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المؤلفون: Joel Tsevat, Ian Kudel, William C. Holmes, Sian Cotton, Magda Szaflarski
المصدر: Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 41:92-103
مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, Coping (psychology), HIV Infections, Models, Psychological, Structural equation modeling, Religiosity, Young Adult, Social support, Adaptation, Psychological, Humans, Spirituality, Young adult, General Psychology, Aged, Causal model, Depression, Social Support, Middle Aged, Mental health, Religion, Psychiatry and Mental health, Health psychology, Mental Health, Female, Self Report, Psychology, Clinical psychology
الوصف: A causal model developed by Koenig suggests that higher levels of spirituality and religiosity effect intermediary variables and eventually result in better mental health, which then positively affects physical function. Using structural equation modeling, we tested the model and expanded versions that use self-report data of patients with HIV (n = 345). All models demonstrated good overall fit with significant parameters. The final model found that increased spirituality/religiosity predicted increased religious coping, which influenced social support. Social support, in turn, positively influenced depressed mood (as a measure of mental health); depressed mood affected fatigue; and both variables predicted self-reported physical function. These three variables predicted health rating/utility for one’s health state. Additional analyses found that two covariates, religiosity and race, differentially predicted spirituality/religiosity and religious coping. In patients with HIV, an expanded version of Koenig’s model found that increased spirituality/religiosity is positively associated with self-reported outcomes.
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المؤلفون: Michael S. Yi, Sian Cotton, Richard W. Hornung, Joseph M. Mrus, Christina M. Puchalski, Terrance J. Wade, Amy H. Peterman, Mona L. Ho, Joel Tsevat
المصدر: Journal of General Internal Medicine. 21:S21-S27
مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, Religion and Psychology, medicine.medical_specialty, Health Status, HIV Infections, Comorbidity, Cohort Studies, Quality of life, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Immunopathology, Adaptation, Psychological, Prevalence, Internal Medicine, Humans, Medicine, Psychiatry, Depression (differential diagnoses), Marital Status, Depression, business.industry, Original Articles, medicine.disease, Mental health, United States, Causality, Mood disorders, Multivariate Analysis, Female, business, Cohort study
الوصف: Depression has been linked to immune function and mortality in patients with chronic illnesses. Factors such as poorer spiritual well-being has been linked to increased risk for depression and other mood disorders in patients with HIV.We sought to determine how specific dimensions of religion, spirituality, and other factors relate to depressive symptoms in a contemporary, multi-center cohort of patients with HIV/AIDS.Patients were recruited from 4 medical centers in 3 cities in 2002 to 2003, and trained interviewers administered the questionnaires. The level of depressive symptoms was measured with the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CESD-10) Scale. Independent variables included socio-demographics, clinical information, 8 dimensions of health status and concerns, symptoms, social support, risk attitudes, self-esteem, spirituality, religious affiliation, religiosity, and religious coping. We examined the bivariate and multivariable associations of religiosity, spirituality, and depressive symptoms.We collected data from 450 subjects. Their mean (SD) age was 43.8 (8.4) years; 387 (86.0%) were male; 204 (45.3%) were white; and their mean CD4 count was 420.5 (301.0). Two hundred forty-one (53.6%) fit the criteria for significant depressive symptoms (CESD-10 scoreor = 10). In multivariable analyses, having greater health worries, less comfort with how one contracted HIV, more HIV-related symptoms, less social support, and lower spiritual well-being was associated with significant depressive symptoms (P.05).A majority of patients with HIV reported having significant depressive symptoms. Poorer health status and perceptions, less social support, and lower spiritual well-being were related to significant depressive symptoms, while personal religiosity and having a religious affiliation was not associated when controlling for other factors. Helping to address the spiritual needs of patients in the medical or community setting may be one way to decrease depressive symptoms in patients with HIV/AIDS.
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المؤلفون: Joel Tsevat, P. Neal Ritchey, Sian Cotton, Anthony C. Leonard, Ian Kudel, Magdalena Szaflarski
المصدر: Journal of religion and health. 51(4)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Coping (psychology), medicine.medical_specialty, Concept Formation, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Multidimensional assessment, HIV Infections, Empirical Research, medicine.disease_cause, Article, Empirical research, Surveys and Questionnaires, Spirituality, medicine, Humans, In patient, General Nursing, Public health, Religious studies, General Medicine, Models, Theoretical, United States, Religion, Conceptual framework, Quality of Life, Psychology, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Social psychology
الوصف: A decade ago, an expert panel developed a framework for measuring spirituality/religion in health research (Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality), but empirical testing of this framework has been limited. The purpose of this study was to determine whether responses to items across multiple measures assessing spirituality/religion by 450 patients with HIV replicate this model. We hypothesized a six-factor model underlying a collective of 56 items, but results of confirmatory factor analyses suggested eight dimensions: Meaning/Peace, Tangible Connection to the Divine, Positive Religious Coping, Love/Appreciation, Negative Religious Coping, Positive Congregational Support, Negative Congregational Support, and Cultural Practices. This study corroborates parts of the factor structure underlying the Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality and some recent refinements of the original framework.
