-
1
المؤلفون: Lind, Lovisa, Hasselquist, Eliza Maher, Laudon, Hjalmar
المصدر: Journal of Environmental Management. 249:1-8
مصطلحات موضوعية: Agricultural, Buffer zone, Ecological functional riparian zones, Riparian zone, Vegetation, Water, agricultural land, ecosystem function, environmental protection, filter, functional role, hydrological regime, land management, land use, waterway transport, biodiversity, controlled study, crop production, freshwater environment, human, hydrology, landscape, nutrient uptake, practice guideline, Review, riparian ecosystem, rural area, sandy loam, soil property, soil texture, species composition, water quality, water temperature, agriculture, ecosystem, environmental monitoring, meta analysis, river, Aves, Rivers, Environmental Science, Miljövetenskap
الوصف: Riparian zones contribute with biodiversity and ecosystem functions of fundamental importance for regulating flow and nutrient transport in waterways. However, agricultural land-use and physical changes made to improve crop productivity and yield have resulted in modified hydrology and displaced natural vegetation. The modification to the hydrology and natural vegetation have affected the biodiversity and many ecosystem functions provided by riparian zones. Here we review the literature to provide state-of-the-art recommendations for riparian zones in agricultural landscapes. We analysed all available publications since 1984 that have quantified services provided by riparian zones and use this information to recommend minimum buffer widths. We also analysed publications that gave buffer width recommendations to sustain different groups of organisms. We found that drainage size matters for nutrient and sediment removal, but also that a 3 m wide buffer zone acts as a basic nutrient filter. However, to maintain a high floral diversity, a 24 m buffer zone is required, while a 144 m buffer is needed to preserve bird diversity. Based on the analysis, we developed the concept of “Ecologically Functional Riparian Zones” (ERZ) and provide a step-by-step framework that managers can use to balance agricultural needs and environmental protection of waterways from negative impacts. By applying ERZ in already existing agricultural areas, we can better meet small targets and move towards the long-term goal of achieving a more functional land management and better environmental status of waterways.
وصف الملف: electronic
-
2
المؤلفون: Nugent, Andie
مصطلحات موضوعية: Ecology, Environmental science, Biogeochemistry, Bacteria, Drought, Land Management, Microbial Communities, Soil, Urbanization
الوصف: Soils support many vital ecosystem services including water filtration, pollution remediation, carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling, and increased biodiversity. Microbial communities are key regulators of these soil processes and are functionally responsive to shifts in environmental conditions. Global changes including climate change and urbanization are altering soil properties and soil microbial activity. The resulting feedbacks could increase GHG emissions and nitrogen leaching into water systems from both urbanized and natural soils. The aim of this dissertation is to investigate the impact of global changes on the soil microbiome. First, I addressed the impacts of urbanization on soil ecosystems by synthesizing prior literature and developed a framework to assist researchers in answering key questions about the urban soil microbiome. I argue that urban soils offer an excellent opportunity to study fundamental questions about microbial community structure and function under different environmental conditions, with the additional benefit finding methods to improve urban sustainability. Next, I conducted a field experiment applying this framework to soils in a local neighborhood. I constructed a chrono-sequence of yards built across four decades, and characterized the soil and microbial community to provide insight into how urban soils recover from disturbance, and how irrigation, fertilization, and plant type may alter microbial processes compared to an adjacent undeveloped ecosystem. I found that these yard soils, particularly under turfgrass, are wetter and more nutrient-rich compared to undeveloped soils. The chrono-sequence also revealed that urban soils gain more abundant and active microbial communities over time which may result in accumulated soil carbon. Finally, my last chapter explores the impact of drought and nitrogen addition, as may result from fossil fuel burning, on a natural grassland ecosystem. I characterized the microbial community of bulk soils across experimental treatments down to 30cm, and explored the effects of depth, drought, and fertilization on microbial community composition and potential function. I found that depth was the most consistent driver of microbial function, while microbial functions were more resilient to drought and fertilization. An interesting finding from this work was that community composition did not respond to treatments while potential function did. This suggests a need for a trait-based approach to describe microbial communities and predict function from their structure.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
URL الوصول: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3114r8cd
-
3كتاب إلكتروني
المؤلفون: Wolfe, Amy K.Aff5, Dale, Virginia H.Aff5, Arthur, TarynAff5, Aff6, Baskaran, LathaAff5
المساهمون: Gray, Steven, editorAff1, Paolisso, Michael, editorAff2, Jordan, Rebecca, editorAff3, Gray, Stefan, editorAff4
المصدر: Environmental Modeling with Stakeholders : Theory, Methods, and Applications. :103-124
-
4
المصدر: International Soil and Water Conservation Research. 10:46-61
