright, Zoë K. Varley, Christopher R. Cooney, Christopher J. A. Moody
المساهمون: Harmon, L.
المصدر: Ecology Letters
مصطلحات موضوعية: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Male, Letter, trait evolution, Range (biology), rate heterogeneity, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Divergence, 03 medical and health sciences, Animals, Letters, Life history, Clade, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Phylogeny, Ecology, Niche differentiation, Ecological opportunity, 15. Life on land, Biological Evolution, 030104 developmental biology, Variation (linguistics), Phenotype, morphological distinctiveness, Trait, Species richness
الوصف: Heterogeneity in rates of trait evolution is widespread, but it remains unclear which processes drive fast and slow character divergence across global radiations. Here, we test multiple hypotheses for explaining rate variation in an ecomorphological trait (beak shape) across a globally distributed group (birds). We find low support that variation in evolutionary rates of species is correlated with life history, environmental mutagenic factors, range size, number of competitors, or living on islands. Indeed, after controlling for the negative effect of species' age, 80% of variation in species‐specific evolutionary rates remains unexplained. At the clade level, high evolutionary rates are associated with unusual phenotypes or high species richness. Taken together, these results imply that macroevolutionary rates of ecomorphological traits are governed by both ecological opportunity in distinct adaptive zones and niche differentiation among closely related species.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
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