المؤلفون: Fonseca PHM; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Brazil. phmorais.bio@gmail.com., Martinelli AG; CONICET-Sección Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 'Bernardino Rivadavia', Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina. agustin_martinelli@yahoo.com.ar.; Núcleo Milenio EVOTEM-Evolutionary Transitions of Early Mammals-ANID, Santiago, Chile. agustin_martinelli@yahoo.com.ar., Gill PG; Palaeobiology Research Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK. glpgg@bristol.ac.uk.; Science Department, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5HD, UK. glpgg@bristol.ac.uk., Rayfield EJ; Palaeobiology Research Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK. e.rayfield@bristol.ac.uk., Schultz CL; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Brazil., Kerber L; Centro de Apoio à Pesquisa Paleontológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, São João do Polêsine, Brazil., Ribeiro AM; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Brazil.; Museu de Ciências Naturais/SEMA, Porto Algre, RS, Brazil., Francischini H; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Brazil., Soares MB; Departamento de Geologia e Paleontologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s/n, São Cristovão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20940-040, Brazil. marina.soares@mn.ufrj.br.

المصدر: Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2024 Jun 15; Vol. 14 (1), pp. 13817. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 15.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101563288 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2045-2322 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20452322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Rep Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Mammals*/anatomy & histology , Fossils*/anatomy & histology , Skull*/anatomy & histology , Skull*/diagnostic imaging , X-Ray Microtomography* , Turbinates*/anatomy & histology , Turbinates*/diagnostic imaging, Animals ; South America ; Biological Evolution ; Nasal Cavity/anatomy & histology ; Nasal Cavity/diagnostic imaging ; Phylogeny

مستخلص: The nasal cavity of living mammals is a unique structural complex among tetrapods, acquired along a series of major morphological transformations that occurred mainly during the Mesozoic Era, within the Synapsida clade. Particularly, non-mammaliaform cynodonts document several morphological changes in the skull, during the Triassic Period, that represent the first steps of the mammalian bauplan. We here explore the nasal cavity of five cynodont taxa, namely Thrinaxodon, Chiniquodon, Prozostrodon, Riograndia, and Brasilodon, in order to discuss the main changes within this skull region. We did not identify ossified turbinals in the nasal cavity of these taxa and if present, as non-ossified structures, they would not necessarily be associated with temperature control or the development of endothermy. We do, however, notice a complexification of the cartilage anchoring structures that divide the nasal cavity and separate it from the brain region in these forerunners of mammals.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)

المؤلفون: Gill PG; School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queens Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK., Purnell MA; Department of Geology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK., Crumpton N; 1] School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queens Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK [2] Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK (N.C.); Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK (N.J.G.)., Brown KR; Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UU, UK., Gostling NJ; 1] School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queens Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK [2] Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK (N.C.); Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK (N.J.G.)., Stampanoni M; 1] Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland [2] Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zürich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland., Rayfield EJ; School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK.

المصدر: Nature [Nature] 2014 Aug 21; Vol. 512 (7514), pp. 303-5.

نوع المنشور: Historical Article; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0410462 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1476-4687 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00280836 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nature Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Feeding Behavior* , Fossils*, Diet/*history , Jaw/*anatomy & histology , Mammals/*anatomy & histology , Mammals/*physiology , Tooth/*anatomy & histology, Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Chiroptera/anatomy & histology ; Chiroptera/physiology ; Diet/veterinary ; History, Ancient ; Jaw/physiology ; Tomography, X-Ray ; Tooth/physiology

مستخلص: The origin and radiation of mammals are key events in the history of life, with fossils placing the origin at 220 million years ago, in the Late Triassic period. The earliest mammals, representing the first 50 million years of their evolution and including the most basal taxa, are widely considered to be generalized insectivores. This implies that the first phase of the mammalian radiation--associated with the appearance in the fossil record of important innovations such as heterodont dentition, diphyodonty and the dentary-squamosal jaw joint--was decoupled from ecomorphological diversification. Finds of exceptionally complete specimens of later Mesozoic mammals have revealed greater ecomorphological diversity than previously suspected, including adaptations for swimming, burrowing, digging and even gliding, but such well-preserved fossils of earlier mammals do not exist, and robust analysis of their ecomorphological diversity has previously been lacking. Here we present the results of an integrated analysis, using synchrotron X-ray tomography and analyses of biomechanics, finite element models and tooth microwear textures. We find significant differences in function and dietary ecology between two of the earliest mammaliaform taxa, Morganucodon and Kuehneotherium--taxa that are central to the debate on mammalian evolution. Morganucodon possessed comparatively more forceful and robust jaws and consumed 'harder' prey, comparable to extant small-bodied mammals that eat considerable amounts of coleopterans. Kuehneotherium ingested a diet comparable to extant mixed feeders and specialists on 'soft' prey such as lepidopterans. Our results reveal previously hidden trophic specialization at the base of the mammalian radiation; hence even the earliest mammaliaforms were beginning to diversify--morphologically, functionally and ecologically. In contrast to the prevailing view, this pattern suggests that lineage splitting during the earliest stages of mammalian evolution was associated with ecomorphological specialization and niche partitioning.

المؤلفون: Gill PG; Department of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy, University College, London WC2, England.

المصدر: Archives of oral biology [Arch Oral Biol] 1974 Apr; Vol. 19 (4), pp. 327-8.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Pergamon Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0116711 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 0003-9969 (Print) Linking ISSN: 00039969 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Arch Oral Biol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Bicuspid* , Fossils*, Mammals/*physiology , Tooth Resorption/*pathology, Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Paleodontology