مصطلحات موضوعية: Soil map, Hydrology, Watershed, Land use, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Land management, Soil Science, Sediment, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 020801 environmental engineering, Grazing, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Erosion, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Soil conservation, Agronomy and Crop Science, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Water Science and Technology
الوصف: Soil erosion is a serious environmental problem arising from agricultural intensification and landscape changes. Improper land management coupled with intense rainfall has intricated the problem in most parts of the Ethiopian highlands. Soil loss costs a profound amount of the national GDP. Thus, quantifying soil loss and prioritizing areas for conservation is imperative for proper planning and resource conservation. Therefore, this study has modeled the mean soil loss and annual sediment yield of the Gumara watershed. Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 7ETM+, and Landsat 8 OLI were used for land use land cover (LULC) change analysis. Besides these, other datasets related to rainfall, digital soil map, Digital Elevation Model, reference land use, and cover (LULC) ground truth points were used to generate parameters for modeling soil loss. The watershed was classified into five major land-use classes (water body, cultivated land, grazing land, built-up and forest and plantation) using a maximum likelihood algorithm covering a period of the last 30 years (1988–2019). The mean annual soil loss and sediment yield were quantified using RUSLE, Sediment delivery ratio (SDR), and Sediment Yields models (SY). The analysis result unveils that within the past 30 years, the watershed has undergone significant LULC changes from forest & plantation (46.33%) and grazing land to cultivated land (31.59%) with the rate of −1.42km2yr-1 and -2.80km2yr-1 respectively. In the same vein, the built-up area has expanded to cultivated and grazing land. Subsequently, nearly 15% (207 km2) of the watershed suffered from moderate to very severe soil loss. On average, the watershed losses 24.2 t ha−1 yr−1 of soil and yields 2807.02 t ha−1 yr−1 sediment. Annually, the watershed losses 385,157 t ha−1 yr−1 soil from the whole study area. Among the admirative districts, Farta (Askuma, Giribi, Mahidere Mariam and Arigo kebeles), Fogera (Gazen Aridafofota and Gura Amba kebeles), East Este (Witimera kebele), and Dera (Gedame Eyesus and Deriana Wechit kebeles) districts which cover 50% of the watershed were found severely affected by soil erosion. Thus, to curve back this scenario, soil and water conservation practices should prioritize in the aforementioned districts of the watersheds.
-
5كتاب
المساهمون: Baskaran, Latha [ORNL]
وصف الملف: Medium: X; Size: 103
URL الوصول: http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/1340430
-
6دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Verran, Helen
المصدر: Social Studies of Science, 2002 Oct 01. 32(5/6), 729-762.
URL الوصول: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3183053
-
7
المصدر: International Soil and Water Conservation Research, Vol 9, Iss 4, Pp 544-554 (2021)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Erosion control, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Land management, Soil Science, 02 engineering and technology, Land cover, LMP practices, Crop yield, Yield loss by erosion, Drainage, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Water Science and Technology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Vegetation, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), Soil loss, 020801 environmental engineering, Agronomy, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Land degradation, Erosion, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Ethiopia, TA1-2040, Agronomy and Crop Science
الوصف: Identifying land management practices (LMPs) that enhance on-site sediment management and crop productivity is crucial for the prevention, reduction, and restoration of land degradation and contributing to achieving land degradation neutrality (LDN). We reviewed studies in Ethiopia to assess the effects of LMPs on soil loss (84 studies) and crop productivity (34 studies) relative to control practice. Yield variability on conserved lands was assessed using 12,796 fixed plot data. Effects of LMP on soil loss were 0.5e55 t ha-11y-11 compared to control practices yielding 50 to 140 t ha-11y-1. More than 55% of soil loss records revealed soil loss less than the tolerable rate (10 t ha-1). Area closure, perennial vegetation cover, agronomic practices, mechanical erosion control practices, annual cropland cover, and drainage groups of practices led to 74.0 ± 18.3%, 69.0 ± 24.6%, 66.2 ± 30.5%, 66.1 ± 18.0%, 63.5 ± 20.0%, and 40 ± 11,1% soil loss reduction, respectively. A yield increase of 25.2 ± 15.0%, 37.5 ± 28.0%, and 75.4 ± 85.0% was found from drainage, agronomy, and mechanical erosion control practices, respectively. The average yield loss by erosion on fields without appropriate land management practice and on conserved fields was 26.5 ± 26.0% and 25 ± 3.7%, respectively. The findings suggest that practices that entail a continuous presence of soil cover during the rainy season, perennial vegetation, retention of moisture, and barriers for sediment transport were most effective at decreasing soil loss and increasing productivity. This review provides evidence to identify the best LMP practices for wider adoption and inform decisionmaking on LMP investments towards achieving sustainable solutions to reverse land degradation.