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المؤلفون: Joseph M. Mrus, Judith Feinberg, Joel Tsevat, Anthony C. Leonard, Sian Cotton, Magdalena Szaflarski, Susan N. Sherman
مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Longitudinal study, media_common.quotation_subject, Health Status, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Self-concept, HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Article, Cohort Studies, Interviews as Topic, Social support, Optimism, Quality of life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Medicine, Humans, Spirituality, Longitudinal Studies, Psychiatry, media_common, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Social Support, Middle Aged, Viral Load, Self Concept, Religion, Infectious Diseases, Family medicine, HIV-1, Quality of Life, Female, sense organs, business, Viral load, Cohort study
الوصف: The objective of this study was to assess in patients with HIV perceptions of life pre-HIV versus post-HIV diagnosis and examine whether such perceptions change over time. We conducted interviews and chart reviews of 347 outpatients with HIV from three cities in 2002-2004. In two interviews 12-18 months apart, patients compared their life now with their life before HIV was diagnosed. Independent variables included demographic and clinical characteristics; HIV-specific health status, symptoms, and concerns; spirituality/religion; social support; self-perception; and optimism. The patients' mean (standard deviation [SD]) age was 44.8 (8.3) years; half were minorities; and 269 (78%) were taking antiretroviral therapy. Comparing life at time 1 versus before diagnosis, 109 (31%) patients said their life was better at time 1, 98 (28%) said it was worse, and the rest said it was about the same or did not know. By time 2, approximately one fifth of the patients changed their answers to indicate life improvement and one sixth changed them to indicate life deterioration. In multivariable analysis, change in perception for the better between time 1 and time 2 (versus prediagnosis) was positively associated with time 1 positive religious coping scores, whereas change in perception for the worse was associated with study site, heterosexual orientation, a detectable viral load, shorter duration of HIV, lower spirituality scores, and lower positive religious coping scores. We conclude that many patients with HIV feel that their life is better than it was before their diagnosis, although results of such comparisons often change over time.
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::4bd9e23de39fcdd072c83fd3c09eaea3
https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2832655/ -
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المؤلفون: Kenneth I. Pargament, Carol Ann Caprini-Faigin, Anthony C. Leonard, June Hahn, Joel Tsevat, Sian Cotton, Kelly M. Trevino
المصدر: AIDS and behavior. 14(2)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, Religion and Psychology, Coping (psychology), Social Psychology, Cross-sectional study, media_common.quotation_subject, Health Status, Self-concept, Psychological intervention, HIV Infections, Anger, Social support, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Surveys and Questionnaires, Adaptation, Psychological, medicine, Humans, Spirituality, Longitudinal Studies, media_common, Depression, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Social Support, Middle Aged, Viral Load, medicine.disease, Self Concept, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Health psychology, Infectious Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, HIV-1, Quality of Life, Female, Psychology, Clinical psychology
الوصف: The present study investigated the relationships between positive religious coping (e.g., seeking spiritual support) and spiritual struggle (e.g., anger at God) versus viral load, CD4 count, quality of life, HIV symptoms, depression, self-esteem, social support, and spiritual well-being in 429 patients with HIV/AIDS. Data were collected through patient interview and chart review at baseline and 12-18 months later from four clinical sites. At baseline, positive religious coping was associated with positive outcomes while spiritual struggle was associated with negative outcomes. In addition, high levels of positive religious coping and low levels of spiritual struggle were associated with small but significant improvements over time. These results have implications for assessing religious coping and designing interventions targeting spiritual struggle in patients with HIV/AIDS.