-
8
المؤلفون: Temesgen Gashaw, Muhammad Azhar Ehsan, Abebe Senamaw
المصدر: Earth Systems and Environment. 6:483-497
مصطلحات موضوعية: Hydrology, Global and Planetary Change, geography, Watershed, geography.geographical_feature_category, Land use, Land management, Geology, Land cover, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Grassland, Shrubland, Universal Soil Loss Equation, Land degradation, Environmental science, Economic Geology, Computers in Earth Sciences
الوصف: Land degradation in the form of soil erosion is one of the major environmental problems in the highlands of Ethiopia. This research was aimed to estimate the effects of changes in land use/land cover (LULC) on water-borne soil erosion in the Chimbel watershed of the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. The spatial and temporal LULC changes were analyzed using Landsat 5 TM 1989 and Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS 2019 images following a supervised classification technique with the Maximum-Likelihood Classification (MLC) algorithm. Soil erosion was estimated using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model. The result reveals that cultivated land and built-up area increased by 11.3 and 7%, respectively, while grassland (6.9%), forest (6.4%), bush/shrubland (4.9%), and water body (0.2%) were reduced between 1989 and 2019 periods. Consequently, the mean soil erosion rates estimated from the entire watershed were 24.0 t ha–1 year–1 in 1989 and 28.3 t ha–1 year–1in 2019, which are higher than the tolerable soil loss (1–6 t ha–1 year–1) and soil formation (10–14 t ha–1 year–1) rates of the study region. Hence, applying a land management intervention to reverse the trend of LULC changes and thereafter its soil erosion is suggested for environmental improvement of the region.
-
9
المؤلفون: Wael M. Khairy
المصدر: Modeling Earth Systems and Environment. 8:3231-3246
مصطلحات موضوعية: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Land use, Drainage basin, Land management, Sediment, Structural basin, Watershed management, Environmental science, Ecosystem, Computers in Earth Sciences, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Water resource management, Soil conservation, General Environmental Science
الوصف: For many decades, there was inadequate research in estimating soil loss from lands and the associated sediment concentrations in stream due to changes in land use, watershed management, or soil conservation interventions. Recently, an immense concern by researchers and policy makers has been registered on the potential impacts of water and land management on sediment behavior. This research paper analyzed spatial distributive data including soil and hydrological features, changes in cropland, grassland, and soil bunds using geographic information system tools. A simple spreadsheets water and sediment load balance model was developed and used to determine the impacts of implementing watershed management interventions in the Abbay Basin in Ethiopia on soil loss, sediment loads, and sediment delivery ratio (SDR) in the Abbay River. The mathematical computations were carried out on a sub-basin level where watershed management interventions were applied and evolved from Year 2010 till Year 2018. Focusing on changes during that period, the results of the distributive analysis indicated that the overall annual soil loss within the Abbay Basin were estimated about 322 and 291 million tons, in Year 2010 and Year 2018, respectively. The watershed management interventions implemented during that period caused a positive soil conservation leading to reduction in soil loss in the Abbay Basin by about 10%. The average annual SDR at El-Diem site in the Abbay River was estimated about 43% as a result of implementing the watershed management interventions in the Abbay Basin. The overall annual sediment load at El-Diem site on the Abbay River was then estimated about 125 million tons with a reduction of about 11% from the long-term average annual measured value.
-
10
المؤلفون: Aktavia Herawati, Hery Widijanto, Mujiyo Mujiyo, Tiara Hardian
المصدر: Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 3063-3072 (2021)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Environmental effects of industries and plants, Land use, Soil texture, Compost, Geography, Planning and Development, land management, Land management, Biomass, Agricultural engineering, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, engineering.material, TD194-195, complex mixtures, Pollution, Bulk density, soil degradation, Soil retrogression and degradation, engineering, Paddy field, Environmental science, paddy field, Nature and Landscape Conservation
الوصف: This study aimed at determining the effect of land use on soil degradation, discovering the indicator as a determinant factor of soil degradation, and providing recommendations for land management to improve soil productivity. This study was conducted in agricultural lands in Giriwoyo, Wonogiri, Indonesia, and the observation indicator adopted by the Indonesian Government Regulation concerning Soil Degradation Control for Biomass Production. The methodology used was survey research with purposive sampling points in 12 land mapping units, and each unit was represented three times. The result showed that the study area was slightly and moderately degraded. Land use significantly affected soil degradation, and the paddy field has the highest degradation in the study area. Soil characteristics as degradation factors in the study area were soil texture, bulk density, and total porosity. Strategy for land management can be made by limiting the use of chemical fertilizers, and changing the use of chemical fertilizers into compost, to increase soil organic content, and accelerate the availability of nutrients.
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::d91efbafb56f2758284892854c916ccc
https://doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2021.091.3063
إعادة تعيين المنقحات
عرض المنقحات (%%عد%%)
Full Text Finder