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المؤلفون: Joel Tsevat, Ian Kudel, Anthony C. Leonard, William C. Holmes, Sian Cotton, Susan N. Sherman, Magdalena Szaflarski, Judith Feinberg
المصدر: Journal of general internal medicine. 21
مصطلحات موضوعية: Gerontology, Adult, Male, Religion and Psychology, Social Alienation, Coping (psychology), medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, Ethnic origin, medicine.disease_cause, Life Change Events, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Spirituality, Internal Medicine, Odds Ratio, Medicine, Humans, Sex Distribution, skin and connective tissue diseases, media_common, business.industry, Public health, Odds ratio, Original Articles, medicine.disease, United States, Black or African American, Social alienation, Female, sense organs, business, Clinical psychology
الوصف: Having a serious illness such as HIV/AIDS raises existential issues, which are potentially manifested as changes in religiousness and spirituality. The objective of this study was (1) to describe changes in religiousness and spirituality of people with HIV/AIDS, and (2) to determine if these changes differed by sex and race.Three-hundred and forty-seven adults with HIV/AIDS from 4 sites were asked demographic, clinical, and religious/spiritual questions. Six religious/spiritual questions assessed personal and social domains of religiousness and spirituality.Eighty-eight participants (25%) reported being "more religious" and 142 (41%) reported being "more spiritual" since being diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. Approximately 1 in 4 participants also reported that they felt more alienated by a religious group since their HIV/AIDS diagnosis and approximately 1 in 10 reported changing their place of religious worship because of HIV/AIDS. A total of 174 participants (50%) believed that their religiousness/spirituality helped them live longer. Fewer Caucasians than African Americans reported becoming more spiritual since their HIV/AIDS diagnosis (37% vs 52%, respectively; P.015), more Caucasians than African Americans felt alienated from religious communities (44% vs 21%, respectively; P.001), and fewer Caucasians than African Americans believed that their religiousness/spirituality helped them live longer (41% vs 68% respectively; P.001). There were no significantly different reported changes in religious and spiritual experiences by sex.Many participants report having become more spiritual or religious since contracting HIV/AIDS, though many have felt alienated by a religious group-some to the point of changing their place of worship. Clinicians conducting spiritual assessments should be aware that changes in religious and spiritual experiences attributed to HIV/AIDS might differ between Caucasian and African Americans.
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المؤلفون: Christina M. Puchalski, Anthony C. Leonard, Joseph M. Mrus, Amy H. Peterman, Sian Cotton, Judith Feinberg, Amy C. Justice, Susan N. Sherman, Joel Tsevat, Kenneth I. Pargament
المصدر: Journal of General Internal Medicine. 24:994-994
مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, Religion and Psychology, medicine.medical_specialty, Multivariate analysis, Alcohol Drinking, media_common.quotation_subject, education, Ethnic group, Self-concept, HIV Infections, Personal Satisfaction, Social support, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Residence Characteristics, Adaptation, Psychological, Spirituality, Ethnicity, medicine, Internal Medicine, Humans, Psychiatry, media_common, business.industry, Self-esteem, Social Support, Original Articles, social sciences, medicine.disease, Self Concept, United States, humanities, Logistic Models, Multivariate Analysis, Female, Erratum, business, Psychosocial, Follow-Up Studies
الوصف: Spirituality and religion are often central issues for patients dealing with chronic illness. The purpose of this study is to characterize spirituality/religion in a large and diverse sample of patients with HIV/AIDS by using several measures of spirituality/religion, to examine associations between spirituality/religion and a number of demographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables, and to assess changes in levels of spirituality over 12 to 18 months.We interviewed 450 patients from 4 clinical sites. Spirituality/religion was assessed by using 8 measures: the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spirituality-Expanded scale (meaning/peace, faith, and overall spirituality); the Duke Religion Index (organized and nonorganized religious activities, and intrinsic religiosity); and the Brief RCOPE scale (positive and negative religious coping). Covariates included demographics and clinical characteristics, HIV symptoms, health status, social support, self-esteem, optimism, and depressive symptoms.The patients' mean (SD) age was 43.3 (8.4) years; 387 (86%) were male; 246 (55%) were minorities; and 358 (80%) indicated a specific religious preference. Ninety-five (23%) participants attended religious services weekly, and 143 (32%) engaged in prayer or meditation at least daily. Three hundred thirty-nine (75%) patients said that their illness had strengthened their faith at least a little, and patients used positive religious coping strategies (e.g., sought God's love and care) more often than negative ones (e.g., wondered whether God has abandoned me; P.0001). In 8 multivariable models, factors associated with most facets of spirituality/religion included ethnic and racial minority status, greater optimism, less alcohol use, having a religion, greater self-esteem, greater life satisfaction, and lower overall functioning (R2=.16 to .74). Mean levels of spirituality did not change significantly over 12 to 18 months.Most patients with HIV/AIDS belonged to an organized religion and use their religion to cope with their illness. Patients with greater optimism, greater self-esteem, greater life satisfaction, minorities, and patients who drink less alcohol tend to be both more spiritual and religious. Spirituality levels remain stable over 12 to 18 months.
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